雅思阅读真题附答案及解析

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雅思阅读理解真题及答案

雅思阅读理解真题及答案雅思阅读考试大多选自国外人文类、经济类和科学类的知名报纸、杂志或政府各部门(UK及世界各国)的社会发展报告。

如经济学家杂志，金融时报，卫报，美国国家地理杂志等。

下面给大家带来雅思阅读理解真题，希望对你们有所帮助。

雅思阅读理解真题及答案解析★Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the TreatyA.After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief,continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.B.There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006 ’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007,though the recovery may be ebbing by then.C.The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a newtreaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, theTreaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration —until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters.But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.D.In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty —the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union ” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances,the EU’s 50th -birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship.But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto — a newquasi-constitution will be ready.E.According to the German government—which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007 —there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will bediscussed,approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that isdeemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009-10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.F.The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals.The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their owncountries.G.That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries —France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.H.The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almostcertainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.Questions 1-6Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOTGIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this.1.After years ’ introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.5.French government will hold the EU ’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of 2008.6.For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.Questions 7-10Complet the following sentencces.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to makea rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.Questions 11-14Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopeaneconomic development.A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.12. The word “immobilised ” in the last line of Section C means ___________.A. stopped completely.B. pushed strongly.C. motivated wholely.D. impeded totally.13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, becauseA. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive,cynical and self-destructuve..B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.Part IINotes to the Reading Passage1. pan-Enropeanpan-: 前缀：全，总，泛pan-African 全/ 泛非洲的(运动)pan-Enropean 全/ 泛欧的(机构建设)2. outstrip超越，胜过，超过，优于Material development outstripped human development ”“物质的发展超过了人类的进步”3. ebb回落跌落;衰退或消减The tide is on the ebb. 正在退潮。

雅思阅读真题附答案(完整版)

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雅思阅读真题附答案版(部分内容)：题型:人名观点配对他在寻找古老的湖泊，这名Mungo 女子是被火葬的 A持怀疑态度的教授对一些化石的DNA 进行了可靠的分析 E教授测定的人的年龄要比62000 年前年轻的多的结果 A确定Mungo 人的年龄，争议了澳大利亚人的起源 B在澳洲，研究小组谁先恢复生物的证据，发现尼安德特人 C年代的支持者认为澳大利亚巨型动物的灭绝是由于古代人类狩猎造成的 D多区域的解释已经被提出，而不是坚持认为单一的起源 B史前人类活动导致气候变化而不是巨型动物的灭绝 A判断题Mungo 湖仍然为考古学家提供了图解说明人类活动的证据True在Mungo 湖发现Mungo 使用的武器Not givenMungo 人是在复杂的文化世界上已知最古老的考古证据之一，如埋葬仪式TrueMungo 男人和女人的骨架是被发现在同一年False澳大利亚教授使用古老的研究方法对“走出非洲”支持者的批判Not given以上就是关于雅思阅读真题附答案的相关汇总，考生可以通过上方下载完整版历年雅思阅读真题解析，提升资深雅思阅读能力。

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剑桥雅思阅读5原文翻译及答案（test1）

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READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Johnson’s DictionaryFor the centur y before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’. Like the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, Cawdray’s tended to concentrate on ‘scholarly’ words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe thevarious worlds to conquer —lexical as well as social and commercial. it is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage. Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself and he would do it single-handed. Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holbom Bar on 18 June 1764.He was to be paid ￡1.575 in instalments, and from this he took money to rent Gou gh Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop’.James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house’ with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up. Johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an ‘old crazy deal table’ surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the Dictionary was still in preparation.The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations drawn from English writing on everysubject, from the Elizabethans to his own time. He did not expect to achieve complete originality. Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis. In fact, it was very much more. Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning. He adopted his definitions on the principle of English common law —according to precedent. After its publication, his Dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1775. It was instantly recognised as a landmark throughout Europe. ‘This very noble work,’ wrote the leading Italian lexicographer, ‘will be a perpetual monument of Fame to the Author, an Honour to his own Country in particular, and a general Benefit to the republic of Letters throughout Europe" The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.Johnson had worked for nine years, ‘with little assistance of the learned, and without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow’. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, ‘setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of English words’. It is the cornerstone of Standard English an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words ‘conferred stability on the language of his country.’The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George Ⅲ to offer him a pension. From then on, he was to become the Johnson of folklore.Questions 1-3Choose THREE letters A-H.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.NB Your answers may be given in any order.Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary?A It avoided all scholarly words.B It was the only English dictionary in general use for 200 years.C It was famous because of the large number of people involved.D It focused mainly on language from contemporary texts.E There was a time limit for its completion.F It ignored work done by previous dictionary writers.G It took into account subtleties of meaning.H Its definitions were famous for their originality.Questions 4-7Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-7 on your answer sheet.In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on a number of 4…………, who stood at a long central desk. Johnson did not have a 5………… available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks.On publications, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring 6……… to the English language. As a reward for his ha rd work, he was granted a 7………by the king.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8 The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries.9 Johnson has become more well known since his death.10 Johnson had been planning to write a dictionary for several years.11 Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary.12 Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.13 Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the Dictionary.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Nature or Nurture?A A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of lifefor their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader’ in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically M ilgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject’ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ ability to learn.B Milgram’s expe rimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from ‘15 volts of electricity (slight shock)’ to ‘450 volts (danger —severe shock)’ in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer. The supposed ‘pupil’ was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.C As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram with questioning looks and/or complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgramcalmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was ‘you have no other choice. You must go on’. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.D Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’ and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.E What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit in repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers’ actually do in the laboratory of real life?F One’s first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram’s teache-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.G An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. As Milgram himself pointed out, ‘Most subjects in the experiment see their behaviour in a larger context that is benevolent and useful to society —the pursuit of scientific truth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and evokes trust and confidence in those who perform there. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this se tting.’H Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.I Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authorityfigure. The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology — to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with elucidating the biological basis of all behaviour.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14 a biological explanation of the teacher-subjects’ behaviour15 the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment16 the identity of the pupils17 the expected statistical outcome18 the general aim of sociobiological study19 the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continueQuestions 20-22Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.20 The teacher-subjects were told that were testing whetherA a 450-volt shock was dangerous.B punishment helps learning.C the pupils were honest.D they were suited to teaching.21 The teacher-subjects were instructed toA stop when a pupil asked them to.B denounce pupils who made mistakes.C reduce the shock level after a correct answer.D give punishment according to a rule.22 Before the experiment took place the psychiatristsA believed that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous.B failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond to instructions.C underestimated the teacher-subjects’ willingness to comply with experimental procedure.D thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts.Questions 23-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this23 Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.24 Some people may believe that the teacher-subjects’ behaviour could be explained as a positive survival mechanism.25 In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority.26 Milgram’s experiment solves an important question in sociobiology.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40,which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Truth about the EnvironmentFor many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet’s air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book ‘The Limits to Growth’ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world’s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient —associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution — the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming — does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: ‘Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever.’ The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America’s encounter with El Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures(which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.So what of global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures. A model by one of the main authors of the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world’s single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, andprevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic — but more costly still to be too pessimistic.Questions 27-32Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement ag rees with the writer’s claimsNO if the statement contradicts the writer’s clamsNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this27 Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world fora number of reasons28 Data on the Earth’s natural resources has only been collected since 1972.29 The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.30 Extinct species are being replaced by new species.31 Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to industrialisation.32 It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.Questions 33-37Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.33 What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?A the need to produce resultsB the lack of financial supportC the selection of areas to researchD the desire to solve every research problem34 The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate howA influential the mass media can be.B effective environmental groups can be.C the mass media can help groups raise funds.D environmental groups can exaggerate their claims.34 What is the writer’s main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6?A Some are more active than others.B Some are better organised than others.C Some receive more criticism than others.D Some support more important issues than others.35 The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended toA educate readers.B meet their readers’ expec tations.C encourage feedback from readers.D mislead readers.36 What does the writer say about America’s waste problem?A It will increase in line with population growth.B It is not as important as we have been led to believe.C It has been reduced through public awareness of the issues.D It is only significant in certain areas of the country.Questions 38-40Complete the summary with the list of words A-I below.Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.GLOBAL WARMINGThe writer admits that global warming is a 38…………….challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the 39…………… way. If we try to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases, he believes that it would only have a minimal impact on rising temperatures. He feels it would be better to spend money on the more 40………… health problem of providing the world’s population with clean drinking water.A unrealisticB agreedC expensiveD rightE long-termF usualG surprisingH personalI urgent剑桥雅思阅读5原文参考译文(test1)TEST 1 PASSAGE 1参考译文：Johnson’s Dictionary约翰逊博士的字典For the century before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.约翰逊博士的《字典》于1775年出版，在此之前的一个世纪，人们一直对英语的发展状况担忧。

雅思阅读-练习七_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

雅思阅读-练习七(总分40, 做题时间90分钟)Reading passage 1You should spend about 20 migrates on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Are Children Prey for Fast Food Companies?David Paul Morris/Getty ImagesA **panies have been in a headlong rush to prevent government from enacting policies that would affect sales of items such as sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food. One of their tactics is for **panies to issue pledges to protect children, saying in so many words, "You can trust us to police ourselves so government can back down."B The marketing of junk food has been the focus of many such pledges. In the U.S., the pledges are made through the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative run by the Council of Better Business Bureaus. The two largest fast **panies, McDonald's and Burger King, take part in this initiative. A new report from our group at Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity help answer the question about whether these and other fast **panies have made any meaningful changes.C Charlie Brown kept hoping Lucy would hold the football in place. Government can keep hoping that industry will make meaningful changes, or it can step in. This study by Yale researchers was the largest ever on the marketing of fast foods to children. A major finding is that the amount of marketing of fast foods to children is going up, not down. The average preschool child sees three ads for fast food, every day. For teens the number is five. Much of the advertising is to create brand loyalty as much as it is to promote certain foods. **panies want people in the door. And once they enter, it is not a pretty sight. A few more of the key findings.· Only 12 of 3,039 possible kids' **binations meet nutriti on criteria for preschoolers. Only 15 meet nutrition criteria for older children.· AtMcDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, and Taco Bell, emplo yees automatically served French fries or another unhealthy side more than 84 percent of the time. A soft drink or other unhealthy beverage was served at least 55 percent of the time.· Snacks and desserts often marketed directly to teens contain as many as 1,500 calories, which is five times more than the American Dietetic Association's recommendation of a 200-to 300-calorie snack for active teens.· McDonald's and Burger King have pledged to reduce unhealthy marketing to children, but children ages 6 to 11 saw 26 percent more ads for McDonald's in 2009 compared to 2007. The increase for Burger King was 10 percent.· African American children and teens see at least 50 percent more fast food ads than their white peers. McDonald's and KFO specifically target African American youth with TV advertising, targeted websites, and banner ads.D There is no longer doubt that children and teens need protection. Marketing of both brands and foods is relentless and the nation is paying a terrible price. The industry has had time to prove itself trustworthy, and government can look the other way only so long. Children's health and well-being are essential to thefuture vitality of the country and their erosion by some food industry practices must be stopped.E The fast food industry can do several things to help. Oneis to steer people toward healthier items, for instance offeringfruit and milk as the default choices in kids' meals rather than fries and sugared drinks. Posters inside restaurants can promote healthier items. Healthier foods can be priced more attractively and deals that encourage purchase of large burgers, servings of fries, and sugared beverages can end.F Most important is **panies to remove children and teens from the list of groups to be recruited as loyal customers. It seems unlikely that industry will do so voluntarily --there is simply too much money at' stake. More weak and ineffective promises from industry will hurt more than help. Charlie Brown kept hoping Lucy would hold the football in place. Government can keep hoping that industry will make meaningful changes, or it can step in.G There is much government can do. It has the authority to restrict marketing aimed at children and also has sway over what goes into food (for example, a number of cities in the U.S.and the entire country of Denmark have banned trans fats in restaurant foods). It is only a matter of time before government exercises this authority, driven by grave concern over rising health care costs, recognition that children need protecting, and legislators responding to public outrage as people learn just what industry is doing. Children's health is not something to be auctioned off to big **panies.Questions 1-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisSSS_FILL1.**panies disagree the authority to make laws concerned with fast food industry.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL2.McDonald's and Burger King have made many promises to the consumers through an organization.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL3.The study made by Yale scientists suggests that junk food market decreased in recent years.该问题分值: 1答案:NSSS_FILL4.Fast **panies served unhealthy food to the customers most of the daytime.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL5.Snacks and desserts have 5 times the calories more than the amount of recommendation, which can lead to obesity and heart diseases.该问题分值: 1答案:NGQuestions 6-11Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information ?Write the correct letter, A-G in boxes 6-11 on your answer sheet.SSS_FILL6.Big fast **panies did not keep their promises and more fast food advertisements were shown to children.该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_FILL7.Black children see more fast food **pared with the white ones.该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_FILL8.The youth need protection to keep away the junk food while the society is paying a heavy price.该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_FILL9.What the fast food industry should do to make up the negative influence.该问题分值: 1答案:ESSS_FILL10.The urgent and primary thing for fast **panies to take a measure.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL11.Government should play a much more important role in restrict maketing.该问题分值: 1答案:G•Questions 12-13Choose TWO letters from A-E.Write your answers in boxes 12-14 on your answer sheet.The list below gives some descriptions from the passage.What are the two points that fast **panies should do to help7A. to encourage people to have healthier food.• B. to reduce the amount of advertisements.• C. to make young children less obsessed with fast food.• D. to cut the supply of unhealthy food.• E. to introduce more public opinion supervision mechanism.SSS_FILL12.该问题分值: 1答案:C/ASSS_FILL13.该问题分值: 1答案:A/C14.Questions 14What is the main idea of the short passage?• A. To appeal government and parents to pay more attention to the children's health problem.• B. To raise the sales promotion of fast food and enlarge the budget of the government.• C. Children have no idea of telling the black from white on terms of junk food.D. Fast **pany should do more to be concerned about children's health problem.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该问题分值: 1答案:DReading passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-28, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Difference Engine: Safety firsthttp./// blogs/babbacle/2011/02/road_safetyA IT is remarkable how risk-conscious people have become, especially on the road. Sure, some motoring maniacs will always push their luck, causing mayhem for themselves and others—and everyone makes mistakes from time to time, gets distracted, becomes impatient and is, perhaps, not as mindful of other road users as he ought to be. Nevertheless, the statistics for traffic accidents, at least in developed parts of the world, reveal a heartening downward trend.B In the United States, for instance, the latest figures fromthe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) show that 33,808 people died on American roads in 2009—the lowest level since 1950. That is still way too many personal tragedies. Even so, it represents a 9.7% decline from the figure in 2008, which was itself 9.7% lower than 2007's. The absolute number of fatalities may grab the headlines, but the more relevant statistic—the fatality rate per 100m vehicle-miles traveled-has also been inching steadily down over the past half century. In 2009, the American rate had fallen to 1. 13 deaths per 100m vehicle-miles. Only Britain, Denmark, Japan, The Netherlands and Sweden fared better. For that, traffic authorities everywhere can thank the wholesale introduction of safety-belts and air-bags, as well as tougher drunk-driving laws.C As could be expected, the recession has played its part in reducing the deathly toll on the road—especially among the most vulnerable group, 16 to 24-year-olds. They have suffered most from unemployment and hence have been exposed to fewer hazards on the road. The worry is that there could be a rebound in fatalities once the recovery gets seriously underway and the young resume their reckless driving habits.D While horrifying, traffic accidents are far from being mankind's greatest scourge. Around the world, they account for 1.2m deaths a year, compared with the 35m people who die from **municable illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes (5.4m of which are caused by smoking alone). According to the World Health Organisation, some 25m people all told have died in road accidents since horseless carriages took to the streets (the first such fatal accident occurred in London in 1896). That is the same as the number of people who have died over the past 30 years from AIDS.E The irony is that, while the roads are safer than ever, motorists have become more safety conscious. Back in the early1970s, when your correspondent built a car forhimself, he considered its backbone frame—made of pressed-steel sections braced with steel tubing—as state-of-the-art as far as crashworthiness was concerned. With the engine and transmission amidships, the front third of the vehicle was effectively a dedicated crumple zone. Likewise, the rear had strategically placed structural members designed to collapse on impact and mop up excess kinetic energy if shunted from behind. An added virtue was that, being a mere 1,4501b (660kg), the car had very little inertia to **e relative to most other vehicles on the road, and thus tended to be shoveled down the highway intact when hit from behind (as has happened twice) rather than being crumpled on impact.F Today, though, he considers his beloved 39-year-old car a death trap, and won't allow his wife or daughter to drive it or ridewith him. The reason is not that he thinks it dangerous to drive. Over the decades he has upgraded—on a machine that was inherently safe to start with—the brakes, the tyres and the suspension, and made the frame torsion ally even stiffer. As a result, the vehicle now has far more primary safety (the agility, stability and stopping power needed to avoid accidents) than the vast majority of modern cars.G The problem is the vehicle's secondary safety—the ability to save occupants' lives if the car is, despite all its primary safety, actually involved in a crash. While the car's original seat belts have been replaced with four-point harnesses, it still has no air-bags, nor any side-intrusion protection. Viewed from the side, its occupants sit within a fragile eggshell of fibreglass. Tee-boned at a crossing, they would be instant spam in a can.H That never used to enter your correspondent's mind. Nowadays, he thinks about it every time he gets into the car. Put it down to better driver education, more graphic media coverage of road accidents, or simply old age. Yet, the likelihood of his ending his days that way is remote. Statistically, he is more likely to be murdered than to suffer a fatal side-impact.I Without question, the biggest killer stalking the roads today is driver distraction, followed by drink, speeding, fatigue, aggression and the weather. Researchers at Virginia Tech reckon 80% of crashes and 65% of near-crashes involve some form of distraction three seconds prior to the incident.J Despite the fact that it is illegal in many parts of America to use handheld phones while driving, the **mon distractions behind the wheel remain texting and dialling. Motorists who text while driving increase their risk of a crash or near-crash 23-**pared with those who do not. Reaching out for something inside the car represents a nine-fold increase in risk. Dialling causes a six-fold increase (see "Driven to distraction", October 2nd 2009).K But the technologies NHTSA is putting greatest emphasis on are those that keep intoxicated motorists off the road. Across America, a third of traffic fatalities these days are related to the use of alcohol. One system uses sensors developed by QinetiQ North America, a research and **pany that spun out of the British defence establishment, that can measure a person's blood-alcohol content through the skin. Attached to the steering wheel or the door handle, the device would stop anyone over the limit from driving home. To prevent such sensors from being thwarted by gloves, the vehicle would be activated only if the device received an actual reading of the person's alcohol level below 0.08%.L Publicly, carmakers embrace such initiatives. Privately,they are leery of them. The added cost is one thing. Customer resistance is another. Then there are the legal liabilitiesresulting from all the likely false-positive responses that will doubtless lock a proportion of sober drivers out of their vehicles or incapacitate their engines in some way. Lawyers will have a field day.M The security industry has been grappling with similar questions when trying to screen for terrorists among the millions of innocent travelers at airports. The problem is that biometric systems—whether they measure blood alcohol, fingerprint geometries or facial features—do not provide binary yes / no answers like conventional digital systems. By their nature, they generate results that are probabilistic—and hence inherently fallible. Worse, the sensors degrade with age and their data can be corrupted by environmental factors.N Yet there is a real and urgent need for technologies that can keep habitual drunks off the road. According to NHTSA, drivers who were involved in fatal accidents and were over the limit at the time were eight times more likely to have had a prior conviction for drunken driving than drivers involved in crashes who were stone cold sober. Preventing such people from getting behind the wheel might save up to 9, 000 American lives a year. Presumably, such savings in life and limb would be similar, or even better, elsewhere.Questions 15-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2 ?In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisSSS_FILL15.A downward trend of traffic accidents is shown in the developing countries these years.该问题分值: 1答案:NGSSS_FILL16.The decline of employment rate has contributed to reduced deathlytoll during recession.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL17.There are less people who died from smoking than that of traffic accidents.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL18.Primary design of a vehicle include the ability to prevent passengers' lives involved a car accident.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL19.Biometric sensors can generate data which may be damaged or modified by unwanted factors.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL20.Annually there are up to 9,000 lives in United States that die due to drunk driving.该问题分值: 1答案:NGQuestions 21-24SSS_SINGLE_SEL21.Which is TRUE according to NHTSA's figures?A There were over thirty-three thousand people who died on American roads in 1988.B There were more people who died due to traffic accidents in America in 2009 than that of 2008 and 2007.C The American rate was 9.7% per 100m vehicle-miles in 2009.D The vehicle's performance in America increased from 1950 to 2009.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL22.Which of the following statements about vehicle's safety is TRUE?A The primary safety of vehicles has been **pared to decades before.B The vehicle's secondary safety is more important than its primary safety.C Air-bags are introduced while four-point harnesses replace the car's original seat belts.D Good driver education can improve the performance of vehicle's safety.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL23.What disturb(s) drivers most in America?A making phone callsB using handheld phonesC drinkingD low driver education该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL24.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A Alcohol content in human blood can be measured by a sensor, which was developed by the technologies in NHTSAB Biometric systems always generate probabilistic results and have good stability over years.C Habitual drunks should be prevented from the road.D Most of the American lives could be saved by Preventing drunk people from drivin该问题分值: 1答案:CQuestions 25-28Which of the paragraph contains the following information ?Write the correct letter, A-N, in boxes 25-28 on your answer sheet.SSS_FILL25.Description of primary design of a car decades ago.该问题分值: 1答案:ESSS_FILL26.Recession's role in less death on the road该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_FILL27.NHTSA's attention on drunk drivers该问题分值: 1答案:KSSS_FILL28.Different reasons for human deaths该问题分值: 1答案:DReading passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 29-40, which arebased on Reading Passage 3 below.TSA Says Better Body Scanners Will EndPrivacy Uproar: Don't Bet on ItWhat if you could walk through that airport body scanner, pause for the camera, and know that your naked image would never be pored over by human eyes? If it was software, not TSA screeners, who searched you and other passengers for possible explosives?That's the vision of Transportation Security Administration head John Pistole. At a Senate hearing yesterday, Georgia Republican Johnny Isakson conjured this future and suggested to Pistole, "It looks like technology can be a solution to the privacy issue."Pistole responded, "1 think so, I'm very hopeful in that regard."Earlier in his testimony, he'd remarked, "1 see us in an interim period" where the TSA was using best available technology but that "target recognition software" clearly addresses the privacy issue in its "entirety" and would be available soon.How soon? "I'd like to say months, but it's all technology driven," Pistole said.While vendors like L-3 and Rapiscan are actively trying to come up with a magic technological solution for the TSA, independent experts on body scanning technology and automated threat detection aren't nearly as optimistic as the TSA head. Setting aside the question of how much real safety would be afforded by body scanners that use algorithms to detect artfully hidden explosives under someone's clothes there are fundamental problems that may make it very difficult to deploy them.Here's how they work. First, an image is obtained with an x-ray backscatter or millimeter wave machine like the 385 systems already installed in 70 airports around the country. While the two types of machines have important differences, their basic principles**parable. The electromagnetic waves (x-rays or radio) used in the machines pass easily through clothing, but bounce back when they encounter human skin (or other denser materials). Those reflections reach the scanner and are transformed into an image of the body sans clothing.In one of the automated threat detection systems, that image would be fed to an algorithm that **pare it to a database of other images to determine if it was suspicious. Instead of looking at an image of a person, the TSA scanners would see a stick figure that would indicate the general area where a problem existed. They would then follow up with a pat down or other screening procedure.Unfortunately, the technological task of automated threatdetection is not trivial. There are inherent problems that make an accurate machine very, very difficult to build.The most basic problem is that an algorithm is only as good as its training data. These machines are like a massive game of memory: **pare something new with something they've seen before. In order to make accurate determinations, they need a huge library of suspicious and normal images, said the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Doug McMackin, who developed the technology on which the L-3 SafeView system is based."To see different threats, you really have to scan a lot of people and put objects on different places on the body and use different kinds of threats too," McMackin said.Of course, we could easily generate a huge database of images from all the people walking through the scanners right this minute, but the privacy problem that would represent makes it impossible. "You can build up this huge database, but because they don't save any of the imagery, you have to go out and get people to build up this database."Carey Rappaport, the head of the Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems (a multi-university organization that studies automatic threat detection) and a microwave engineer at Northeastern University, agreed that automated threat detection using just this kind of imaging would be very hard. "How do you get a computer algorithm to say this fits in the parameters of what's human and this is something that is not human?" Rappaport asked. "There are a lot of things that could look naturally occurring but that are cleverly disguised explosives."This problem is not easily sidestepped. It's built into to the detection task: it's just hard to know what you're looking for and even harder to provide a computer with a set of rules to precisely define the characteristics of something you've never seen before."What are you looking fore If you're looking for something that looks like a Glock or a roadrunner cartoon object with a **ing out of it, that's easy," Rappaport said. "Guns have to have a barrel. Knives have to have sharp edges, but an explosive can be formed into anything."And not only is it difficult to predict the precise form of a threat, but people's bodies vary too, introducing even **plexity, Rappaport said.Even Pistole admitted that the rate of false-positives was too high based on the TSA's own testing. Some of the L-3 ProVision Automatic Threat Detection systems have been deployed in other countries, most prominently at Amsterdam's Schipol Airport and the Hamburg Airport. At the latter, officials revealed this week thatfolds in clothing were creating false alarms. L-3 has not—and does not plan to—make their data public in a peer-reviewed journal.Human beings are actually great at this kind of pattern detection. As Rappaport put it, even a two-year old can tell you the difference between a dog and a cat, whereas the **puter vision systems can't. There is a reason that image recognition tasks are one of the most popular assignments on cheap labor markets like Mechanical Turk.The TSA did not officially provide a timeline for when automated threat detection might be deployed. "The current version of automated threat detection technologies do not meet TSA's detection standards," spokesperson Sarah Horowtiz wrote to me. "TSA sees automated threat detection as a viable option for the future. "Rappaport thinks that the real answer to automated threat detection will be to use "multiple modalities". So, in addition to an x-ray or backscatter scanner, there'd also be some chemical detection machine or some other type of technique. Obviously, such a system would be much **plex and take longer to develop than a few months.Nonetheless, holding out the carrot of an automated scanner is very effective rhetoric. When Congressional representatives **plaints about pat-downs and body scans, they can assure their constituents that they're working on it and liberally sprinkle that statement with that magic word. technology.Questions 29-34Whose idea or words contains the following information ?Write the correct letter, A-E in boxes 29-34 on your answer sheet.• A. John Pistole• B. Johnny Isakson• C. Doug McMackin• D. Carey Rappaport• E. Sarah HorowtizSSS_SIMPLE_SIN29.The proportion was on the foundation of the system, causing some problems.A B C D E该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN30. The system is capable of being used in the time to come.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN 31. Imagine the prospect and gave a suggestion that technology can solve the problem.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN 32. A large range of pictures are needed for the purpose of being determined to carry the system out.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN33. By putting the imaging into use, the automated threat detection would be difficult for the machine cannot tell the parameters of human from others.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN 34. People must be collected to fill up the database because the system cannot save any of the imagery.A B C D E该问题分值: 1答案:CQuestions 35-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3 ?In boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts theinformationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisSSS_FILL35.Pistole has the same opinion with Isakson that technology plays an important role to the solution.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL36.Pistole regards that it will take only a few months to reach the target.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL37.Comparing the two types of machines, their primary principles are different.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL38.The task on terms of technology of automated threat detection is quite important.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL39.Neither the precise form of a threat nor people's body are difficult or complex to predict by using the system.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL40.Some chemical detection machine or some other type of technique would be helped within a year.该问题分值: 1答案:NG1。

雅思阅读理解真题刷题2-附答案解析

Choices and HappinessA Americans today choose among more options in more parts of life than has everbeen possible before. To an extent, the opportunity to choose enhances our lives. It is only logical to think that if some choice is good, more is better; people who care about having infinite options will benefit from them, and those who do not can always just ignore the 273 versions of cereal they have never tried. Yet recent research strongly suggests that, psychologically, this assumption is wrong.Although some choice is undoubtedly better than none, more is not always better than less.B Recent research offers insight into why many people end up unhappy rather thanpleased when their options expand. We began by making a distinction between “maximizers”and “satisficers”.C In particular, we composed a set of statements—the Maximization Scale—todiagnose people’s propensity to maximize. Then we had several thousand people rate themselves from 1 to 7 on such statements as “I never settle for second best.”We also evaluated their sense of satisfaction with their decisions.We did not define a sharp cutoff to separate maximizers from satisficers, but in general, we think of individuals whose average scores are higher than 4 as maximizers and those whose scores are lower than the midpoint as satisficers. People who score highest on the test—the greatest maximizers—engage in more product comparisons than the lowest scorers, both before and after they make purchasing decisions, and they take longer to decide what to buy. When satisficers find an item that meets their standards, they stop looking. But maximizers exert enormous effort reading labels, checking out consumer magazines and trying new products. They also spend more time comparing their purchasing decisions with those of others.D We found that the greatest maximizers are the least happy with the fruits oftheir efforts. When they compare themselves with others, they get little pleasure from finding out that they did better and substantial dissatisfaction from finding out that they did worse. They are more prone to experiencing regret after a purchase, and if their acquisition disappoints them, their sense of well-being takes longer to recover. They also tend to brood or ruminate more than satisficers do.E Does it follow that maximizers are less happy in general than satisficers? Wetested this by having people fill out a variety of questionnaires known to be reliable indicators of well-being. As might be expected, individuals with high maximization scores experienced less satisfaction with life and were less happy, less optimistic and more depressed than people with low maximization scores.Indeed, those with extreme maximization ratings had depression scores that placed them in the borderline clinical range.F Several factors explain why more choice is not always better than less, especiallyfor maximizers. High among these are “opportunity costs.”The quality of any given option cannot be assessed in isolation from its alternatives. One of the “costs”of making a selection is losing the opportunities that a different option would have afforded. Thus, an opportunity cost of vacationing on the beach in Cape Cod might be missing the fabulous restaurants in the Napa Valley.EARLY DECISION-MAKING RESEARCH by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky showed that people respond much more strongly to losses than gains. If we assume that oppoyunity costs reduce the overall desirability of the most preferred choice, then the more alternatives there are, the deeper our sense of loss will be and the less satisfaction we will derive from our ultimate decision.G The problem of opportunity costs will be worse for a maximizer than for asatisficer. The latter’s “good enough”philosophy can survive thoughts about opportunity costs. In addition, the “good enough”standard leads to much less searching and inspection of alternatives than the maximizer’s “best”standard. With fewer choices under consideration, a person will have fewer opportunity costs to subtract.H Just as people feel sorrow about the opportunities they have forgone, they mayalso suffer regret about the option they settle on. My colleagues and I devised a scale to measure proneness to feeling regret, and we found that people with high sensitivity to regret are less happy, less satisfied with life, less optimistic and more depressed than those with low sensitivity. Not surprisingly, we also found that people with high regret sensitivity tend to be maximizers. Indeed, we think that worry over future regret is a major reason that individuals become maximizers. The only way to be sure you will not regret a decision is by making the best possible one. Unfortunately, the more options you have and the more opportunity costs you incur, the more likely you are to experience regret.Regret.I In a classic demonstration of the power of sunk costs, people were offeredseason subscriptions to a local theater company. Some were offered the tickets at full price and others at a discount. Then the researchers simply kept track of how often the ticket purchasers actually attended the plays over the course of the season. Full-price payers were more likely to show up at performances than discount payers. The reason for this, the investigators argued, was that the full-price payers would experience more regret if they did not use the tickets because not using the more costly tickets would constitute a bigger loss. To increase sense of happiness, we can decide to restrict our options when the decision is not crucial. For example, make a rule to visit no more than two stores when shopping for clothing.Question 1-4Look at the following statements(Question 1-4)and the list of people below.Match each statement with the correct person,A-D.Write the correct letter,A-D,in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.A MaximizersB SatisficersC BothD Neither of them1finish transaction when the items match their expectation2buy the most expensive things when shopping3consider repeatedly until they make final decision4particular in the questionnaire of the authorQuestions5-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes5-9on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this5With the society’s advancement, more chances make our lives better and happier.6There is difference of finding by different gender classification.7The feeling of loss is greater than that of acquisition.8“good enough ” standard brings about more effort on searching than “best”standard.9There are certain correlations between the ‘regret’ people and the maximizers. Questions 10-13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10 What is the subject of this passage?A regret makes people less happyB choices and well-beingC an interesting phenomenonD advices on shopping11 According to conclusion of questionnaires, which of the followingstatement is correct?A maximizers are less happyB state of being optimistic is importantC uncertain results are foundD maximizers tend to cross bottom line12 The experimental on theater tickets suggested:A sales are different according to each seasonB people like to spend on the most expensive itemsC people feel depressed if they spend their vouchersD people would regret if they failed to attend the plays.13 What is author’s suggestion on how to increase happiness:A focus the final decisionB be sensitive and smartC reduce the choice or optionD read label carefully题目答案1 B2 D3 A4 C5 FALSE6 NOT GIVEN7 TRUE8 FALSE9 TRUE10 B11 A12 D13 CFoot Pedal IrrigationYou should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-14,which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.A Until now, governments and development agencies have tried to tackle theproblem through large-scale projects: gigantic dams, sprawling irrigation canals and vast new fields of high-yield crops introduced during the Green Revolution, the famous campaign to increase grain harvests in developing nations. Traditional irrigation, however, has degraded the soil in many areas, and the reservoirs behind dams can quickly fill up with silt, reducing their storage capacity and depriving downstream farmers of fertile sediments. Furthermore, although the Green Revolution has greatly expanded worldwide farm production since 1950, poverty stubbornly persists in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Continued improvements in the productivity of large farms may play the main role in boosting food supply, but local efforts to provide cheap, individual irrigation systems to small farms may offer a better way to lift people out of poverty.B The Green Revolution was designed to increase the overallfood supply, not to raise the incomes of the rural poor, so itshould be no surprise that it did not eradicate poverty or hunger.India, for example, has been self-sufficient in food for 15 years,and its granaries are full, but more than 200 millionIndians—one fifth of the country's population—aremalnourished because they cannot afford the food they needand because the country's safety nets are deficient. In 2000 189 nations committed to the Millennium Development Goals, which called for cutting world poverty in half by 2015. With business as usual, however, we have little hope of achieving most of the Millennium goals, no matter how much money rich countries contribute to poor ones.C The supply-driven strategies of the Green Revolution, however, may nothelp subsistence farmers, who must play to their strengths to compete in the global marketplace. The average size of a family farm is less than four acres in India, 1.8 acres in Bangladesh and about half an acre in China.Combines and other modern farming tools are too expensive to be used on such small areas. An Indian farmer selling surplus wheat grown on his one-acre plot could not possibly compete with the highly efficient and subsidized Canadian wheat farms that typically stretch over thousands of acres. Instead subsistence farmers should exploit the fact that their labor costs are the lowest in the world, giving them a comparative advantage in growing and selling high-value, intensely farmed crops.D Paul Polak saw firsthand the need for a small-scale strategy in 1981 whenhe met Abdul Rahman, a farmer in the Noakhali district of Bangladesh.From his three quarter-acre plots of rain-fed rice fields, Abdul could grow only 700 kilograms of rice each year—300 kilograms less than what he needed to feed his family. During the three months before the October rice harvest came in, Abdul and his wife had to watch silently while their three children survived on one meal a day or less. As Polak walked with him through the scattered fields he had inherited from his father, Polak asked what he needed to move out of poverty. “Control of water for my crops,”he said, “at a price I can afford.”E Soon Polak learned about a simple device that could help Abdul achievehis goal: the treadle pump. Developed in the late 1970s by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Barnes, the pump is operated by a person walking in place on a pair of treadles and two handle arms made of bamboo. PrF operly adjusted and maintained, it can be operated several hours a daywithout tiring the users. Each treadle pump has two cylinders which are made of engineering plastic. The diameter of a cylinder is 100.5mm and the height is 280mm. The pump is capable of working up to a maximum depth of 7 meters. Operation beyond 7 meters is not recommended to preserve the integrity of the rubber components. The pump mechanism has pistonand foot valve assemblies. The treadle action creates alternate strokes in the two pistons that lift the water in pulses.G The human-powered pump can irrigate half an acre of vegetables andcosts only $25 (including the expense of drilling a tube well down to the groundwater). Abdul heard about the treadle pump from a cousin and was one of the first farmers in Bangladesh to buy one. He borrowed the $25 from an uncle and easily repaid the loan four months later. During the five-month dry season, when Bangladeshis typically farm very little, Abdul used the treadle pump to grow a quarter-acre of chili peppers, tomatoes, cabbage and eggplants. He also improved the yield of one of his rice plots by irrigating it. His family ate some of the vegetables and sold the rest at the village market, earning a net profit of $100. With his new income, Abdul was able to buy rice for his family to eat, keep his two sons in school until they were 16 and set aside a little money for his daughter's dowry. When Polak visited him again in 1984, he had doubled the size of his vegetable plot and replaced the thatched roof on his house with corrugated tin. His family was raising a calf and some chickens. He told me that the treadle pump was a gift from God.H Bangladesh is particularly well suited for the treadle pump because a hugereservoir of groundwater lies just a few meters below the farmers' feet. In the early 1980s IDE initiated a campaign to market the pump, encouraging75 small private-sector companies to manufacture the devices and severalthousand village dealers and tube-well drillers to sell and install them. Over the next 12 years one and a half million farm families purchased treadle pumps, which increased the farmers' net income by a total of $150 million a year. The cost of IDE's market-creation activities was only $12 million, leveraged by the investment of $37.5 million from the farmers themselves.In contrast, the expense of building a conventional dam and canal system to irrigate an equivalent area of farmland would be in the range of $2,000 per acre, or $1.5 billion.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes1-6 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1 It is easier to resolve food problem in large scale rather than in small scale.2 Construction of gigantic dams costs more time in developing countries.3Green revolution failed to increase global crop production from the mid of 20th century.4Agricultural production in Bangladash declined in last decade.5 Farmer Abdul Rahman knew how to increase production himself at thebeginning.6 Small pump spread into big project in Bangladesh in the following decade after the campaign.Questions 7-11Filling the blanks in diagram of treadle pump's each parts.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Questions 12-14Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.12 How large can a treadle pump irrigate the field according to the passage?13 What is Abdul's new roof made of?14 How much did Bangladesh farmers invest under IDE's stimulation?题目答案1 FALSE2 NOT GIVEN3 FALSE4 NOT GIVEN5 TRUE6 TRUE7 several hours8 bamboo9 cylinders10 piston11 712 half an acre13 corrugated tin14 $37.5 millionPaper or Computer?A Computer technology was supposed to replace paper. Butthat hasn't happened every country in the western world usesmore paper today, on a per-capita basis, than it did ten yearsago. The consumption of uncoated free-sheet paper, forinstance--the most common kind of office paper--rosealmost fifteen per cent in the United States between 1995and 2000. This is generally taken as evidence of how hard itis to eradicate old, wasteful habits and of how stubbornly resistant we are toefficiencies offered by computerization. .B Economists at the I.M.F spend most of their time writing reports on complicatedeconomic questions, work that would seem to be perfectly suited to sitting in front of a computer. Nonetheless, the I.M.F is awash in paper, and Sellen and Harper wanted to find out way. Their answer is that the business of writing reports --at least at the I.M.F--is an intensely collaborative process, involving the professional judgments and contributions of many people. The economists bring drafts of reports to conference rooms, spread out the relevant pages, and negotiate changes with one other. They go back to their offices and jot down comments in the margin, taking advantage of freedom offered by the informality of the handwritten note. Then they deliver the annotated draft to the author in person, taking him, page by page, through the suggested changes. At the end of the process, the author spreads out all the pages with comments on his desk and starts to enter them on the computer--moving the pages around as he works, organizing and reorganizing, Saving and discarding.C Without paper, this kind of collaborative, iterative work process would be muchmore difficult. According to Sellen and Harper, paper has a unique set of"affordances"--that is, qualities that permit specific kind of uses. Paper istangible: we can pick up a document, flip through it, read little bits here andthere, and quickly get a sense of it. Paper is spatially flexible, meaning that we can spread it out and arrange it in the way that suits us best. And it's tailorable: we can easily annotate it, and scribble on it as we read, without altering theoriginal text. Digital documents, of course, have their own affordances. They can be easily searched, shared, stored, accessed remotely, and linked to other relevant material. But they lack the affordances that really matter to a group workingtogether on a report.D Paper enables a certain kind of thinking, for instance, the top of your desk.Chances are that you have a keyboard and a computer screen off to one side, anda clear space roughly eighteen inches square in front of your chair. What coversthe rest of the desktop in probably piles--piles of papers journals, magazines, binders, postcards, videotapes, and all the other artifacts of the knowledge economy. The piles look like a mess, but they aren't. When a group at AppleComputer studied piling behavior several years ago, they found that even the most disorderly piles usually make perfect sense to the piler, and office workers could hold forth in great detail about the precise history and meaning of their piles. The pile closest to the cleared, eighteen-inch-square working area, for example, generally represents the most urgent business, and within that pile the most important document of all is likely to be at the top. Piles are living, breathing archives. Over time, they get broken down and resorted, sometimes chronologically and sometimes thematically and sometimes chronologically and thematically; clues about certain documents may be physically embedded in the file by, say, stacking a certain piece of paper at an angle or inserting dividers into the stack.E But why do we pile documents instead of filing them? Because piles represent theprocess of active, ongoing thinking. The psychologist Alison Kidd, whose research Sellen and Harper refer to extensively, argues that "knowledge workers"use the physical space of the desktop to hold" ideas which they cannot yet categorize of even decide how they might use." The messy desk is not necessarilya sign of disorganization. It may be a sign of complexity: those who deal withmany unresolved ideas simultaneously cannot sort and file the papers on their desks, because they haven't yet sorted and filed the ideas in their head.F Sellen and Harper arrived at similar findings when they did some consulting workwith a chocolate manufacturer. The people in the firm they were most interested in were the buyers-- the staff who handled the company's relationships with its venders, from cocoa and sugar manufacturers to advertisers. The buyers kept folders(containing contracts, correspondence, meeting notes, and so forth) on every supplier they had dealings with. The company wanted to move the information in those documents online, to save space and money , and make it easier for everyone in the firm to have access to it. That sounds like an eminently rational thing to do. But when Sellen and Harper looked at the folders they discovered that they contained all kinds of idiosyncratic material--advertising paraphernalia, printouts of e-mails, presentation notes, and letters-- much of which had been annotated in the margins with thoughts and amendments and, they write, " perhaps most important, comments about problems and issues with a supplier's performance not intended for the supplier's eyes." The information in each folder was organized--if it was organized at all-- according to the whims ofthe particular buyer. Whenever other people wanted to look at a document, they generally had to be walked through it by the buyer who" owned" it, because it simple wouldn't make sense otherwise. The much advertised advantage of digitizing documents--that they could be made available to anyone, at any time--was illusory: documents cannot speak for themselves. "G This idea that paper facilitates a highly specialized cognitive and social process isa far cry from the way we have historically thought about the stuff. Paper firstbegan to proliferate in the workplace in the late nineteenth century as part of the move toward" systematic management." To cope with the complexity of the industrial economy, managers were instituting company-wide policies and demanding monthly, weekly, or even daily updates from their s ubordinates. Thus was born the monthly sales report, and the office manual and the internal company newsletter. The typewriter took off in the eighteen-eighties, making it possible to create documents in a fraction of the time it had previously taken, and that was followed closely by the advent of carbon paper, which meant that a typist could create ten copies of that document simultaneously.Then the secretary would make ten carbon copies of that schedule and send them out to the stations along your railway line. Paper was important not to facilitate creative collaboration and thought but as an instrument of control.Questions 27-33Reading passage3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.List of headingsI paper continued as a sharing or managing mustII Inspiring piles can be long habituatediii process that economists used paperiv overview of an unexpected situation: paper survived v comparison between paper and computervi IMF' paperless office seemed to be a waste of papers vii example of failure for avoidance of paper recordviii advantages of using a paper in officesix piles reflect certain characteristics in people' thought x joy of having the paper square in front of computer27paragraph A28paragraph B29 paragraph C30 paragraph D31 paragraph E32paragraph F33 paragraph GQuestions 34-36Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 34-36on your answer sheet.Compared with digital documents, paper has several advantages. First it allows clerks to work in a ___34___ way among colleagues. Next, paper is not like virtual digital versions, it's__35___ Finally, because it is __36__, note or comments can be effortlessly added as related information.Questions 37-40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37 What do the economists from IMF say that their way ofdocuments?A they note their comments for pleasureB they finish individuallyC they share authorshipD they use electronic version fully38 What is the implication of the "Piles" mentioned in the passage?A they have underlying ordersB they are necessarily a messC they are in time sequence orderD they are in alphabetic order39 What does the manage r believe in sophisticated economy?A recorded paper as management toolB strict supervision in compulsoryC Teamwork is the most importantD monthly report is the best way40 According to the end of this passage, what is the reason why paper is not replaced by electronic vision?A paper is inexpensive to buyB it contributed to management theories in western countriesC people need time for changing their old habitD Paper is a significant medium for supervision题目答案27 iv28 iii29 viii30 ii31 ix32 vii33 i34 flexible35 tangible36 tailorable37 C38 A39 A40 DYou should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Traditional Farming Practice in TanzaniaA By tradition land in Luapula is not owned by individuals, but as in manyother parts of Africa is allocated by the headman or headwoman of avillage to people of either sex, according to need. Since land isgenerally prepared by hand, one ulupwa cannot take on a very largearea; in this sense land has not been a limiting resource over large parts ofthe province. The situation has already changed near the main townships, and there has long been a scarcity of land for cultivation in the Valley. In these areas registered ownership patterns are becoming prevalent.B Most of the traditional cropping in Luapula, as in the Bemba area to theeast,is based on citemene, a system whereby crops are grown on the ashes of tree branches. As a rule, entire trees are not felled, but are pollarded so that they can regenerate. Branches are cut over an area of varying size early in the dry season, and stacked to dry over a rough circle about a fifth to a tenth of the pollarded area. The wood is fired before the rains and in the first year planted with the African cereal finger millet (Eleusine coracana). The grain of this crop is used to brew local beers such as cipumu, which contribute several vitamins of the B complex to peoples' diet. Cipumu is also used in cementing reciprocal working relationships.C During the second season, and possibly for a few seasons more the area isplanted to variously mixed combinations of annuals such as maize, pumpkins(Telfiria occidentalis) and other cucurbits, sweet potatoes, groundnuts, Phaseolus beans and various leafy vegetables, grown with a certain amount of rotation. The diverse sequence ends with cassava, which is often planted into the developing last-but-one crop as a relay.D Richards observed that the practice of citemene entails a definite division oflabour between men and women. A man stakes out a plot in an unobtrusive manner, since it is considered provocative towards one's neighbours to mark boundaries in an explicit way. The dangerous work of felling branches is the men's province, and involves much pride. Branches are stacked by the women, and fired by the men. Formerly women and men cooperated in the planting work, but the harvesting was always done by the women. At the beginning of the cycle little weeding is necessary, since the firing of the branches effectively destroys weeds. As the cycle progresses weeds increase and nutrients eventually become depleted to a point where further effort with annual crops is judged to be not worthwhile: at this point the cassava is planted, since it can produce a crop on nearly exhausted soil.Thereafter the plot is abandoned, and a new area pollarded for the next。

雅思阅读考试真题和答案

雅思阅读考试真题和答案Passage 1: The History of TeaQuestions 1-6: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.1. What is the main reason for the popularity of tea in Britain?A. The British climate is suitable for growing tea.B. Tea was introduced to Britain by the Dutch.C. Tea was affordable and accessible to the masses.2. How did the British tea ceremony differ from the Chinese one?A. It was more formal and elaborate.B. It was less focused on socializing.C. It was more about the ritualistic aspects.3. What was the impact of the tea tax on the American colonies?A. It led to a decrease in tea consumption.B. It resulted in the Boston Tea Party.C. It caused the colonies to grow their own tea.4. What is the primary purpose of the tea estates in India?A. To produce tea for export to Europe.B. To provide employment for local workers.C. To preserve traditional tea-making methods.5. What does the author suggest about the future of tea?A. It will become less popular due to health concerns.B. It will continue to be a staple in many cultures.C. It will be replaced by other beverages.6. What is the main focus of the International Tea Day?A. Promoting tea as a healthy beverage.B. Encouraging fair trade practices in the tea industry.C. Celebrating the cultural significance of tea.Answers:1. C2. B3. B4. A5. B6. CQuestions 7-13: Answer the statements with TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.7. The British East India Company had a monopoly on tea trade in the 18th century.TRUE8. Tea was initially considered a luxury item in Britain.TRUE9. The Chinese tea ceremony is known for its simplicity.FALSE10. The Boston Tea Party was a protest against high tea prices.FALSE11. The tea estates in India were established to meet domestic demand.FALSE12. The author believes that tea's popularity is declining in modern times.NOT GIVEN13. International Tea Day is celebrated to promote the economic benefits of tea.NOT GIVENPassage 2: The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthQuestions 14-20: Complete the summary with the correct information from the passage.The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthSocial media has become an integral part of modern life, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter on a daily basis. However, the effects of social media on mental health have been a topic of concern. Recent studies have shown that there is a correlation between social media use and mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.14. A study conducted by the Royal Society for Public Health found that social media can have both positive and negative effects on young people's mental health. The platforms that had the most negative impact were Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook.15. The comparison of social media use to a "digital mirror" highlights the tendency of users to compare their lives with others, leading to feelings of inadequacy and羡慕.16. The term "FOMO" (Fear of Missing Out) is used to describe the anxiety that arises from seeing others' experiences and achievements on social media, which can exacerbate feelings of isolation and loneliness.17. Some individuals may develop a dependency on social media for validation and self-worth, which can lead to a cycle of seeking approval and reinforcement from online interactions.18. The negative effects of social media can be mitigated by setting boundaries, such as limiting the time spent on social media platforms and being mindful of the content that is consumed.19. It is suggested that parents and educators play a crucial role in guiding young people on how to use social media responsibly and in promoting a healthy relationship with these platforms.20. The potential benefits of social media, such as staying connected with friends and family, sharing experiences, and accessing information, should not be overlooked, as they can contribute positively to mental health when used in moderation.Passage 3: Renewable Energy SourcesQuestions 21-26: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.21. What is the primary advantage of solar energy according to the passage?A. It is a clean and renewable source of energy.B. It requires minimal maintenance.C. It can be used in remote areas without infrastructure.22. Which of the following is a disadvantage of wind energy?A. It is dependent on weather conditions.B. It has a high initial cost.C. It is harmful to wildlife.23. What is the main concern regarding the use of biofuels?A. They contribute to deforestation.B. They are not as efficient as fossil fuels.C. They can lead to food shortages.24. What is the potential of tidal energy as mentioned in the passage?A. It is a consistent and predictable source of energy.B. It has a low environmental impact.C. It can be used to generate electricity on a large scale.25. What is the current limitation of geothermal energy?A. It is only available in certain geographical locations.B. It requires advanced technology for extraction.C. It is not cost-effective compared to other renewable sources.26. What does the author suggest about the future of renewable energy?A. It will replace fossil fuels completely.B. It will play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions.C. It will become the dominant source of energy worldwide.Answers:21. A22. C23. C24. A25. A26. BQuestions 27-33: Answer the statements with TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.27. Solar energy can be harnessed in areas with low sunlight.FALSE28. Wind turbines can be noisy and disruptive to local communities.TRUE29. Biofuels are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.NOT GIVEN30. Tidal energy is affected by the lunar cycle.TRUE31. Geothermal energy can be used for heating as well as electricity generation.TRUE32. The cost of renewable energy is decreasing due to technological advancements.TRUE33. The author believes that renewable energy will solve all energy problems.NOT GIVENNote: This is a sample set of questions and answers for practice purposes. Actual IELTS reading tests may vary in content and structure.。

雅思阅读试卷附完整参考答案

Section I WordsA.Match the words with the same meaning.W rite down the letters on you answer sheet.(1(1’’*6)1.epidermic2.motivate3.assume4.appealing5.controversy 6expertise A.skill or knowledge in a particular areaB.dispute,argumentC.attractiveD.an outbreak of a contagious disease thatspreads rapidly and widelyE.to provide with an incentive;impel. F.to take for granted,supposeB.Fill in the blanks with proper forms of words given in the box,one word can be usedmore than once.(1(1’’*10)evolve prepare propose minimum peer throughcheat weep address exploit except1.Not surprisingly,his was not well received,even though it seemed to agree with the scientific information available at the time..2.The little girl with disappointment when she learned that her favourite Barbie Dolls were sold out.3.The price is her,she refuses to lower it any further.4.Apes,monkeys and many other primates have fairly elaborate systems of calls for communicating with other members of their species.5.Some melodies are quite manipulative,working on our emotions very effectively,and composers have often this to the full.6.I realized I’d been when I saw the painting on sale for half the price I paid for it.7.To this problem,Counter Intelligence built a kitchen of its own and started making gagets to fill it with.8.Most birds don’t have a good sense of smell,but fish-eaters such as petrels and shearwaters are significant.9.Why bother a clear door,when you can put a camera in the oven to broadcast snapshots of the activities in the oven to a screen in another room?10.Exploration will allow us to make suitable for dealing with any dangers that we might face,and we may be able to find physical resources such as minerals.SectionⅡ.TranslationA.Translate the following sentences into English.(3(3’’*5)1.Despite the hardship he encountered,Mark never(放弃对知识的追求)2.由于缺乏对这种病的了解，许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。

雅思阅读真题附答案(完整版)

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相关字搜索：雅思阅读真题附答案人生中每一次对自己心灵的释惑，都是一种修行，都是一种成长。

雅思(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析)

雅思（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Going Nowhere FastTHIS is ludicrous! We can talk to people anywhere in the world or fly to meet them in a few hours. We can even send probes to other planets. But when it comes to getting around our cities, we depend on systems that have scarcely changed since the days of Gottlieb Daimler.In recent years, the pollution belched out by millions of vehicles has dominated the debate about transport. The problem has even persuaded California—that home of car culture—to curb traffic growth. But no matter how green they become, cars are unlikely to get us around crowded cities any faster. And persuading people to use trains and buses will always be an uphill struggle. Cars, after all, are popular for very good reasons, as anyone with small children or heavy shopping knows.So politicians should be trying to lure people out of their cars, not forcing them out. There’s certainly no shortage of alternatives. Perhaps the most attractive is the concept known as personal rapid transit(PRT), independently invented in the US and Europe in the 1950s.The idea is to go to one of many stations and hop into a computer-controlled car which can whisk you to your destination along a network of guideways. You wouldn’t have to share your space with strangers, and with no traffic lights, pedestrians or parked cars to slow things down, PRT guideways can carry far more traffic, nonstop, than any inner city road.It’s a wonderful vision, but the odds are stacked against PRT for a number of reasons. The first cars ran on existing roads, and it was only after they became popular—and after governments started earning revenue from them—that a road network designed specifically for motor vehicles was built. With PRT, the infrastructure would have to come first—and that would cost megabucks. What’s more, any transport system that threatened the car’s dominance would be up against all those with a stake in maintaining the status quo, from private car owners to manufacturers and oil multinationals. Even if PRTs were spectacularly successful in trials, it might not make much difference. Superior technology doesn’t always triumph, as the VHS versus Betamax and Windows versus Apple Mac battles showed.But “dual-mode”systems might just succeed where PRT seems doomed to fail. The Danish RUF system envisaged by Palle Jensen, for example, resembles PRT but with one key difference: vehicles have wheels as well as a slot allowing them to travel on a monorail, so they can drive off the rail onto a normal road. Once on a road, the occupant would take over from the computer, and the RUF vehicle—the term comes from a Danish saying meaning to “go fast”—would become an electric car.Build a fast network of guideways in a busy city centre and people would have a strong incentive not just to use public RUF vehicles, but also to buy their own dual-mode vehicle. Commuters could drive onto the guideway, sit back and read as they are chauffeured into the city. At work, they would jump out, leaving their vehicles to parkthemselves. Unlike PRT, such a system could grow organically, as each network would serve a large area around it and people nearby could buy into it. And a dual-mode system might even win the support of car manufacturers, who could easily switch to producing dual-mode vehicles.Of course, creating a new transport system will not be cheap or easy. But unlike adding a dedicated bus lane here or extending the underground railway there, an innovative system such as Jensen’s could transform cities.And it’s not just a matter of saving a few minutes a day. According to the Red Cross, more than 30 million people have died in road accidents in the past century—three times the number killed in the First World War—and the annual death toll is rising. And what’s more, the Red Cross believes road accidents will become the third biggest cause of death and disability by 2020, ahead of diseases such as AIDS and tuberculosis. Surely we can find a better way to get around?Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1．City transport developed slower than other means of communication.A．真B．假C．Not Given正确答案：A解析：利用顺序性原则很容易定位到原文开头第一段。

剑桥雅思阅读真题解析(推荐3篇)

剑桥雅思阅读真题解析（推荐3篇）1.剑桥雅思阅读真题解析第1篇Passage 1Question 1难度及答案：难度低;答案为iv关键词：time and place定位原文：A段最后两句“Why did this…of the 18th century?”为何这个独特的大爆炸——能带来世界性的变化的工业革命——偏偏就发生在英国?为何这个革命又偏偏在18世纪末?解题思路：A 段中提到了 happen in Britain 以及 at the end of thel8th century, 与iv 选项当中的time和place是对应的关系。

Question 2难度及答案：难度低;答案为viii关键词：conditions required定位原文：B 段第 2 句“There are about 20 different…he ” 他说：“大约有 20种不同的因素，而且所有的这些因素在工革命发生之前就已存在。

”解题思路：B段中主要论述的是工业革命在英国发生的前提条件，与其他不同的国家做出了对比。

Question 3难度及答案：难度低;答案为vii关键词：Two keys定位原文：C 段第 2 句“Tea and beer, two fuelled the ” 茶和啤酒，这两种在全国最受欢迎的饮料，就是工业革命的导火线。

解题思路：C段主要论述的是茶和啤酒在英国工业革命当中的作用。

Question 4难度及答案：难度低;答案为i关键词：reasons, an increase in population定位原文：D段第4、6句“But then there possible ” 但是在那时(18世纪中期)，英国的人口是爆发增长的……人们觉得有四种原因是导致这种现象发生。

解题思路：D段主要论述英国人口快速增长的背后潜在原因。

Question 5难度及答案：难度低;答案为vi关键词：Changes, drinking habits定位原文：E段第4、9、10句“Some digging it suddenly dropped ”一些历史记录揭示了当时水污染疾病的发生率发生了改变，特别是痢疾……穷人因此转向喝水和松子酒，在18世纪20年代人口的死亡率又开始上升。

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雅思阅读真题附答案及解析雅思阅读是考试中相对较难的一部分，因此熟悉真题并且进行详细的答案解析是备考中不可或缺的一部分。

本文将为大家提供一些常见的雅思阅读真题，并附有详细的答案解析，希望能够帮助大家更好地备考雅思阅读。

第一篇：自然保护
雅思阅读真题：
自然保护是环保运动的一个重要方面。

自然保护旨在保护现有的生态系统，维护生物多样性和自然资源。

以下是一些常见的自然保护措施：1）建立自然保护区，2）限制猎捕和采集行为，3）推广可持续发展。

请根据以上内容回答以下问题：
1. 自然保护的目标是什么？
答案解析：
自然保护的目标是保护现有的生态系统，维护生物多样性和自然资源。

2. 列举一些常见的自然保护措施。

答案解析：
常见的自然保护措施包括建立自然保护区、限制猎捕和采集行为、推广可持续发展等。

雅思阅读真题：
气候变化是当前全球性的环境问题。

以下是一些与气候变化相关的重要信息：1）二氧化碳排放是主要的温室气体，2）气温升高会导致海平面上升，3）气候变化会影响农业生产，4）可再生能源是应对气候变化的一种重要方法。

请根据以上内容回答以下问题：
1. 什么是主要的温室气体？
答案解析：
主要的温室气体是二氧化碳。

2. 气温升高会导致哪个现象发生？
答案解析：
气温升高会导致海平面上升。

3. 气候变化对什么方面的影响比较大？
答案解析：
气候变化对农业生产有较大影响。

4. 应对气候变化的一种重要方法是什么？
答案解析：
应对气候变化的一种重要方法是利用可再生能源。

雅思阅读真题：
科学技术在现代社会中起着重要的作用，对人类的生活产生了巨大的影响。

以下是一些与科学技术相关的重要信息：1）互联网的出现改变了信息传播的方式，2）生物技术可以用于治疗疾病，3）人工智能正在逐渐应用于各个领域，4）科学技术的发展带来了各种新的职业。

请根据以上内容回答以下问题：
1. 互联网的出现改变了什么？
答案解析：
互联网的出现改变了信息传播的方式。

2. 生物技术可以用于解决什么问题？
答案解析：
生物技术可以用于治疗疾病。

3. 人工智能正在逐渐应用于哪些领域？
答案解析：
人工智能正在逐渐应用于各个领域。

4. 科学技术的发展对就业市场有什么影响？
答案解析：
科学技术的发展带来了各种新的职业。

总结：
本文通过提供三篇雅思阅读真题及其答案解析，希望能够帮助大家
更好地理解和应对阅读部分的考题。

在备考过程中，多做真题，并仔
细分析答案解析，可以提升阅读理解能力和解题速度，为雅思考试取
得更好的成绩打下坚实基础。

祝愿大家都能在雅思考试中取得好成绩！。

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雅思(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析)

剑桥雅思阅读真题解析(推荐3篇)

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