初中英语被动语态笔记版总结

初中英语被动语态小结

一．语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。

语态有两种：________语态和__________语态。

如果主语是动作的执行者要用__________语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,则用____________语态。二．被动语态构成：

1.一般现在时:am/is/are + done

2. 一般过去时:was/were+ done

3. 一般将来时:will/shall be + done

4. 现在进行时:am/is/are being + done

5. 过去进行时:was/were being + done

6. 现在完成时:have/has been + done

7. 过去完成时:had been + done

8. 情态动词：must / may / might + be done.

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:

All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory. _____________________________________________ 五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once. It should be done at once.

六、特殊情况

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:

The book sells well.这种书很畅销。

These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。

3. 使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式(make hear notice see let)主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

He let Daming do his homework → Daming was let to do his homework.

He saw Daming do his homework →Daming was seen to do his homework.

4. 主动表被动：1、 Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。

The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。

5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如:

Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。

6有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to

★He gave Betty a book.____________________________________ _________________________________

7. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

初中英语被动语态专项练习

( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.

A. found

B. was founded

C. is founded

D. was found

( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks

B. are spoken

C. is speaking

D. is spoken

( )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

A. often sings

B. often sang

C. is often sang

D. is often sung

( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made

( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used

B. are using

C. are used

D. have used

( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep

B. be kept

C. to be kept

D. to keep

( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that coat.

-I'm sorry. ___. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it

had been sold

( )8A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

A. is building

B. is being built

C. been built

D. be building

( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.

A. was left

B. will be left

C. is left

D. has been left

( ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need

B. are needing

C. are needed

D. will need

( )11 His new book___ next month.

A.will be published

B. is publishing

C. is being published

D. has been published