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2017考研英语阅读经济类文章常识及词汇考研英语阅读，经济类文章是一个大众话题，出现的频率比较高，考生需要对此类文章相关词汇短语多多积累。下面分享经济类文章的背景知识和提相关词汇，大家注意学习。
1. 产能利用率(Capacity Utilization)
产能利用率，也叫设备利用率，是工业总产出(total industrial output)对生产设备的比率。简单的理解，就是实际生产能力到底有多少在运转发挥生产作用。
当产能利用率超过95% 以上，代表设备使用率接近全部，通货膨胀(inflation)的压力将随产能无法应付而急速升高，在市场预期利率(market expected interest rate)可能升高情况下，对该国货币是利多。反之如果产能利用率在90% 以下，且持续下降，表示设备闲置过多，经济有衰退的现象，在市场预期利率可能降低情况下，对该国货币是利空。
2. 自然失业率(Natural Rate of Unemployment)
自然失业率指充分就业下的失业率。自然失业率即是一个不会造成通货膨胀的失业率(Non-accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment，NAIRU )，也是劳动市场处于供求稳定状态的失业率。从整个经济看来，任何时候都会有一些正在寻找工作的人，经济学家把在这种情况下的失业称为自然失业率，所以，经济学家对自然失业率的定义，有时被称作"充分就业状态下的失业率"，有时也被称作无加速通货膨胀下的失业率。
例：America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. (1997年Text5)
译文：例如，美国的生产力利用率在今年前段时间创下了历史高水平，而它的失业率(8月份为5.6%)已降至低于对自然失业率的大多数估测——过去当比率低于自然失业率时，通货膨胀率已急剧上升。
3. 经济结构(Economic Structure)
经济结构指国民经济的组成和构造，它是一个由许多系统构成的多层次，多因素的复合体。一个国家的经济结构是否合理，主要看它是否建立在合理的经济可能性之上。结构合理就能充分发挥经济优势，有利于国民经济各部门的协调发展。经济结构状况是衡量国家和地区经济发展水平的重要尺度。不同经济体制(economic system)，不同经济发展趋向的国家和地区，经济结构状况差异甚大。
4. 货币政策(monetary policy)
狭义的货币政策指中央银行(central bank)为实现其特定的经济目标而采用的各种控制和调节货币供应量(monetary supply)或信用量(credit)的方针和措施的总称，包括信贷政策(credit policy)、利率政策(interest rate policy)和外汇政策(foreign exchange policy)。而广义政策的货币政策指政府、中央银行和其他有关部门所有有关货币方面的规定和采取的影响金融变量(financial variable)的一切措施。
真题例句：Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.
译文：许多用来描述经济政策的语言，比如“控制经济软着陆”、“给经济踩刹车”，使经济政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。
5. 利率(interest rate)
利率表示一定时期内利息量与本金(capital)的比率，通常用百分比表示，按年计算则称为年利率(annual interest rate)。当经济过热(overheated economy)、通货膨胀(inflation)上升时，便提高利率、收紧信贷(credit squeeze);当过热的经济和通货膨胀得到控制时，便会把利率适当地调低。因此，利率是重要的基本经济因素(basic economic factors)之一。
6. 通货膨胀(inflation)
在信用货币制度下，流通中的货币数量超过经济实际需要而引起的货币贬值(devaluation)和物价(commodity price)水平全面而持续的上涨。
真题例句：Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Amer ica’s, have little productive slack.
译文：经济学家尤其对英美两国利好通货膨胀数字感到吃惊，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济，几乎没有出现生产萧条。
7. 通货紧缩(deflation)
当市场上流通货币(currency)减少，人民的货币所得减少，购买力(purchasing power)下降，影响物价至下跌，造成通货紧缩。长期的货币紧缩会抑制投资与生产(investment and production)，导致失业率(jobless rate)升高及经济衰退。
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2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解） Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网https://www.360docs.net/doc/e78768983.html,/
2017年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course