高二英语动词ing用法归类总结
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-ing分词的用法
一、-ing分词的构成
-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例):
一般式完成式
主动形式doing 主动形式having done
被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如:
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.
不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。1.-ing分词的一般式doing
1). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。
Eg:Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。Eg:Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。2).-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;Eg:Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。
Eg:They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
2.-ing分词完成式having done:完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示
的动作之前发生的动作。
Eg:Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
Eg:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. Eg:Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
3. -ing分词的被动式being done :
-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作.
Eg:The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
4. having done的被动形式having been done表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
Eg:Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
Eg:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library. 在被带去看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆。
5动词-ing形式的否定形式。
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时not 应放在动词-ing形式之前。
Eg:Excuse me for my not coming on time.
Eg:I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
例1. ______ to the station on time made everyone worried last week. A. Him not getting B. Not his getting
C. His not getting
D. Not getting
6.动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词ing形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格,名词所有格或普通格加动名词,动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:
①形容词性物主代词+动名词
②名词‘s +动名词③代词宾格+动名词
④名词+动名词
【注意】动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时,不能用③④两种形式。
Eg:Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot. 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。
Eg:Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now.
翻译练习:His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。
翻译练习:He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。
二-ing分词的语法作用
动词-ing一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)–ing分词(短语)作主语: 动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数:
Eg:Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识
Eg:Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
翻译练习: Learning English well is not easy.
在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语。
A. It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time /fun 等后需用动名词作真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡,通常用it 作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。
Eg:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
Eg:It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。
翻译练习:It is no use waiting for him any longer.
B.当句型“There is no doing…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时,需用动名词作主语。
Eg:There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no point (in)doing sth 干…….没意义。
Eg:There’s no point (in)waiting. 等待是毫无意义的。
There is no sense(in)doing sth. 干…没道理/意义
例.1.In my mind,_____ that famous university will be the only way to be come a worlds-class writer.
A. attending
B.to attend
C. attend
D. having attended
2. My grandfather is a millionaire, but _____ money does not solve all his