高中英语阅读理解细节题解题技巧

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧

（一）

高考中阅读理解主要可以分为四大题型：主旨题、细节题、语义题、推断题。其中江苏高考近五年细节题共考了24题，可见细节题考察的频率之高。

（二）

细节题常设的设问方式有2种：

1.According to the passage ,which of the following is true/ false/ mentioned/ not mentioned ?

2.When/Where/How/Who/Why/Which/What...?等特殊疑问句

（三）

所谓细节题，解题思路就是精准定位，能细节到文章具体某一段、某一句、某一词，即最终落在单词上。

那么文章中的单词和答案正确选项的单词有那些关系呢？

我们可以归类为四种关系：

1.词义对等替换

2.近似含义替换

3.抽象替换具体

4.变更词性替换

具体这四种关系是什么呢？我们以江苏高考真题为例：

1.词义对等替换：即两个词义本身不同的单词，但是在文章的语境下表达同一个东西。

Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions in contrast are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.

Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?

A．Approaching the source of anger.

B．Trying to control what is disliked.

C．Moving away from what is disliked.

D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger.

第一步：精准定位根据题目offensive anger定位到答案在第四行But之后

第二步：关键词move toward 与approach 近义词（第2点）

object 与source 为词义对等替换:object为目标、客体、物体source为来源、水源，两个单词有着不同的意思，但是在文中，the object of our anger 与答案the source of anger 指的是同一样东西，令人生气的东西就是令人生气的来源。

答案：A

2.近似含义替换：即近义词、近义词组

The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by

different standards.

According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”? A．Taking buses.

B．Buying houses.

C．Flying with an airline.

D．Visiting amusement parks.

第一步：精准定位泛读本段

第二步：关键词wait for a bus 与take buses 同义词

答案：A

3.抽象替换具体：文章中进行举例，答案进行概括，这时候我们要选出最具有概括性的答案。如果文章是概括性的，选项是具体的，这时候往往不是正确答案。

比如说，作者在文章中写道：我喜欢吃苹果、香蕉、西瓜。选项说：这个作者喜欢吃水果，那么这种抽象替换具体是对的。反之，如果作者在文中写道：我喜欢吃水果，选项说：这个作者喜欢吃苹果，这种选项往往为错误答案，有无中生有的嫌疑。

Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.

People volunteer mainly out of ______ .

A.academic requirements

B. social expectations

C. financial rewards

D. internal needs

第一步：精准定位在For example之后

第二步：关键词express personal values related to unselfishness、expand their range of experiences、strengthen social relationships将具体的三项概括，可用排除法选择。

答案：D

4.变更词性替换：文章中的单词与答案中的单词是同一个单词的不同词性，最常见的是名词与动词替换，形容词与副词替换。

The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997-98 helped American's economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.

What may ElNinos bring about to the countries affected?

A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.

B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.

C. Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.

D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.

第一步：精准定位在第二句

第二步：文章中gain和lose为动词，答案中为名词

答案：C