2017届崇明区初三一模语文试题及答案

2017届崇明区初三一模语文试题及答案
2017届崇明区初三一模语文试题及答案

2017届崇明区初三一模语文试题

(一)文言文(40分)

(一)默写(15分)

1、斯是陋室,。(《陋室铭》)

2、,尘暗旧貂裘。(《诉衷情》)

3、晨兴理荒秽,。(《归园田居》)

4、,在乎山水之间也。(《醉翁亭记》)

5、回看射雕处,。(《观猎》)

(二)阅读下面的诗,完成第6-7题(4分)

水仙子·咏江南

一江烟水照晴岚,两岸人家接画檐,芰荷丛一段秋光淡。看沙鸥舞再三,卷香风十里珠帘。画船儿天边至,酒旗儿风外飐。爱杀江南!

6、“烟水”在曲中的意思是(2分)

7、对“爱杀江南”原因理解的一项是()(2分)

A.清新秀丽。

B.浅淡肃杀。

C.繁华富庶。

D.闲适自得。(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)

嗟夫!予尝求古仁人之心,或异二者之为。何哉?不以物喜,不以己悲。居庙堂之高,则忧其民,处江湖之远,则忧其君。是进亦忧,退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶?其必曰“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”欤!噫!微斯人,吾谁与归?

8、本段文字选自课文《》,作者。(2分)

9、用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。(3分)

微斯人,吾谁与归?

10、下列对内容理解正确的一项是()(4分)

A.古仁人没有喜悦也没有忧愁。

B.古仁人做官不是为君主分忧。

C.要先让天下人无忧后让天下人快乐。

D.希望滕子京能效仿古仁人先忧后乐。

(四)阅读下文,完成第11-14题(12分)

秦桧

秦桧为相日,都堂左揆前有石榴一株①,每著实,桧默数焉。忽亡其二,桧佯不问。一日将排马②,忽顾谓左右取斧伐树,有亲吏在旁,仓卒③对曰:“实佳甚,去之可惜。”桧反顾曰:“汝盗食吾榴。”吏叩头服。

【注释】①都堂左揆前,指都府的②排马,检阅马匹③仓卒,同“仓促”

11、解释文中加点的词(4分)

(1)忽亡其二()(2)实佳甚()

12、秦桧认定“汝盗食吾榴”的理由是(用自己的话回答)(4分)

13、秦桧察盗之事揭示的道理是(4分)

二、现代文(40分)

(一)阅读下文,完成第14-17题(19分)

探秘中国“天眼”

①被誉为中国“天眼”的世界最大口径射电望远镜即中国建造世界上最大单口径球面射电望远镜(筒称FAST)。

②射电望远镜,可不是肉眼观测的普通望远镜,它是当今世界上最顶尖级的太空望远镜。

③射电,是比红外线频率更低的电磁波段。射电望远镜,跟接收卫星信号的天线锅类似,通过锅的反射聚焦,把几平方米到几千平方米的信号聚拢到一点上。

④“宇宙空间混杂各种辐射,遥远的信号像雷声中的蝉鸣,没有超级灵敏的…耳朵?,根本就分辨不出来。”中国科学院国家天文台FAST工程首席科学家、总工程师南仁东说。半个多世纪以来,所有射电望远镜收集的能量尚翻不动一页纸。要想获得更远、更微弱的射电,“阅读”到宇宙深处的信息,就需要更大口径的

射电望远镜。简言之,就是“锅”越大,星际穿越的距离就越远。

⑤FAST能够把近30个足球场这么大的接收面积里收集的信号,聚集在药片大小的空间里。与德国波恩100米望远镜相比,FAST灵敏度提高约10倍。这意

味着,远在百亿光年外的射电信号,FAST也有可能“捕捉”到。

⑥打开卫星地图,贵州平塘县的地貌好似布满褶皱的大象皮肤。再提高分辨率,就能看到大大小小的“漏斗”——“天坑”群。其中有一个就是科学家寻觅十载为这个最大望远镜找的“家”。科学家们在当地居民的帮助下,跋山涉水勘

察选址。经过反复筛选,最终在平塘县克度镇找到了“大窝凼”——最适合硕大“天眼”的深深的“眼窝”。

⑦FAST项目馈源支撑系统总工程师孙才红告诉记者,选址“大窝凼”有三方

面原因,一是地貌最接近FAST的造型,工程开挖量最小;二是这里的喀斯特地质可以保障雨水向地下渗透,不会在表面淤积而损坏和腐蚀望远镜;三是射电望远镜需要一处“静土”,“大窝凼”附近5千米半径之内没有一个乡镇,无线电环境理想。

⑧总面积达25万平方米的反射面看起来像一口超级“大锅”。总长度超过1.5千米的钢圈梁,将上万根钢索牢牢固定住。反射面单元面板固定在上万根钢索上。

⑨“FAST的索网结构可以随着天体的移动自动变化,带动索网上活动的4450个反射面板产生变化,足以观测到任意方向的天体,同时,馈源舱也随索网一同运动,采集反馈信息。”面板单元技术总师、中国电科研究员级高级工程师郑元鹏说。

⑩中国天文学会理事长、中国科学院院士武向平认为,FAST非常适合脉冲星的观测,可以检验广义相对论。此外,它对高能物理、极端物理、相对论的检验也都非常有意义。在天文专家赵之珩看来,FAST建成后能够接收到从宇宙深处发来的无线电波,会有一系列新的发现,从而推动我国天文研究向世界先进行列迈出一大步。赵之珩认为,现代天文学上的“两暗一黑”(即暗物质、暗能量、黑洞)还存在着许多的谜团,FAST接受和放大它们发来的微弱信号,有助于揭开这些谜团。

?中国天文学会会员、天津市天文学会理事史志成表示,FAST将对脉冲星、类星体等各种暗弱辐射源进行更精密观测,对它们的物质结构、产生机制进行深入探索,有望对认识宇宙起源与演化过程作出贡献。“宇宙中的生命体或高智商…外星人?若存在,他们的产生、遗留之信息,若存在于浩瀚天宇中,也有可能被FAST探测并接收到。”史志成说。

14、结合前后语句可见,第④段画线句说明了(4分)

15、第⑥段加点词“家”在文中的意思是 (2分)

16、根据文章内容,完成下面的填空。(8分)

17、第?段画线句若删去加点词“有望”,对句子的意思表达有何影响?(5分)

(二)阅读下文,完成第18-22题(21分)

多余的最后一句话

①那天我坐公交车去找朋友,车上人不多,但也没有空位子,有几个人还站着吊在拉手上晃来晃去。

②一个年轻人,干干瘦痩的,戴个眼镜,身旁有几个大包,一看就是刚从外地来的。他靠在售票员旁边,手拿着一个地图在认真研究着,眼不时露出茫然的神情,估计是有点儿迷路了。

③他犹豫了半天,很不好意思地问售票员:“去颐和园应该在哪儿下车啊?”

④售票员是个短头发的小姑娘,正剔着指甲缝呢。她抬头看了一眼外地小伙子说:“你坐错方向了,应该到对面往回坐。”

⑤要说这些话也没什么错,大不了小伙子下一站下车到马路对面坐回去吧。

⑥但是售票员可没说完,她说了那多余的最后一句话:“拿着地图都看不明白,还看个什么劲儿啊!”售票员姑娘眼皮都不抬。

⑦外地小伙儿可是个有涵养的人,他嘿嘿笑了一笑,把地图收起来,准备下一站下车换车去。

⑧旁边有个大爷可听不下去了,他对外地小伙子说:“你不用往回坐,再往前坐四站换904 也能到。”

⑨要是他说到这儿也就完了那还真不错,既帮助了别人,也挽回了北京人的形象。

⑩可大爷哪能就这么打住呢,他一定要把那多余的最后一句话说完:“现在的年轻人哪,没一个有教养的!”

?我心想,大爷这话真是多余,车上年轻人好多呢,打击面太大了吧。

?可不,站在大爷旁边的一位小姐就忍不住了。“大爷,不能说年轻人都没教养吧,没教养的毕竟是少数嘛,您这么一说我们都成什么了!”这位小姐穿得挺时髦,两细带子吊个小背心,脸上化着鲜艳的浓妆,头发染成火红色。可您瞧人这话,不像没教养的人吧,跟大爷还“您”啊“您”的。谁叫她也忍不住非要说那多余的最后一句话呢!

?“就像您这样上了年纪看着挺cí xiáng的,一肚子坏水儿的可多了呢!”

?没有人出来批评一下时髦的小姐是不正常的。可不,一个中年的大姐说了:“你这个女孩子怎么能这么跟老人讲话呢,要有点儿礼貌嘛,你对你父母也这么说吗?”

?您瞧大姐批评得多好!把女孩子爹妈一抬出来,女孩子立刻就不吭声了。要说这会儿就这么结了也就算了,大家说到这儿也就完了,大家该干嘛干嘛去。可不要忘了,大姐的“多余的最后一句话”还没说呢。“瞧你那样,估计你父母也管不了你。打扮得跟鸡似的!”

?后面的事大家就可想而知了,简单地说,出人命的可能都有。

?这么吵着闹着,车可就到站了。

?车门一开,售票员小姑娘说:“都别吵了,该下的赶快下车吧,别把自己正事儿给耽误了。”当然,她没忘了把最后一句多余的话给说出来:“要吵统统都给我下车吵去,不下去我车可不走了啊!烦不烦啊!”

?烦不烦?烦!不仅她烦,所有乘客都烦了!整个车厢这可叫炸了窝了,骂售票员的,骂外地小伙子的,骂时髦小姐的,骂中年大姐的,骂天气的,骂自个儿孩子的,真是人声鼎沸,甭提多热闹了!

?那个外地小伙子一直没有说话,估计他受不了了,他大叫一声:“大家都别吵了!都是我的错,我自个儿没看好地图,让大家跟着都生一肚子气!大家就算给我面子,都别吵了行吗?”

?听到他这么说,当然车上的人都不好意思再吵,声音很快平息下来,少数人轻声嘀咕了两句也就不说话了。但你们不要忘了,外地小伙子的“多余的最后一句话”还没说呢。“早知道北京人都是这么一群不讲理的王八蛋,我还不如不来呢!”

?想知道事情最后的结果吗?

?我那天的事情没有办成,大伙儿先被带到公安局录了口供,然后到医院外科把头上的伤给处理了一下,我头上的伤是在混战中被售票员小姑娘用票匣子给砸的。

?你们可别认为我参与了他们打架,我是去劝架来着。我呼吁他们都冷静一点儿,有话好好说,没什么大事儿,没什么必要非打个头破血流。

?我多余的最后一句话是这么说的:不就是售票员说话不得体吗?你们就当她是个傻蛋,和她计较什么呢?!

18、根据拼音写汉字。(2分)

上了年纪看着挺cíxiáng()的

19、对本文标题作用理解错误的一项是()(4分)

A.点明了本文的主题。

B.是贯穿全文的线索。

C.评说了人物的语言。

D.推动了故事情节的发展。

20、第?段画线句让你对“这位小姐”有了怎样的认识?(5分)

21、结合第?段画线句,简要分析本文叙述者语言的特别之处。(6分)

22、下列理解最符合文意的一项是()(4分)

A.要真诚待人

B.说真话就伤人

C.要尊重他人

D.不要多管闲事

三、综合运用(10分)

阅读所给材料,参与崇明生态文明共建,完成第23—25题。

崇明县“十三五”时期经济社会发展有七方面主要任务,第一方面是:“迈向更高层次的生态文明。坚持保护生态环境与加强治理相结合,重点围绕“水、土、林、气”四个领域,维护生态系统的稳定性和完整性,创造“天蓝、气洁、水清、地绿”的生态环境。围绕“节能、节水、节地、节材”四个领域,推进节约型社会建设。依托创建国家生态文明先行示范区契机,制定崇明生态文明制度

建设总体方案,加大生态文明制度探索和创新力度。大力培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,深入推进全国县级文明城市创建,凝聚生态文明价值共识,强化生态文明理念。”

23、崇明2016年下列工作中不属于“迈向更高层次的文明”的一项是()(3分)

A.建设用地减量900亩,推进三星镇市级土地整治项目。

B.继续推进崇明工业园区中小企业创业园建设。

C.在岛内主要公交线路试点投运新能源公交车。

D.加大农村生活污水处理设施建设,完成10000户。

24、请向你的家人补充提出两条参与生态崇明建设的生活建议。(4分)

(1)

(2)

(3)不随地吐痰。

(4)将生活垃圾投放到指定地点,不随意丢弃。

25、保护环境人人有责。当你发现有陌生人在公共绿地采摘花朵时,你作为普通游客选用下面哪句话加以制止最为合适?()( 3分)

A.请不要采摘花朵。

B.你怎么敢釆摘花朵?

C.不准釆摘花朵! C.可以不釆摘花朵吗?

四、写作(60分)

27、题目:事情虽已过去

要求:(1)写一篇600字左右的文章;(2)不得透露个人相关信息;(3)不得抄袭。

2017届崇明区初三一模语文试题〃参考答案

一、文言文(40分)

(一)默写(15分)

1、惟吾德馨

2、关河梦断何处

3、带月荷锄归

4、醉翁之意不在酒

5、千里暮云平

(二)阅读下面的诗,完成第6-7题(4分)

6、烟雾笼罩的江水。或:泛着(升腾着)烟雾(雾气)的江水(2分)

7、B(2分)

(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)

8、岳阳楼记范仲淹(2分)9、没有这种人,我同谁一道呢?(3分)10、D(4分)

(四)阅读下文,完成第11-14题(12分)

11、(4分)(1)失掉,失去,缺失(2)果实

12、(4分)吏说树上的果实味道很好,说明已经偷吃过果实(4分)

13、(4分)做事要讲究策略(多动脑筋)要善于透过现象看本质遇事要沉着冷静

二、现代文(40分)

(一)阅读下文,完成第14-17题(19分)

14、宇宙射电(无线电、电磁波)的能量及其微弱,需要口径更大灵活度更高的射电望远镜(4分)

15、(建造)地点(建造)位置(2分)

16、(8分)(1)灵敏度高(2)选址大窝凼的原因(科学性)(3)无线电干扰小(无线电环境理想)(4)天眼的作用(应用价值,科研意义)

17、(5分)“有望”是有希望,有可能,表示推测,用在此处表明FAST可能(但还没有)对认识宇宙起源与演化过程作出实际贡献,删去“有望”,则由推测变成了肯定,认为FAST一定能在这方面有所贡献,与事实不符。

(二)阅读下文,完成第18-22题(21分)

18、慈祥

19、(4分)A

20、(5分)这是她的肖像,由此可以看出,她打扮时髦妖艳,与其语言之间有明显反差,反衬出其缺少教养。(答题思路:依次认识了这是小姑娘的肖像,是怎样的肖像,是怎样的人)

21、(6分)这里的叙述语言,先指出大姐前面的话很有鸣不平之正气,言之有理,由此再指出最后一句话的多余,突出其画蛇添足,将情节向更高潮推进。这些语言以议论为主,对相关人物的表现作画龙点睛的评说,幽默风趣,有喜剧色彩和调侃意味,自然推进情节的展开,让人在忍俊不禁中产生无穷的回味。

22、(4分)C

三、综合运用(10分)

阅读所给材料,参与崇明生态文明共建,完成第23—25题。

23、(3分)B

24、(4分)

提示:建议可以从“水、土、林、气”或“节能、节水、节土、节材”或“生态意识、生态制度、生态行为、生态环境”等角度来提,但必须扣住家庭生活,不能与已有建议重合,。

示例:不焚烧农作物桔杆少开私家车多乘公交车对生活用水加以循环利用用节能灯照明利用平房屋顶安装光伏发电

25、(3分)A

【精品】2017年崇明区初三英语二模试卷及答案

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