综合检测·知能升级()

综合检测·知能升级()
综合检测·知能升级()

综合检测·知能升级()

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综合检测·知能升级

1.中新网2012年2月21日报道,考古学家在西伯利亚科雷马河的永冻层中发现了一枚封冻3万年的种子,并用这枚种子种出了一棵水果树苗,这是到目前为止复活的最古老的种子。关于种子在永冻层中未萌发的原因,解释错误的

是( )

A.缺乏充足的氧气

B.缺乏适宜的温度

C.缺乏一定的水分

D.缺乏充足的光照

2.(2012·枣庄模拟)我们在吃熟玉米时,常会掉下来一些发白的“小东西”,其实那就是玉米种子的胚。若将玉米种子的胚种到地里,却不能萌发,原因是

( ) A.胚不完整 B.胚已死亡

C.在休眠期内

D.无供胚发育的营养物质

3.将颗粒饱满的种子分为甲、乙两组,在25 ℃左右温度分别播种,甲组种在潮湿肥沃的土壤里,乙组种在潮湿贫瘠的土壤里,这两组种子发芽的情况是( )

A.乙先发芽

B.甲先发芽

C.同时发芽

D.都不发芽

4.将绿豆和大米种在温暖、湿润、水分充足的土壤中。过一段时间,能长出幼苗的是( )

A.绿豆和大米都能

B.绿豆和大米都不能

C.绿豆不能,大米能

D.绿豆能,大米不能

5.(2012·新泰模拟)水稻种子萌发时,提供营养的结构是( )

A.子叶

B.胚乳

C.胚芽

D.胚根

6.某生物兴趣小组的同学做了“探究玉米种子萌发的环境条件”的实验。在甲、乙、丙、丁四个广口瓶底部分别放上纱布,再将相同数量的玉米种子放在上面,在不同条件下进行培养,数周后记录发芽情况如下:

下列关于实验的叙述正确的是( )

A.丙装置可作为甲装置的对照

B.丁装置证明适宜的温度是种子萌发的环境条件

C.甲、乙对照可知适量的水分是种子萌发的环境条件

D.本实验证明种子的胚完整而且有活力是种子萌发的自身条件

7.(2012·聊城模拟)在蚕豆根尖上画上等距离的细线,培养一段时间就会发现细线之间距离最大的是( )

A.根冠

B.分生区

C.伸长区

D.成熟区

8.将两株同样大小的玉米幼苗,分别放在盛有等量蒸馏水和土壤浸出液的试管中培养。两周后现象如图,说明植物生活需要( )

A.水

B.无机盐

C.阳光

D.温度

9.根尖分生区细胞的特点是( )

A.细胞体积小,细胞核小

B.细胞体积大,细胞核大

C.细胞体积大,细胞核小

D.细胞体积小,细胞核大

10.在农田种植棉花时,要适时摘除主干上的顶芽,采取该项措施的主要目的是( )

A.使营养集中供给茎和叶

B.控制植株高度,防止倒伏

C.抑制侧芽的发育,多开花结果

D.促进多生侧枝,多开花结果

11.(2012·枣庄模拟)下列没有分生能力的结构是( )

A.根尖的分生区

B.枝芽的生长点

C.根尖的伸长区

D.杨树的形成层

12.如图所示为草莓的繁殖,当草莓生长良好时,会生出一种藤蔓,在藤蔓的端头又会生出新的小植株。当小植株长到3~4片叶子时,可以把它剪下,种在另

外的花盆中。草莓的这种生殖方式是( )

A.种子繁殖

B.扦插

C.嫁接

D.无性生殖

13.如图为绿豆种子萌发过程示意图,请据图回答问题:

(1)在绿豆种子萌发时吸收________,体积膨大,_______(生理活动)逐渐增强。

(2)贮存在绿豆种子_______里的营养物质逐步分解,转化为可以被细胞吸收利用的物质,输送给胚根、胚轴和_______。

(3)随后,胚根发育成_______,________发育成茎和叶。

(4)绿豆种子结构中能发育成幼苗的结构是_______。

(5)播种时常选用籽粒饱满的种子,以保证种子萌发过程中________的供给。14.以下是绿色植物受精过程、种子、芽和植株结构示意图,根据图示回答问题:

(1)绿色植物发育的起点——受精卵是在图一③_______中形成的,受精卵发育成胚,胚的组成包括__________________(选填图二中的序号)。

(2)种子萌发时,胚芽发育成茎和叶,图三中的c发育形成______________(选填图四中的字母)。

(3)春天到来新芽绽放,绿色植物的芽不一定都发育成枝条,有的芽发育成

_______(选填图四中的字母)。

15.用甲、乙两个广口瓶(甲广口瓶盛土壤浸出液,乙广口瓶盛蒸馏水),各培养一株大小相同的健壮幼苗。两周后观察两株幼苗的长势,结果甲广口瓶中的幼苗生长健壮,而乙广口瓶中的幼苗矮小、叶片发黄(如图所示)。请回答:

(1)分析实验现象得出的结论是________。

(2)如果想证明植物的生长需要含氮的无机盐,你在设计实验时,则需在上述实验的基础上进行改进,应在甲广口瓶中盛________,在乙广口瓶中盛________。

(3)在进行实验的过程中,为了防止植物烂根,应该做的是________,因为植物的根需要进行_________。

(4)不同植物或同种植物的不同生长时期所需无机盐的种类和数量不同,因此可以根据植物生长的需要配制营养液来栽培植物,这种技术叫________。

16.在探究水对种子萌发的影响时,A、B两组同学分别进行了如下实验设计(如图所示):

(1)本实验的变量是__________________。

(2)你认为A、B两组同学的设计是否科学严密?请简要说明理由。

A组:______________________________________________________________。B组:______________________________________________________________。

(3)除了上述的探究问题,就影响种子萌发的外部条件,你还能够提出其他可以探究的问题吗?____________________________________________________?

答案解析

1.【解析】选D。本题结合实例考查种子萌发需要的外界条件。种子的萌发需要具备适量的水分、充足的空气和适宜的温度等环境条件。种子在永冻层中,隔绝了与空气的接触,缺乏适宜的温度及水分,因而不能萌发。种子的萌发一般不受光照的影响。

2.【解析】选D。本题主要考查种子萌发的自身条件。种子萌发的自身条件是需要完整的、有活力的胚以及供胚发育的营养物质,只把种子的“胚”种下去,

没有供胚发育的营养物质,所以无法萌发。

3.【解析】选C。种子的萌发既受环境条件(温度、水分和空气)的影响,又受自身条件(胚是活的、结构完整、度过休眠期)的影响,与土壤的肥沃程度无关;甲、乙两组种子都满足了种子的萌发条件,因此,都能萌发且萌发时间相同。

【误区警示】种子的萌发与土壤的肥沃程度无关

本题的易错点是容易受“植物的生活需要无机盐”的影响。肥沃的土地比贫瘠的土地含的无机盐多,生长在肥沃土地中的植物比生长在贫瘠土地中的植物长势好。因此会错误地认为播种在肥沃土地中的种子萌发得快。

种子萌发需要的营养物质来自于种子内部存储的营养物质,适量的水分、充足的空气、适宜的温度是影响种子萌发的外界因素。外界土壤中无机盐的多少对种子的萌发没有影响,在相同适宜外界条件下,同时播种在肥沃土地和贫瘠土地中的种子同时萌发。

4.【解析】选D。本题主要考查种子萌发的自身条件。种子萌发的自身条件是有完整的、有活力的胚以及供胚发育的营养物质,绿豆是完整的种子,条件适宜的情况下能萌发;大米是水稻种子加工而成的,在加工过程中胚已被破坏,即使外界条件适宜也不能萌发。

5.【解析】选B。本题主要考查种子萌发时营养物质的获得。水稻是单子叶植物,其营养物质储存在种子的胚乳内,种子萌发时所需要的营养是由胚乳提供的。

6.【解析】选C。本题考查对照实验的设计。设计对照实验要把握控制单一变量的原则。丙装置与甲装置存在温度和水分两个变量,不能作为对照;丁装置由于缺少空气,种子不萌发,同时通过该装置也不能证明适宜的温度是种子萌发的环境条件;甲、乙装置只存在水分这个变量,构成对照,能说明一定的水分

是种子萌发的环境条件;本实验中探究的是环境条件对种子萌发的影响,不能说明种子萌发的自身条件。

7.【解析】选C。本题主要考查根尖的结构和生长。根尖的结构包括根冠、分生区、伸长区和成熟区,根的生长主要依靠分生区细胞的分裂和伸长区细胞的迅速伸长,生长最快的地方是伸长区。

8.【解析】选B。植物的生长需要多种无机盐,其中需要量最多的是含氮的、含磷的和含钾的无机盐。甲图为蒸馏水,不含无机盐,玉米苗的长势较差;乙图为土壤浸出液,含多种无机盐,玉米苗长势较好。甲、乙两图对比说明植物的生活需要无机盐。

9.【解析】选D。本题主要考查根尖分生区细胞的特点。分生区细胞具有旺盛的分裂增生能力,细胞体积小,细胞核大。

10.【解析】选D。在植物的生长发育过程中,顶芽生长旺盛时,侧芽的生长就会受到抑制,这种现象叫做顶端优势。种植棉花时,适时摘除主干上的顶芽,能打破顶端优势,使侧芽不再受抑制,从而促使棉花多生侧枝、多开花结果。

11.【解析】选C。本题主要考查根尖和枝芽的结构。根尖的结构中,分生区细胞具有旺盛的分裂增生能力,属于分生组织;枝芽的生长点细胞能分裂和分化产生新的芽结构,属于分生组织;杨树的形成层细胞可以不断分裂增生,属于分生组织;伸长区细胞停止分裂,开始伸长,不是分生组织。

12.【解析】选D。本题主要考查草莓的繁殖。种子的形成过程中有两性生殖细胞的结合,用种子繁殖的方式属于有性生殖;植物用根、茎、叶等营养器官进行的繁殖属于无性生殖。草莓用茎繁殖就属于无性生殖。

13.【解析】本题主要考查种子萌发的条件和过程。(1)种子萌发时,吸水膨胀,

种皮变软,呼吸作用逐渐增强,将贮存在子叶或胚乳内的营养物质分解转化。(2)绿豆属于双子叶植物,营养物质贮存在子叶中,种子萌发时,子叶内的营养物质被分解转化为可以被细胞吸收利用的物质,输送给胚根、胚轴和胚芽。(3)种子萌发初期,胚根生长最快,首先突破种皮发育成根,随后胚轴伸长,胚芽突破种皮发育成茎和叶。(4)胚根发育成根,胚芽发育成茎和叶,胚轴发育成连接根和茎的部位,通过这个过程,种子的胚就发育成了幼苗。(5)农业生产上,播种时常常选用籽粒饱满、完好无损的种子,以保证种子萌发时营养物质的供给。

答案:(1)水分呼吸作用(2)子叶胚芽

(3)根胚芽(4)胚(5)营养物质

14.【解析】本题主要考查绿色植物受精过程、种子的结构以及芽的结构和发育。解答本题的关键是正确认识图中各结构的名称。

(1)图二中①是胚芽,②是子叶,③是种皮,④是胚轴,⑤是胚根,①②④⑤组成了胚,胚是新植物体的幼体。

(2)图三中的a是幼叶,b是芽原基,c是芽轴,幼叶发育成叶,芽轴发育成茎,芽原基发育成侧芽。

(3)绿色植物的芽分为花芽、枝芽和混合芽,其中的花芽发育成花,枝芽发育成茎和叶,混合芽既发育成花,也发育成叶。

答案:(1)胚珠①②④⑤

(2)C (3)A、B(或任写A、B其中一个)

15.【解析】本题主要考查根对无机盐的吸收。(1)甲、乙两广口瓶中的植物幼苗形成一组对照实验,变量是无机盐,根据甲广口瓶中的幼苗生长健壮,而乙广

口瓶中的幼苗矮小、叶片发黄的现象可得出结论:植物的生长需要无机盐。(2)如果想证明植物的生长需要含氮的无机盐,则设计的对照实验的变量应是含氮的无机盐,应在甲广口瓶中盛含有含氮的无机盐的土壤浸出液,乙广口瓶中盛不含氮的无机盐的土壤浸出液。(3)植物的根要进行呼吸作用,需要空气,为防止溶液中的根腐烂,应定时向溶液中充空气。(4)依据植物生长所需无机盐的种类和数量的多少,将无机盐按照一定的比例配成营养液,用营养液来培养植物的技术叫无土栽培。

答案:(1)植物的生长需要无机盐

(2)含有含氮的无机盐的土壤浸出液不含氮的无机盐的土壤浸出液

(3)定时向溶液中充空气呼吸作用(4)无土栽培

16.【解析】(1)分析实验中的装置可知本实验的变量是水分。

(2)A组同学虽设置了对照实验,但对照组与实验组中种子的数量不相等,B组缺少对照实验。因而,A组和B组同学的设计都不科学严密。

(3)除了上述探究问题,我们还可以提出影响种子萌发的其他外部条件,如温度、光照等。

答案:(1)水分

(2)A组:不严密,对照组与实验组中种子的数量不同

B组:不科学,没有设置对照实验

(3)温度影响种子的萌发吗(或空气对种子的萌发有影响吗或阳光对种子的萌发有影响吗)

牛津译林版八年级英语下册知能综合检测试题Units 5-6(有答案解析)

牛津译林版八年级英语下册知能综合检测试题 Units 5-6 (45分钟100分) Ⅰ. 单项选择(30分) 1. People all over the world are thankful _______ the Red Cross. A. for B. with C. to D. by 2. The organization is _______ our club and it _______ last year. A. a part of; is set up B. part of; is set up C. a part of; was set up D. part of; was set up 3. Although the room is small, it is comfortable _______. A. live in B. to live in C. to live D. live 4. We are _______ that we helped _______ people. A. pride; so many B. pride; so much C. proud; so many D. proud; so much 5. It’s _______ noisy here _______ I can’t hear you clearly. A. very; because B. because; that C. such; that D. so; that 6. _______ is a beautiful dream _______ Mandy to learn about being a teacher. A. It; for B. This; to C. It; of D. That; for 7. He used _______ on the right in China, but he soon got used _______ on the left in England.

综合检测·知能升级 第四章

温馨提示: 此套题为Word版,请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴,调节合适的观看比例,答案解析附后。 综合检测·知能升级 一、单项选择题 1.某乡人口为5万人,2011年人口出生率为1.2%,人口死亡率为0.6%。则该乡这一年自然增长的人口为() A.900人 B.1 500人 C.300人 D.1 600人 2.下图中a点表示某个国家的人口出生率和死亡率,该国最有可能位于() A.欧洲西部 B.撒哈拉以南的非洲 C.亚洲的南部 D.拉丁美洲 3.下列表格中的资料显示,人口密度最大的国家是() 国家日本美国蒙古澳大利亚面积/万平方千米37.8 937 156.6 768 人口/万人12 700 28 200 236 1 918 A.日本 B.美国 C.蒙古 D.澳大利亚

4.世界人口稠密的地区有() ①亚马孙河流域②尼罗河流域 ③长江流域④恒河流域 A.①③ B.③④ C.②③ D.①④ 5.下列四个地区中,以白色人种为主、人口自然增长率最低的地区是() A.撒哈拉以南的非洲 B.东南亚 C.东亚 D.欧洲西部 6.世界上使用人数最多和使用范围最广的语言分别是() A.英语和阿拉伯语 B.汉语和西班牙语 C.汉语和英语 D.俄语和英语 7.下列关于世界居民的说法,正确的是() A.白色人种都信奉基督教 B.发达国家人口增长快 C.世界人口增长最快的大洲人口稠密 D.黑色人种主要分布在非洲中部和南部 8.右图所示建筑,属于哪种宗教的代表性建筑() A.基督教 B.伊斯兰教 C.佛教 D.犹太教

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