英美概况-期末作业

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西安邮电期末英美概况

西安邮电期末英美概况The Final Examination Paper for the Course of “An Introduction to the Society and Culture of Major English-speakingCountries”I．Fill in the blanks (20 points)1.Britain consists of (1) nations, including England, (2) , (3) , and (4) .2. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was (5) of 1916, in which the rebels occupied Dublin’s (6) and forced the British to take it by military mean s.3. The U.S. federal government consists of the following three branches: the (7) , the (8) and the (9) .4. A government in Britain cannot stand for longer than (10) years except in exceptional circumstances.5. (11) was not conquered by the Romans, nor was it conquered by Anglo-Saxons.6. The UK economy can be broken down into three main areas: (12) industries, (13) industries and (14) industries. In Pharmaceuticals, the British company GlaxoWellcome is the biggest (15) company in the world. ICI is the second largest (16) manufacturer in the world.7. (17) set up the colony of Pennsylvania in America. (18) set up the colony of Maryland.8. One of the developments brought about by the Industrial Revolution in America is the emergence of new forms of business organizations, notably the (19) and the (20) .II. Choose the correct answer from each of the following, and write down the corresponding letter in the brackets. (20 points)( )1. Which of the following statements about the UK economy is NOT true?(A)Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.(B)Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.(C)There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.(D)Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.( )2. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?(A) beef cattle (B) diary cattle(C) chicken (D) sheep( )3. The “American system” of mass production was first used in .(A)car industry (B) textile industry(C) firearms industry (D) agriculture( )4. The latest technology that American farmers have adopted is .(A)artificial fertilizers(B) pesticide(C) tractors (D) computers( )5. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election in Great Britain?(A)members in the house of Commons(B)Lords in the House of Lords(C)the UK citizens above the age of 18(D)the UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic( )6. Who is the last leader of the Labor party in Great Britain at present?(A)John Major (B) T ony Blair(C)Harold Wilson (D) Margaret Thatcher( )7.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except .(A)challenging the authority of the Pope(B)salvation through faith(C)salvation through the church(D)establishing a direct contact with God( )8.Both public and private universities in the United States depend on the following sources of income except .(A) investment (B) student tuition(C) endowments (D) government funding( )9.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?(A)elementary school, grammar school(B)elementary school, junior high school(C)elementary school, secondary school(D)junior high school, senior high school( )10.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by .(A)teachers (B) students(C) headmasters (D) boards of educationIII. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What are the major invasions in the British history? (8 points)2. What are the three major national parties in Great Britain? And what are the two major political parties in the U.S.? (5 points)3. Who cannot vote in the general election in the U.K.? (4 points)4. What is the background in the 16th and 17th centuryEurope against which the colonists began to set up permanent settlements in North America? (6 points)IV. Matching (10 points)The left column is a list of people’s names, and the right one is some information about these people. Match them and write down the letter of the information on the line before the names.1. Rober t Burns a. the UK’s first woman Prime Minister and the formerleader of the Conservative Party2. King Harold b. the king of England in the 5th century and united theBritish and drove the Saxons back3. William Penn c. the leader of the SCLC during the civil rights move-ment of the 1960s in the U.S.4. Lord Baltimore II d. an outlaw who hid himself in the forest and robbedfrom the rich to give the poor5. Richard Nixon e. the Saxon king who was defeated and killed in thebattle of Hasting in 10666. Robin Hood f. a poet who wrote in Scots dialect and the author of“Auld Land Syne”7. King Arthur g. a legal political party in Northern Ireland whichsupports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland8. Margaret Thatcher h. the founder of the colony of Maryland9. Martin Luther King, Jr. i. the former President of the U.S., who was involvedin the Watergate scandal10. Sinn Fein j. the man who set up the colony of PennsylvaniaV. Write an essay of about 300 words choosing from one of the following topics. (27 points) 1. Make a comparison between the British educational system and the American educational system.2. What are the reasons for the success of the American economy?3. What are the reasons for the problem in Northern Ireland?4. What do you think is the relationship between English language learning and culture study? What can you learn from this course?。

英美概况试题

英美概况试题I. Multiple Choice1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in_____. A. 1620 B. 1607 C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____. A. Maryland B. South Carolina C. Delaware D. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774. A. Philadelphia B. Boston C. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in_____. A. 1776, 1784 B. 1775, 1783 C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____. A. Gettysburg B. Pittsburgh C. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence. A. New York B. Saratoga C. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791. A. the Bill of Rights B. the Articles C. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia14. The pamphlet “Common Sense” was written by _____.A. Thomas EdisonB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____. A. the “Intolerable Acts” B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____. A. abolishing the Sedition Act B. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in_____. The U.S. won the war. A. 1812, 1814 B. 1813, 1815 C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of theentire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/319. In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of _____.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin20. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____. A. 50, 1781 B. 13, 1781 C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington’s administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston22. It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people. A. Alexander Hamilton B. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington23. _____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington. A. John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. James Madison24. The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A. James MadisonB. James MonroeC. John Adams25. The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance’s program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance26. _____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A. John AdamsB. Andrew JacksonC. Andrew Johnson27. _____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska. A. Douglas Bill B. Monroe Doctrine C. SeditionAct28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declaredthe abolition of slavery. A. Homestead Bill B. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War. A. Bull Run B. Gettysburg C. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____in 1898. A. Britain B. France C. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32. In 1918 President _____ issued the “Fourteen Points”.A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding33. Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Washington34. In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world. A. first B. second C. third35. McCarthy was notorious for his harsh _____ persecution of the progressive people. A. religious B. spiritual C. political36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____. A. blacks B. Indians C. progressive people37. On August 14, 1914, the U.S. and Britain issued a joint communiqué called _____. A. the Teheran Declaration B. the Atlantic CharterC. the Washington Proclamation38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called “_____”, invadingChina by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the_____. A. Axis, Allies B. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI. A. 33 B. 38 C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations. A. San Francisco B. New York C. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN. A. 48 B. 47 C. 4546. At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Casablanca47. In July 1945, Britain, the U.S. and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany. The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A. CairoB. TeheranC. PotsdamD. Quebec48. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919. A. Paris Treaty B. Versaills Treaty C. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference. A. Yalta B. Teheran C. Potsdam51. The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A. 1920B. 1918C. 191952. The U.S. Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____as its general secretary. A. Levestone B. William Foster C. Earl Browder53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to itsfoundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programme of 1947 that America would offer its moneysupplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____. A. 1939, 1945 B. 1937, 1943 C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____and _____. A. the Allies, the Axis Powers B. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones59. There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970’s.A. sixB. fiveC. seven60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called_____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighbourB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area. A. Midway Island B. Britain C. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon’s historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 197363. In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A. the Korean WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the US-Spanish War64. On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbour, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese65. The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence. A. 13 B. 50 C. 4866. The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard. A. the eastern B. the western C. the northern67. _____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A. The English KingB. the local governmentC. the local people68. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head. A. George Washington B. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B69. _____ was the British king when colonial Americans declaredtheir independence. A. King George I B. King George III C. King George II70. In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York71. President Nixon visited China in _____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197272. _____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession. A. Theodore Roosevelt B. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson73. The city’s name “Philadelphia” means _____.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy1. It was _____ who first discovered the America in 1492.2. The New World was named after _____ Vespucci.3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.4. The Indians living in America are all _____ skinned and dark-haired.5. The War of _____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.6. The First World War broke out on July 28th in _____.7. In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _____. 8. On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of_____ was accepted by the American Congress.9. The first English colony was _____.10. Lexington Fire was the _____ of the War of Independence.11. In 1803 the United States purchased Louisiana from _____.12. The U.S.- _____ War broke out in 1898.13. The Great Depression of 1929 - _____ shook the United States and the whole capitalist world to its foundation.14. The _____ _____ policy went into effect by the spring of 1947 when Truman Doctrine came forth.15. The Confederate Union of America consisted of _____ southern states. 16. During the Civil War Lincoln took two important measures, one was the _____ _____, the other was the _____ _____.17. By the end of _____ century, the U.S. had become the most powerful country in the world. 18. The U.S. bought the area of Alaska from _____ in 1867.19. The Constitution Convention lasted _____ weeks from May to September, _____. 20. The Constitution drawn up at the end of Independence War is called the _____ of the Confederation.21. The Constitution of _____ established the dictatorship of the America bourgeoisie big capitalists and big slave owners.22. The bourgeois democratic personages headed by Thomas Jefferson, were opposed to the Constitution. They were called _____.23. The people, headed by John Hamilton, who supported the Constitution of 1787, were called _____.24. During Washington’s administration Thomas Jefferson was appointed _____ of _____.25. The war with England between 1812-1814 was called the Second_____ of _____. 26. President John Q. Adams was the son of the _____ president, John Adams. 27. The forming of the _____ Alliance was to suppress the South American revolution. 28. Andrew Jackson was the first president who developed the power of _____ into one of the means of making laws.29. The first great tide from 1840 to 1860 in America was the _____ movement. 30. The famous novel “_____ _____ _____” by Mrs Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.31. A man named _____ _____ began a rising which aimed at solvingthe slavery trouble by force. 32. In _____ the first group of English colonists came to America.33. From 1863 to 1867 _____ Reconstruction dominated the reconstruction of the south. 34. With the passage of the military Reconstruction Act in March 1867 the power of Reconstruction of the south passed from president to the _____.35. The most notorious society which mainly persecuted the blacks was _____ _____ _____. 36. The _____ _____ Conference in 1919 was infact a meeting to divide the spoils and redivide the old colonies.37. The _____ Conference was the constitution of the Paris Peace Conference. 38. The _____ post-war economic crisis occurred from 1973 to 1975 was the most serious crisis. 39. The Communist Party of China sent _____ _____ _____ to attend the Conference of the founding of U.N. and signed the charter.40. The _____ Declaration was published at the Cairo Conference.41. The main force of the Japanese United Fleet was destroyed by America in the _____ _____ Battle.42. The _____ World War was a destructive war and an anti-fascist war.43. The _____ Programme was successfully carried out in 1969 and two American astronauts landed on the moon.44. After WWII the _____ _____ emerged on the scene and containment of Communism became the basis of the American foreign policy.45. The source of WWII in Europe came from _____.46. The direct cause that the U.S. entered WWII was the Japanesesu dden raid of the US’s naval base at _____ _____.47. In 1939 Germany first launched the lightening attack on _____ and England and _____ then declared war on Germany.48. The dropping of the two atom bombs by America forced _____ to surrender unconditionally. 49. The second post-war crisis occurred during 1953 and 1954 was caused by the _____ War. 50. It was president _____ who moved toward improving relations with China. 51. America participated in the Second World War in the year _____.52. In _____ China and U.S.A. normalized their relationship.53. The outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement was __________ _____. 54. _____ _____ uprising in 1859 helped the outbreak of the Civil War.55. “I know not what course others may take, but for me, g ive me liberty or give me death.” This was said by _____ _____.II. Define the Following Terms1. The Boston “Tea Party”2. The Westward Movement3. The Civil Rights Movement4. The Atlantic Charter5. The “Open Door Policy”6. The Cairo Declaration7. The Marshall PlanI. BDBBA ABCBA AABBC CABAB AABAA BABBC AABAC ABABCCBCAA BCABA CBABC CABAC ABACA AABBA CCAII.1. Columbus Amerigo Magellan red Independence 1914 Mayflower Independence Virginia prelude France Spanish 1933 Cold War 11 Homestead Bill, Emancipation Proclamation 19th Russia 13, 1787 Articles 1787 anti-federalist Federalists Secretary, State War, Independence second Holy veto Westward Uncle Tom’s Cabin John Brown 1607 Presidental Congress Ku Klux Klan Paris Peace Washington sixth deputy Dong Biwu Cairo Midway Island Second Apollo Communist Party Germany Pearl Harbour Poland Japan Korean Nixon 1941 1979 Martin Luther King John Brown Patrick Henry1. The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President2. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 33. The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagle4. _____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. Congress5. The symbol of the US Republic Party is _____.A. tigerB. elephantC. donkey6. The political system of the US is based on the following except _____. A. federalism B. the constitutional monarchyC. the separation of powersD. respect for the constitutionE. the rule of law7. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____. A. the legislative B. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive8. The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____. A. the size of the area B. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealth9. The Democratic Party of America was founded in _____.A. 1845B. 1828C. 178710. There are _____ departments in American Government.A. 13B. 14C. 1511. The law-making or the legislative body in the government is_____. A. the Supreme Court B. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the president’s committee12. All states in America have the legislative branch of two houses except the state _____.A. NebraskaB. NevadaC. Oregon13. In each state there are about _____ counties on average.A. 30B. 50C. 6014. The members in the Senate must be at least _____ years old and those in the Representative _____ years old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 2515. The tenure of office of federal judges is _____ years long.A. 8B. for lifeC. 516. The Democratic and the Republican Parties gradually lost their differences after _____. A. 1865 B. 1860 C. 187017. There are _____ presidential electors for all the states.A. 535B. 100C. 538D. 43518. The Federal Government and the states governments are supposedto _____ each other. A. guide B. control C. keep independence from19. If the president wants to put a treaty into effect, he has toget the approval by two thirds of the _____.A. SenateB. CabinetC. CongressI. Fill in the Blanks1. Only the _____ _____ has the right to interpret the constitution.2. There are _____ voting members in the House of Representatives.3. Each of the fifty states of US elects _____ senators.4. There are _____ judges in the Supreme Court of America.5. The first ten amendments added to the constitution in 1791 was called the _____ _____ _____.6. The Federal Constitution consists of_____ articles and _____ amendments. 7. The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and this is called the “System of _____ and _____”.8. The _____ determines the government and divides the power of the government into three branches.9. The official presidential residence is the _____ _____.10. _____ is the only way in which the president can legally be removed from office. 11. In 1974 President _____ was impeached and he resigned his office before a trial could take place.12. The parties in the US choose all their candidates for election, except for president, as “_____ _____”.13. In American history _____ presidents have been assassinated.14. The president who was first assassinated in 1865 was _____ _____.15. The American Congress is made up of two houses: the _____ andthe House of _____. 16. In the US the chief function of _____ is to make laws.17. The Democratic Party grew out of the _____.18. There are _____ persons in the Jury.19. There are _____ members in the Senate.20. The head of he House of Representatives is called the _____.21. According to the _____, the president should be a citizen bornin the US territory. 22. The two main parties are the Democratic and the _____ Party.II. Explain the Following Terms1. FBI2. The President-electIII. Answer the Following Questions1. What is the role of the US congress? What is the criticism of the Congress in the AmericanPress?2. What are the main features of the State government? I.ABABB BBBBA BACBB ACCAII.1. Supreme Court 435 2 9 Bill of Rights 7, 26 Checks, Balance Constitution White House Impeachment Nixon primary election 4 Abraham Lincoln Senate Congress Anti-Federalism 12 100 Speaker Constitution Republican1. The popular kind of family in America is _____ family. A. nucleusB. looseC. largeD. blend2. Americans like the following attitudes except _____. A.informality B. personal dignity C. equalityD. franknessE. consideration for others3. Thanksgiving Day is originated in _____.A. EnglandB. AmericaC. ScotlandD. Canada4. The largest Protestant group in America is known as _____. A. the Latter-day Saints B. BaptistsC. MethodistsD. Quakers5. Marriage in America is considered _____.A. more important to the parentsB. a pure religious affairC. rather burdensomeD. a pure individual matter 6. _____ American young people live independently after marriage. A. Half B. Most C. Some7. The rate of divorce in America ranks _____ in the world. A. second B. third C. first D. fourth8. The black people usually have _____ family.A. smallB. middle-sizedC. big9. The “senior citizens” in the social centres refer to _____.A. high officialsB. professorsC. presidentD. old people 10. The popular foods in America include the following except _____. A. hamburgers B. hot dogs C. bread D. rice11. People can usually get cheap meals in the following places except _____. A. snack bars B. cafeterias C. big restaurants D. coffee shops 12. Dining customs include the following except _____. A. being polite to ladies B. not staying too long after dinner C. being punctualD. using both hands13. Most Americans are _____ from different countries. A. blacks B. Indians C. emigrants D. immigrants14. BLT in America is a kind of _____.A. sandwichB. sauceC. butterD. vegetable15. Valentine’s Day falls on _____.A. July 4thB. March 21stC. February 14th16. On Easter Sunday people usually have lamb and ham as their main meat. For children lamb isthe symbol of _____.A. good luckB. the sacrifice of ChristC. the tomb from which Christ rose17. American Independence Day fall on _____.A. the 4th of JulyB. October 31stC. March 20th18. Halloween is a _____.A. summer festivalB. night-time festivalC. sweethearts’ holidayD. pilg rims holiday19. Over _____ of all American religious people are Protestants. A. half B. three fifths C. two thirds20. In Protestantism there are about _____ principal groups. A. 40 B.50 C. 60 D. 3021. There are two major denominations in America which are theresult of native developments.They are the following except _____.A. Christian ScienceB. MormonismC. UnitariansD. both A and B22. The characteristics of the American religion are the following except _____.A. wide variety of denominationsB. emphasis on social problemsC. separation of church and stateD. unity among the churches 23. In the US about _____ of all the property is in the possession of one-tenth of the population.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds24. Urban Hermits refer to _____.A. people who live in the remote placesB. people who live in mountains and forestsC. shopping-bag ladies in big cities25. A hamburger is usually made from _____.A. beefB. porkC. combination of beef and pork 26. In America snack bars and coffee shops are usually _____. A. cheap B. expensive C. formal27. The outstanding characteristic of American society is thediversity of _____.A. climateB. industryC. people28. Sometimes two couples go out together. This is known as _____. A. steady dating B. casual dating C. double dating D. blind dating 29. The popular American belief is _____.A. part-time workingB. self-made manC. manual labour 30. White-collar workers _____.A. have higher reputationB. get higher payC. may earn less than blue-collar workersD. both A and C 31. The black people usually have a _____ family and 1/3 of which are controlled by women.A. nucleusB. bigC. looseD. middle-sizedI. Fill in the Blanks1. A person who is employed to take care of children for a specific length of time while the parents are out is called a _____ _____.2. The rate of divorce in America ranks _____ in the world.3. A family composed of a father, a mother and two children is considered the _____ family.4. In order to solve the problem of the loneliness and uselessness for the aged, many communities and church group sponsor social centres which are called _____ centres.5. Today over _____ percent of all married women are active in community affairs.6. A hamburger is a kind of sandwich made with ground beef that is fried and put into a bun.7. A cheese burger is a hamburger with melted _____.8. The coffee without cream or sugar is called _____ coffee.9. To any black, the old term “_____” by which he is addressed is considered a great insult.10. Because of the existence of the nucleus family some of the old men and women suffered greatly from _____.11. In the 1960’s the “_____ _____” appeared among young people, such as living together beforemarriage.12. _____ is the most popular American drink.13. The most typical and true national holiday in the US is __________. 14. Americans have great admiration for the _____ man.15. American children suffer most for their parents’ _____.16. The American’s favourite meat i s _____.17. The peculiarity of American history made the American spirit of _____ come into being. This spirit is reflected in many aspects of American life.18. The fact that many citizens take drugs – heroin makes __________ the “City of Heroin”II. Answer the Following Questions1. What day in the US is the birthday of the nation?2. Who was Martin Luther King?3. What is the meaning of the saying “trick or treat”?4. What does Easter Sunday celebrate?5. What is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the US?ABBBD BCCDD CDCAC BABBD DDACA ACCCD B。

英国概况的期末结课作业

英国概况的期末结课作业Benefits from The Introduction to British CultureIn this semester, with the teacher’s help, I get to know quite many different aspects of English culture, which are very rewarding. And for me, the most attracting part is The Government of the United Kingdom. So next I will present what I’ve learnt from both the class and books.The British Government is composed of three tiers: the central government, the county government, and the district government. And the focal point is the structure of the central government. The central government of the UK is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the Parliament and the Cabinet.The participation of the monarch in government, a kind of formality and historical legacy, is limited by the constitution. It is for this reason that the British system of government is known as constitutional monarchy. British Parliament consists, technically, of the Crown, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons, which is the supreme legislature of the United Kingdom. The official head of the parliament is the Queen. The House of Lords is the highest court in the United Kingdom hearing civil and criminal appeals from the lower courts. The House of Commons, a representative assembly, is the main legislative chamber.The Prime Minister will choose his ministers from among the Members of Parliament.The Cabinet is the executive branch, and practices collective responsibility. This is the basic knowledge of British Central Government.In my view, it’s essential for our foreign English learners to learn with comparison, which can help us learned it with further understanding. In the United States, the most outstandingfeature is the Separation of Powers. The three elements that is the Congress, the president and the Supreme Court are separated from each other and check and balance with each other. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any branch from gaining too much power. To conclude, the government of the United States is a presidential government, while the government of the United Kingdom is a parliamentary government. I believe different history background may account for this. In United Kingdom, the power of the bourgeoisie in the capitalist revolution is limited. The implementation of constitutional monarchy is the product of compromise while the United States had no this problem and experienced a full bourgeois revolution, growing with strength.Meanwhile, I’d like to say something a bout the monarchy. Recently the British monarchy has attracted great attention of the public as for the Prince William's wedding. As is known, the cost of monarchy is very large and many citizens regard it as a burden for the tax payers or even the nation. So the appeal of abolish the monarchy is still there. However, it hasn’t been abandoned by her people. By searching the Internet, I’m convinced that its existence has magnificent meaning. Firstly, the Monarchy is the only unchangeable symbol of Empire of the sun never sets Britain, which demonstrates stability and continuity and represents the nation as a whole. Additionally, the queen doesn’t interference in the political affairs. Just on the contrary the monarchy can balance the situation and maintain the international status of the country. Because on the international stage, the queen is a tie between Commonwealth countries. Last but not in the list, the monarchy has taken activemeasures to keep pace with the current society. For instance,Princess Diana engaged herself in charity acting as "moral role models" and was greatly honored by British people. Under the influence of the tide of democracy, royal family publishes their annual spending bills which help them win many political points. So I find it safe to reach the conclusion that the monarchy has her existing significance in the long term.Then I’d like to talk about my feeling of having this class. No doubt, it’s beneficial for me. I started to learn English in my junior school and at that time the only pursue of learning English was to pass it with flying colors because I thought it was useless. Now I’ve on the university campus for two years, and from the beginning of my college life, my English teachers try to expose me in the real English learning circumstances. Gradually, my interest in English has developed and I’m eager to know more the background culture. Fortunately, The Introduction to British Culture helps fulfill my dream. In this class, with the help of the teacher and classmates, I clarify many vague and unclear facts and thoughts in a clear outline. The class came to an end. Nevertheless, I know the English learning way is still on. I’m confident that I will spare no effort。

英美概况复习题与参考答案

2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题1.Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain.For the sake of convenience, Great Britain is often shortened to Britain.2.United Kingdom is made up of four parts, England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthern Ireland.3.The island of Great Britain can be divided into two partsaccording to its geographic features: the Highland Zone in the north and west and the Lowland zone in the south and southeast.4.In America, The presiding officer of the senate is theVice-president of the United States who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.5.Britain did not produce cotton and textile industry usedto rely on wool as the principal fiber.6.In Britain, the city Birmingham is well known for itsproduction of automobiles, electricity equipment, electronics, munitions, and arms.7.British government is produced through contest betweentwo major political parties every five years8.British can enjoy higher education in three ways:Universities, polytechnics and Open Universities.9.Mainland America is situated in the southern part ofNorth America with two land Neighbors, Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.10.T he longest river in Britain is the Severn River ，whichruns 355 kilometers and empties into the Bristol Strait. 11.W hite House is the place where American President livesand works.12.B ritish’s population is overwhelmingly urban, with about90% living in urban areas and 10% living in rural areas.13.B ritain invented the locomotive and was the first countryto build a railway in the world in 1825.14.O ne of the most important US government principle is“Checks and Balances”.15.T he majority of the British people believe in Christianity,which is the religion of the followers of Jesus Christ. 16.T he most important and longest river running throughthe middle plain of America is Mississippi River.17.T he U.K. has two established churches: the Church ofEngland and the Church of Scotland.18.I mportant heavy industries in Britain includeshipbuilding and motor vehicle.19.Modern English is the official language of the UnitedKingdom as well as the first language of the vast majority 20. In Britain, the place where parliament has sessions in London is the Palace of Westminster.21. The US Congress has two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate comprises 100 Senators, two from each of the 50 states22. In early times, British nobility can be divided into upper nobility and lower nobility according to the amount of the land they possessed.23. In Britain, the nucleus of the government is known as the Cabinet , which is headed by the prime minister.24. In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political parties, and this is known as party politics.25. The US Constitution protects freedom of speech and freedom of the press so that common people can make their opinions known.26. The highest court in Britain is the Supreme Court.27. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, itbecomes known as a hung jury.28. The English legal profession is divided into two branches: solicitors and barristers .29. Britain was the first country to introduce a new economic system known as free enterprise.30. To meet the increasing need and protect environment, Britain has begun to develop some new energies, such as bio-fuels, deriving from waste and crops.31. Traditionally, the British culture has been characterized by its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.32. To the south of San Francisco locates a famous valley, named Silicon Valley, which has now become the center of America’s electronic industry.33. The Mississippi River Valley, also known as the _Central Plain_, consists of the large area between the Appalachian on the east and the Rocky Mountains on the west.34. Britain has traditionally been a manufacturing nation and was once known as the “ workshop of the world.”35. One of the most famous natural park in America, Yellow Stone National Park, is situated in the state Wyoming.36. Las Vegas, the most striking gambling city in America,completely relies on the water from the Colorado River. 37. Everything related with family life, including family meals, is regarded as privacy in Britain.38. The working class people usually have a “ high tea” with hot dishes at about 5 o’clock in the afternoon;39. The middle-class people normally have an early “light tea” at about 4 or 5 o’clock in the afternoon.40. Private schools in Britain are officially called independent schools because they are independent of the government.3.简答问题：（15题）➢简要回答下列问题：1.Why is America compared to a melting-pot?2.What are the characters of typical British people?3.Why do British people like to talk about weather somuch?4.What changes have taken place in British families? Whatare the possible causes for those changes?5.Who are the famous Queens in British history? Pleasewrite down their names.6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of JuryTrial?7.What are the popular festivals in America? Please list twoor three names of them.8.What is the function of monarch in Britain?9.Why is British government system called “ConstitutionalMonarchy”?10.P lease list some famous rivers in America.11.W hat measures can government take to adjust thedevelopment of economy?12.W hy do some Historians call black Americans “unwillingimmig rants”?13.W hat are the factors that can help you decide socialstatus of a man in British society?14.W hat are the spirits American People worship?15.H ow does American government system demonstrate theprinciple of “Checks and Balances”?2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题2、知识填空题：( 40题)1.Great Britain; Britain2.England; Wales; Northern Ireland3.Highland Zone; Lowland Zone4.Vice-president5.wool6.Birmingham7.five8.Universities; Open Universities9.Canada; Mexico10.S evern11.W hite House12.u rban; rural13.r ailway14.B alances15.C hristianity; Jesus Christ16.M ississippi River17.e stablished; England; Scotland18.s hipbuilding; motor vehicle production19.M odern English20.t he Palace of Westminster21.S enate; House of Representatives; 100; two22.u pper; lower23.C abinet24.p arties25.s peech; the press26.t he Supreme Court27.h ung28.s olicitors; barristers29.f ree30.b io-fuels31.d ecency32.S ilicon Valley33.C entral Plain; Appalachian; Rocky34.w orkshop35.W yoming36.L as Vegas37.p rivacy38.h igh39.l ight40.i ndependent4.简答问题：（15题）1.As immigrants from different regions and cultures cameto live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away, and they became part of the American culture.2.Traditionally, the British culture has been characterizedby its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.3.Because the weather in Britain is very changeable;moreover, as British people tend to avoid private topics, weather is considered to be a safe topic.4.Today, British women are no longer confined to trditionalhouse chores. Women employees can be found in almost every part of social life. They make up about 48% of the British labor force. Paid jobs meant independence for women,which finally led to changes in women’s social status.5.Mary ; Elizabeth I ; Victoria ; Elizabeth II6.7.The jury trial in Britain embodies some basic principle ofthe value cherished by the British people, such as the protection of individual rights. However, if the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, it becomes known as a hung jury. Then a new jury has to be formed, and a new trail is called.8.Christmas Day ; New Year’s Day ; Thanksgiving Day ;Independence Day ; Lincoln’s Birthday ; Halloween9.Over centuries in history, the English monarch personallycontrolled supreme executive, legislative, and judicial power. After the founding of the law court in the 12th century and Parliament in the 13th century, the direct exercise of these functions by the monarch graduallydecreased.10.O n the one hand, Monarch is the symbol of supremepower in Britain; on the other hand, the power of Monarch is limited by laws, and it has mainly advisory and ceremonial responsibilities, the real power is clenched by Prime Minister and parliament.11.t he Mississippi River , the Missouri River , the OhioRiver , the Tennessee River , the Colorado River , The Rio Grande River , the Potomac River , the Hudson River 12.1) Fiscal policy: increase/decrease tax rate;increase/decrease government budget.2) Monetary policy: increase/decrease interest rate; issuenational bond.12. Because they were victims of the traffic in slaves.13. wealth, clothes, accent, education, family background, gestures, social circle, profession…14. The spirits American People worship are supposed to include equality, freedom, hard work, self-reliance.15. 1) Executive branch can check legislative branch through:A. Bring up with BillsB. Deny BillsC. Implement policies2) Legislative branch can check executive branch through:A. Initiate revenue billB. Reject nominationC. InvestigationD. Impeachment3) Legislative branch can check judicial branch through:A. Appoint judgesB. Determine budgetC. Overthrow verdictD. Impeachment4) Judicial branch can check legislative branch through:A. Judicial review of ActsB. passed by congress5) Executive branch can check judicial branch through “appointing Judges on the advice of congress”.6) Judicial branch can check executive branch through “j udicial review of Executive action”.（写出任意三点可得满分）。

英美概况期末总结

英美概况期末总结History:The United States of America was founded in 1776, when thirteen British colonies declared their independence from Great Britain. This event, known as the American Revolution, marked the beginning of the United States as an independent nation. The country then expanded westward, acquiring more territory through various means, including negotiation, war, and purchase. The United States experienced rapid industrialization and became an economic powerhouse by the late 19th century. It played a major role in both World War I and World War II, emerging as a global superpower.The United Kingdom, on the other hand, has a much longer history. It traces its roots back to the formation of the Kingdom of England in the 10th century. Over the centuries, England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland were united under a single monarchy, creating the United Kingdom we know today. The United Kingdom played a dominant role in global affairs during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, establishing a vast empire that spanned the globe. However, the country experienced a decline in its global influence after World War II, with many former colonies gaining independence.Government:The United States is a federal republic with a presidential system of government. It is composed of fifty states, each with its own government, and a federal government based in Washington, D.C. The President is both the head of state and the head of government, elected for a four-year term. The United States has a two-party system, with the Democratic Party and the Republican Party being the two main political parties.The United Kingdom, on the other hand, is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. It is composed of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The monarch serves as the ceremonial head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The United Kingdom has a multi-party system, with the Conservative Party and the Labour Party being the two major political parties.Economy:The United States has the world's largest economy, with a diverse range of industries including finance, technology, entertainment, and manufacturing. It is known for its entrepreneurial culture and innovation, with many of the world's most successful companies being American. The United States has a market-oriented economy, with a strong emphasis on private enterprise and individual initiative.The United Kingdom also has a highly developed economy, with a strong emphasis on services such as finance, insurance, and tourism. It is known for its global financial center in London, which is one of the world's leading financial hubs. The United Kingdom has a mixed economy, with a combination of private enterprise and government intervention.Culture:The United States is often described as a melting pot, with a diverse population composed of people from all over the world. It is known for its cultural contributions in areas such as film, music, and literature. American culture is often associated with individualism, personal freedom, and the pursuit of the American Dream.The United Kingdom has a rich cultural heritage, with a long tradition of literature, art, and music. It is known for its iconic landmarks such as Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, and Stonehenge. The United Kingdom is often associated with a sense of tradition, formality, and a stiff upper lip.In conclusion, the United States and the United Kingdom are two nations that share a common language and history, but also have many differences. Both countries have had a significant impact on global affairs and continue to be major players on the world stage. Understanding the similarities and differences between these two nations allows for a greater appreciation of their unique contributions to the global community.。

英美概况期末考试题2010

英美概况期末考试题2010DO NOT WRITE ON THE EXAMMultiple Choice1. What are the 3 branches of US government?A. Executive, Legislative, JudicialB. Republican, Democratic, ConservativeC. President, Senators, RepresentativesD. Parliament, Queen, House of Lord2. Which of the following is NOT found in the United States?A. Appalachian MountainsB. Thames RiverC. Great LakesD. Niagara Falls3. Who was the first president of the United States?A. Barack ObamaB. George WashingtonC. George BushD. Abraham Lincoln4. Why was the Civil War fought?A. to free slavesB. For America’s independenceC. against KoreaD. to fight terrorism5. Which document is a letter to King George declaring America’s independence from Great Britain?A. ConstitutionB. Bill of RightsC. Magna CartaD. Declaration of Independence6. Which country is NOT a part of the United Kingdom?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. IrelandD. Northern Ireland7. What is the typical weather in the United Kingdom?A. tropicalB. rainyC. freezingD. sunny8. Which document limited the power of the king?A. constitutionB. Bill of RightsC. Magna CartaD. Declaration of Independence9. Which king or queen founded the Church of England?A. Henry VIIIB. Richard IIIC. Elizabeth ID. Victoria10. Who was the most loved king or quee n. This person ruled during the “Golden Age”.A. Henry VIIIB. Richard IIIC. Elizabeth ID. Victoria11. What is NOT a part of England’s political system?A. King / QueenB. RepublicansC. ParliamentD. Prime Minister12. What is the name of the American college entrance exam (similar to the Gao Kao)?A. SATB. GREC. MGMD. GSK13. Which holiday is celebrated to remember those who fought in wars?DO NOT WRITE ON THE EXAMA. Independence DayB. Labor DayC. Memorial DayD. Arbor Day14. During what period of time did blacks, women, and the disabled gain more rights and equality?B. Industrial RevolutionC. Jim Crowe EraD. Civil Rights Movement15. What is the name of the terrible disease that killed half of all British citizens beginning in the year 1348?A. Black PlagueB. Typhoid FeverC. Chicken PoxD. Ecoli Poisoning16. Queen Mary was bringing back what religion when she burned 300 people at the stake?A. JudiasimB. IslamC. CatholicismD. the Church of England17. Which of the following is NO T one of Parliament’s duties?A. Creates lawsB. Chooses a new king or queenC. Spends tax moneyD. Watches over the government18. Who decides who gets to work in the British government?A. The QueenB. The House of LordsC. The Prime MinisterD. The Senator19. How do private schools get money?A. from the governmentB. taxesC. they are given scholarshipsD. the students must pay20. Which holiday celebrates love?A. Valentine’s DayB. EasterC. Thanksgiving DayD. St. Patrick’s Day21. Which war had the US fighting against Russia for over 40 years?B. War of the RosesC. Civil WarD. War of Aggression22. When is Memorial Day?A. March 17B. July 4C. Fourth Thursday in NovemberD. Last Monday in May23. What is the capital of Scotland?A. CardiffB. LondonC. EdinburghD. Belfast24. What is the name of the longest river in the United States?A. ThamesB. MississippiC. SevernD. Missouri25. Who is the current queen of England?A. VictoriaB. MaryC. Elizabeth IID. Elizabeth IDO NOT WRITE ON THE EXAM26. Who is the head of the executive branch?A. the PresidentB. the RepresentativesC. CongressD. the Supreme Court Short Answer1. When each branch of government makes sure the other branches do not abuse or have too much power, what is this called?_______________________________________________________________________________2. Name 4 freedoms that Americans are guaranteed to have according to the Bill of Rights._________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Who constitutes Parliament?_________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Write 5 different ways to say hello_________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Write 5 different ways to say good-bye (DO NOT WRITE “See Ya” or “Bye-bye”!!)_________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are 3 symbols of Mardi Gras?_________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is/are the traditional color/s of Independence Day?_________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Name 5 bodies of water found throughout the United Kingdom._________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Name 5 things American colleges consider when deciding whether someone is accepted at that school:_________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. When soldiers returned home from World War II, there was a huge increase in the number of births. What is the name of that generation of people? __________________________________________________________ ESSAY (at least 10 sentences):Why is it important for Chinese students to learn about western culture?。

成人教育《《英美概况》试题》期末考试复习题及答案评分标准

邯郸学院2018级函授本科《英美概况》试题姓名学号成绩年级专业（本试卷满分100分，考试时间110分钟）一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1. The hugest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben Nevis.B. Cross FellC. SnowdownD. Scafell2. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth3. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois Revolution4. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all5. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry6. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive7. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas and the potatoesD. the egg and the rabbit8. The dominant ethnic group in the US is ____.A. the BlacksB. W ASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics9. The American Industrial Revolution began in 1807 with its ____ industry.A. shipbuildingB. coal-miningC. textileD. machine-making.10. The US imperialism was marked all of the following except ____.A. high developed industryB. high concentration of the capitalC. free business enterpriseD. overseas territorial expansion二、判断题（每小题1分，共10分）____ 1. The longest river in Britain is the Severn river.____ 2. The general election in America is held every 5 years.____ 3. With regard to its size, the USA is the fourth largest country in the world.____ 4. The House of Lord is the upper house of the British Parliament.____ 5. The established church of Britain is the Church of England.____ 6. Today about 90% of Americans are church members in the United States.____ 7. The American War of Independence started in 1775 and ended in 1783.____ 8. British Recorded history began with Roman invasion.____ 9. Under Mrs. Thatcher, British economy in 1980s gradually declined.____ 10. The colonial life can be described as easy.三、填空题（每空2分，共30分）1. Britain is separated from the European Continent by the North ______, the Strait of _________ and the English _________.2. Most of the British social customs are based on the __________ tradition.3. The Hundred Years’ War was between ___________ and ____________.4. __________ is the capital of England and of Great Britain, the political center of the Commonwealth.5. Renaissance was a ___________ movement that arose with the rise of the ____________.6. The United States of America is made up of ________states.7. The period of colonization covered the years from _________to_________, that is, from the first settlement of English colonists to the ____________of America.8. The distinctive feature of the American educational system is its “emphasis on education of the __________rather than on education of the ___________.”四、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1.Independent schools2.William the Conqueror3.Checks and balances4.the Bill of Rights五、问答题（每小题10分，共20分）1. What is a constitutional monarchy?2. What are the functions of Parliament?。

英美概况期末模拟题1及答案-推荐下载

一. 单项选择题 Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question：（20 points ） 1. Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called .a. Progressivismb. laissez fairec. New Freedomd. New Deal 2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December，1941.a. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland 3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as .a. Lord Protectorb. Lieutenant Generalc. Commander of the New Model Armyd. President 4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain.a. eastb. south C. west d. north 5. WASPs referred to .a. the mainstream Americansb. Hispanicsc. Asian-Americansd. Blacks 6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally ended . a. the immigration movement b. the Civil War c. the slave system d. the industrialization 7. About a hundred years ago，as a result of imperialist expansion，Britain ruled one fourth of the world people and of the world’s land area.a. one thirdb. one fifthc. one fourthd. tow fifths 8. The Celt’s religion was .a. Teutonic religionb. Christianityc. Druidismd. Buddhism 9. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of ，keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king 10. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the .a. the House of Lordsb. the House of Commonsc. the Privy Councild. the Shadow Cabinet 11. The English Renaissance was largely .a. religiousb. ideologicalc. philosophicald. literary 12. In the Industrial Revolution，changes occurred earliest and quickest in .a. hardwareb. textilec. potteryd. chemicals 13. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain ina. 200B. C.b. 55 B. C.c. 55 A. D.d. 410 A. D. 14. The Hundred Years’ War started in .a. 1733b. 1453c. 1337d. 1357 15. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s 16. The open declaration of the containment policy was made by on March 12，1949 in a speech to the joint session of Congress.a. President Rooseveltb. President Kennedyc. General Marshalld. President Truman 17. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1，200c. 1，198d. 763 18. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America 19. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions 20. At the beginning of the First World War，the United States pursued a policy of .a. containmentb. neutralityc. pro-Germany partialityd. pro-Ally partiality 二.是非题 Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（20 points ）（） 1. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution. （） 2. The stock market crash in 1929 was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S. （） 3. George Washington was the first president of the United States. （） 4. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution. （） 5. Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence，and on July 4，1776，the Congress adopted the declaration. （） 6. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire. （）7. The word English means “the language that belongs to the Angles.” （）8. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”. （）9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of 397 square kilometers. （）10. Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston. （）11. The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances. （）12. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England. （）13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious （）14. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords：the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. （）15. William，Duke of Normandy，founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as “Father of the British Navy.” （）16. Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots，the Irish and the Welsh people. （）17. After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britain’s first ever woman prime minister in 1979，she adopted a new program to cure the “British disease”. （）18. America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian，but a new continent. As a result，the new continent was named after him and became known as America. （）19. Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July 14，1776，a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States. （）20. When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London，the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in 1782. 三. 名词解释 Explain the following terms in English：（20 points） 1. The New Deal 2. counterculture movement 3. checks and balances 4. Constitutional monarchy 5. Emancipation Proclamation 四. 简答题 Give an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. （10 points ） 1. What is the longest river in Britain？ 2. How long did the Wars of the Roses go on？ 3. When did American Civil War break out？ 4. What were the mainstream Americans called？ 5. What does American Congress consist of？五.论述题 Write between 100-150 words on the following topic：（10 points ） Cold WarKey to Model 2 一. 1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccb 二. 1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFT 三. 1. It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system. 2. It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values，the aesthetic standards，the personal behavior. and the social relations of conventional society. 3. Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative，the executive and the judicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check，or block，the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”. 4. A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice，the Sovereign reigns，but does not rule. In English history，constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688. 5. On September 22，1862 during American Civil War，Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1，1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union. 四. 1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river. 2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years. 3. American Civil War began in 1861. 4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs. 5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives. 五. Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States，relying on its large economic and military strength，tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be nolong-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism，represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.。

《英美概况》复习题与参考答案

2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题1、正误判断题：( 40题)判断下列题目的正误：1.Ireland was an independent kingdom (F)2.State-run school in Britain is also called public ( F)3.Britain is an island country, with its coastline( T )4.Most British families are extended (F )5.Great B ritain’s coastline is highly regula ( F )6.Hispanics refers to the Spanish-speakin ( T )7.T o the north of Great Britain the seaway( T )8.Most Jews went to America during the (F)9.Most English weather experts find it (F)10.B oth Welsh and Scottish people are desc( T )11.N oble class has already disappeared in(F)12.N owadays, a majority of British ( F)13.N owadays, marriage is still ( T)14.T he development of Middle (T)15.L ike U.S.A, the United Kingdom ( T)16.L ondon, the capital of the UK ( F )17.A sian and black minorities ( F )18.T he Constitution of the ( T )19.E nglish people originate ( T)20.T he Supreme Court is (T)21.T he expansion of the British (T)22. Henry VI was responsible (F)23. In terms of structure, the(T)24. Britain was the first nation (T)25. Parliament is the supreme (F)26. Britain produced many great (F)27. The nationalized industries in (T)28. One of the basic principles of (T)29. Britain has more than 90 univers(F)30. Easter Day always arrives in (F)31. T o expand higher education (F)32. British universities generally (T)33. British universities, different (F)34. Most students, poor or rich, (F)35. In British legal system, (T)36. More than 81 Oxford math(F)37. Prime ministers from 1945( F)38. Nowadays, Thanksgiving Day (F)39. Easter Day is the second most (T)40. The life of congress is two years (F)1.Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain.For the sake of convenience, Great Britain is often shortened to Britain.2.United Kingdom is made up of four parts, England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthern Ireland.3.The island of Great Britain can be divided into two partsaccording to its geographic features: the Highland Zone in the north and west and the Lowland zone in the south and southeast.4.In America, The presiding officer of the senate is theVice-president of the United States who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.5.Britain did not produce cotton and textile industry usedto rely on wool as the principal fiber.6.In Britain, the city Birmingham is well known for itsproduction of automobiles, electricity equipment, electronics, munitions, and arms.7.British government is produced through contest betweentwo major political parties every five years8.British can enjoy higher education in three ways:Universities, polytechnics and Open Universities.9.Mainland America is situated in the southern part ofNorth America with two land Neighbors, Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.10.T he longest river in Britain is the Severn River ，whichruns 355 kilometers and empties into the Bristol Strait. 11.W hite House is the place where American President livesand works.12.B ritish’s population is overwhelmingly urban, with about90% living in urban areas and 10% living in rural areas.13.B ritain invented the locomotive and was the first countryto build a railway in the world in 1825.14.O ne of the most important US government principle is“Checks and Balances”.15.T he majority of the British people believe in Christianity,which is the religion of the followers of Jesus Christ. 16.T he most important and longest river running throughthe middle plain of America is Mississippi River.17.T he U.K. has two established churches: the Church ofEngland and the Church of Scotland.18.I mportant heavy industries in Britain includeshipbuilding and motor vehicle.19.Modern English is the official language of the UnitedKingdom as well as the first language of the vast majority 20. In Britain, the place where parliament has sessions in London is the Palace of Westminster.21. The US Congress has two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate comprises 100 Senators, two from each of the 50 states22. In early times, British nobility can be divided into upper nobility and lower nobility according to the amount of the land they possessed.23. In Britain, the nucleus of the government is known as the Cabinet , which is headed by the prime minister.24. In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political parties, and this is known as party politics.25. The US Constitution protects freedom of speech and freedom of the press so that common people can make their opinions known.26. The highest court in Britain is the Supreme Court.27. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, itbecomes known as a hung jury.28. The English legal profession is divided into two branches: solicitors and barristers .29. Britain was the first country to introduce a neweconomic system known as free enterprise.30. T o meet the increasing need and protect environment, Britain has begun to develop some new energies, such as bio-fuels, deriving from waste and crops.31. Traditionally, the British culture has been characterized by its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.32. T o the south of San Francisco locates a famous valley, named Silicon Valley, which has now become the center of America’s electronic industry.33. The Mississippi River Valley, also known as the _Central Plain_, consists of the large area between the Appalachian on the east and the Rocky Mountains on the west.34. Britain has traditionally been a manufacturing nation and was once known as the “ workshop of the world.”35. One of the most famous natural park in America, Yellow Stone National Park, is situated in the state Wyoming.36. Las Vegas, the most striking gambling city in America, completely relies on the water from the Colorado River. 37. Everything related with family life, including family meals, is regarded as privacy in Britain.38. The working class people usually have a “ high tea” with hot dishes at about 5 o’clock in the afternoon;39. The middle-class people normally have an early “light tea” at about 4 or 5 o’clock in the afternoon.40. Private schools in Britain are officially called independent schools because they are independent of the government.3.简答问题：（15题）简要回答下列问题：1.Why is America compared to a melting-pot?2.What are the characters of typical British people?3.Why do British people like to talk about weather somuch?4.What changes have taken place in British families? Whatare the possible causes for those changes?5.Who are the famous Queens in British history? Pleasewrite down their names.6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of JuryTrial?7.What are the popular festivals in America? Please list twoor three names of them.8.What is the function of monarch in Britain?9.Why is British government system called “ConstitutionalMonarchy”?10.P lease list some famous rivers in America.11.W hat measures can government take to adjust thedevelopment of economy?12.W hy do some Historians call black Americans “unwillingimmigrants”?13.W hat are the factors that can help you decide socialstatus of a man in British society?14.W hat are the spirits American People worship?15.H ow does American government system demonstrate theprinciple of “Checks and Balances”?2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题2、知识填空题：( 40题)1.Great Britain; Britain2.England; Wales; Northern Ireland3.Highland Zone; Lowland Zone4.Vice-president5.wool6.Birmingham7.five8.Universities; Open Universities9.Canada; Mexico10.S evern11.W hite House12.u rban; rural13.r ailway14.B alances15.C hristianity; Jesus Christ16.M ississippi River17.e stablished; England; Scotland18.s hipbuilding; motor vehicle production19.M odern English20.t he Palace of Westminster21.S enate; House of Representatives; 100; two22.u pper; lower23.C abinet24.p arties25.s peech; the press26.t he Supreme Court27.h ung28.s olicitors; barristers29.f ree30.b io-fuels31.d ecency32.S ilicon Valley33.C entral Plain; Appalachian; Rocky34.w orkshop35.W yoming36.L as Vegas37.p rivacy38.h igh39.l ight40.i ndependent4.简答问题：（15题）1.As immigrants from different regions and cultures cameto live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away, and they became part of the American culture.2.Traditionally, the British culture has been characterizedby its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.3.Because the weather in Britain is very changeable;moreover, as British people tend to avoid private topics, weather is considered to be a safe topic.4.T oday, British women are no longer confined to trditionalhouse chores. Women employees can be found in almost every part of social life. They make up about 48% of the British labor force. Paid jobs meant independence for women,which finally led to changes in women’s social status.5.Mary ; Elizabeth I ; Victoria ; Elizabeth II6.The jury trial in Britain embodies some basic principle ofthe value cherished by the British people, such as the protection of individual rights. However, if the jurycannot reach a unanimous agreement, it becomes known as a hung jury. Then a new jury has to be formed, and a new trail is called.7.Christmas Day ; New Year’s Day ; Thanksgiving Day ;Independence Day ; Lincoln’s Birthday ; Halloween8.Over centuries in history, the English monarch personallycontrolled supreme executive, legislative, and judicial power. After the founding of the law court in the 12th century and Parliament in the 13th century, the direct exercise of these functions by the monarch gradually decreased.9.On the one hand, Monarch is the symbol of supremepower in Britain; on the other hand, the power of Monarch is limited by laws, and it has mainly advisory and ceremonial responsibilities, the real power is clenched by Prime Minister and parliament.10.t he Mississippi River , the Missouri River , the OhioRiver , the T ennessee River , the Colorado River , The Rio Grande River , the Potomac River , the Hudson River 11.1) Fiscal policy: increase/decrease tax rate;increase/decrease government budget.2) Monetary policy: increase/decrease interest rate; issuenational bond.12. Because they were victims of the traffic in slaves.13. wealth, clothes, accent, education, family background, gestures, social circle, profession…14. The spirits American People worship are supposed to include equality, freedom, hard work, self-reliance.15. 1) Executive branch can check legislative branch through:A. Bring up with BillsB. Deny BillsC. Implement policies2) Legislative branch can check executive branch through:A. Initiate revenue billB. Reject nominationC. InvestigationD. Impeachment3) Legislative branch can check judicial branch through:A. Appoint judgesB. Determine budgetC. Overthrow verdictD. Impeachment4) Judicial branch can check legislative branch throug h:A. Judicial review of ActsB. passed by congress5) Executive branch can check judicial branch through“appointing Judges on the advice of congress”.6) Judicial branch can check executive branch through “judicial review of Executive actio n”.（写出任意三点可得满分）。

英美概况上期末复习.docx

英美概况期末复习一、名词解释1、Prime Minister 首相The Prime Minister is the number-one minister of all the British ministers. After a general election, the leader of the party that has won the majority of the seats in the House of Commons will be appointed Prime Minister by the monarch. The Prime Minister is the head of the British Government and is rather powerful in making appointments. The Prime Minister not only controls the Cabinet but also the Parliament2、British Parliament 英国议会The British Parliament comprises 3 elements --------- the Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. In law, the Monarch is the official head of the Parliament; the two House are separate and equal. In reality, the Monarch is nothing but the symbolic part, the real power in passing laws is held mainly by the House of Commons. The British Parliament has the supreme legislative authority in the United Kingdom・3、The Speaker 议长The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, who is also known as the president of the Chambe匚The Speaker is elected by the House of Commons, but normally only after the party leaders have privately agreed beforehand on a particular person. Once elected, he can hold the position until his retirement when he will be made a pee匚Though he may belong to one of the political parties, the Speaker has to give up all party loyalties. He is next only to the Prime Minister in rank. The Speaker never votes except when the votes are equal. Then he gives the deciding vote.4、Question Time 质询时间Every day when the Commons meets, they begin their meeting with a "Question Time,M which is an hour of parliamentary time after prayers and some preliminaries. During the "Question Time"ministers, in rotation, answer questions put to them on matters for which they are responsible・ The questions are put forward by MPs and usually handed in beforehand・After the "Question Time”follows the main debate of the day.5、The "Three Readings"三独The process of passing it is similar in both of the Houses. According to a long-established practice, it must have three "readings^. In the Commons, it has the "first reading9' on introduction announcing its coming forward・ After a debate on its general principles and merits, it receives the "second reading^. At the end of the debate on the "second reading^, a vote is taken. Next the bill receives the "third reading^.6、Jury陪审团A Jury is a body of responsible, impartial citizens who are called to hear evidence in a law court andbound under oath to give an honest answer based on the evidence to question put before them. A Jury normally comprises 12 jurors, but in Scotland it consists of 15 people. In the United Kingdom all people between the ages of 18 and 65 or 70 whose names are on the electoral register can be chosen to serve on a jury except the ineligible・ Their names are chosen by lot. Those who are chosen cannot refuse jury service・ The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.7、By—elections 递补选举When an MP dies or resigns, or becomes a peer, his seat in the House of Commons is vacant・ Then a by一election is held to fill the vacancy・ A by一election is a local election. It is usually regarded asa test of national opinion in the period between general elections.8、Public Schools 公立大学"Public schools二the best—known of the independent schools in Great Britain, are secondary boarding schools preparing students academically for higher education, typically at Oxford or Cambridge University and ultimately for leadership in English life.9、The "Eleven Plus"Before 1965, after having finished their primary school education, pupils had to take a traditional selection test for entry to different types of secondary schools・It became known as the “Eleven Plus” for most children entered secondary schools shor什y after their 1 l lh birthday. Those who had got high marks went to grammar schools, and the rest, by far the majority, went to technical or secondary modern schools.10、The College System 学院制The administration of the university is the responsibility taken by their own governing councils・The universities decide the matters such as the prescription of syllabi, the arrangement of lectures, the conduct of examinations, and the award of degrees but the colleges are fairly independent. They are controlled by their own governing bodies, and all the colleges are parallel and equal institutions.By this college system, all students live in college during at least part of their course・11、The Tutorial System 导师制The tutorial system is a system of individual tuition which is organized by the college・ It is a way of teaching in these two universities. By this tutorial system, each student gets personal tuition oncea week in his tutor's own room・ This, with a weekly programme of private study is considered soimportant that students are not even compelled to attend general lectures. Students are free to choose the lectures they like・ Any one from any college may attend the university lectures.12、The Redbrick Universities 红砖大学The redbrick universities refer to all universities founded between 1850and 1930. They were called "redbrick" because that was the favourite building material of the time・ The University of London and Durham University included in this group・13、The Open University 开放大学The Open University was founded in 1969. It is a major innovation in the academic world providinga second chance for those who missed the opportunity for higher education at the age of 18 orthereabouts. The Open University offers tuition to degree standard to anyone who chooses to register.Unlike students in the other universities, they pay no boarding fees for the live at home・ After the end of their studies they take an examination. The successful students are granted a university degree.14、The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)英国广播公司The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a state—owned corporation. As a public service body, the present BBC was incorporated by the Royal Charter inn 1927 replacing the then British Broadcasting Corporation, a consortium of receiving equipment manufacturers established in 1992 to provide radio broadcasting service on a regular basis. The BBC's regular television broadcasting service began in 1936・ From 1927 to 1955 the BBC remained a monopoly of radio broadcasting,and later television broadcasting in Great Britain. Now, the BBC controls five national radio services,37 local radio stations and 2 national television channels.15、U nion Jack/Union Flag 英国国旗Union Jack/Union Flag is the national banner of the United Kingdom. It contains three crosses: St.George\ Cross, standing for the English people; St. Andrew's Cross, representing the Scottish people;and St. Patrick's Cross, for the Irish people. The first design was created in the 13th century, the ultimate design was settled in 1801.16、J ohn Bull约翰牛(特指英国或者英国人)John Bull is the nickname of the United Kingdom・ It is a household word in Britain・ It represents English people・ The name came from a book The History of John Bull by a Scottish. Now John Bull is regarded as a jovial, honest, solid and foursquare^ farmer.17、B ritish Isles不列颠群岛British Isles is a geographical term- It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them・ Two countries are located there: Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland・18、O ld English 古英语Old English is also known as An gio—Saxon. It is the term given to the language in its earliest written stage dating from 700 to 1150.Old English is a blend of German dialects spoken by the An gios, the Saxo ns and the Jutes. It is different from Modern English in phonology, morphology, spelling conventions, and syntax・19、M iddle English 中世纪英语The time: Middle English covered the time span from 1150 to 1500.The importance: The Middle English era was the era in which Britain broke the firm control of the Normans and became independent from France.The features of Middle English: It underwent greater changes than both Old English and Modern English A). The long bilingual phase in English history had exerted a profound effect on the structure of English, indirectly in its morphology and syntactic practice; and directly in its vocabulary・B) The great changes in this era made English become an analytic language instead of a synthetic one. C) Standard Pronunciation took shape by the end of the 14th century・20、T he Established ChurchesThe Established Churches are the churches which are "legally recognized as official churches of the state：There are two established churches™the Church of England and the Church of Scotland. 21、T he Church of EnglandThe Church of England is also called the Anglican Church. It is the national church of England.The Church of England has two provinces・Each province comprises some dioceses. A diocese is composed of many deaneries. A deanery is subdivided into many parishes.Though the Church of England is a national church, it is not financed by the state. The Church supports itself financially・It has its own properties, stocks and shares, and it receives endowment.The Church of England is Protestant in nature・22、T he Church of ScotlandIn Scotland, the established church is the Church of Scotland・ Il derived its status as the nationalchurch from The Treaty of Union 17O7.The government and nature of the Church. It is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) in nature.The central governing body is the General Assembly, in which the monarch is represented by the Lord High commissioner.Below the General Assembly is the Court of the Synod, then comes the Court of presbytery, and fin ally the Kirk Session.23、T he Free Churches 自由教会Generally, The Free Churches refer to the non—onformist churches in England・ The members of the Free churches are the "dissenters" as they are originally called. After the reformation in the 16th century, many Protestants separated from the Church of England (because they thought that the Church of England had not completely ridded of itself of the rules and practices of the Church of Rome.) and threw away all the Roman rules and formed the free churches of their own. Now in the Free Churches there are no archbishops and bishops and the churches are bare, and services are simple・24、B ritish Cabinet 英国公民British Cabinet is a committee of important ministers, departmental or non-departmental. It came into being in the late 17th and early 18th centuries・ And it emerged out of the Privy Council when the body grew to large for effective discussion. The Cabinet today is composed of about 20 ministers headed by the Prime Ministe匚But the number of the members is not fixed. In time of emergency or in the war time, the Cabinet is usually small in order to make decisions effectively.二、填空I、 The official name of Great Britain is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .2> The Union Flag is composed of 3 (St. Geonge's Cross. St. Andrew's Cross- St. Patrick's Cross)crosses,3s The national song in Britain is God Save the Oueen(Kin2)・4^ Of all four parts in Britain, Engkind is largest in area.5、The Republic of Ireland is the only land neighbour to Great Britain.6、The British Isles is composed of two big islands: Great Britain and Ireland •7^ In topography, traditionally, Great Britain is divided into two parts: a Highland Zone and a Lowland Zone ・8、The Pennines is called Backbone of England ・9、There live g peoples in Britain.10、T he pre-Celts were the Iberians and Beaker Folk •II、A part from English, Welsh and Gaelic are spoken in Britain.12、The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of Indo—European language family.13、English is one of the even smaller divisions of Low West Germanic and it is descended from OldEnglish14^ Modern English is mainly the marriage of Anglo—Sax on and Norma n・ French ・15、Old English is also known as An21o・Saxon ・16> It is in the stage of Middle English that English became an analytic language instead of a syntheticone.17^ Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Lan^ua^c is taken as the first English dictionary.18、T oday, English is the closest thing to a “lingua franca”, an in ternational language ・19、I n the year 597 , St. Augustine was sent by Pope Gregory I to spread Christianity inEng land ・20、T here are two established churches in Britain ■一the Church of England and the Church ofScotland .21、T he Church of England is Protestant in nature・22> The Church of Scotland is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist in doctrine.23、T he British government is usually called Her Majesty's Government ・24、T he British Prime Minister lives and works in Number 10 Downing Street .25、T he tenure of office for the British Prime Minister is 5 years ・26 > The British Cabinet emerged out of the Priv# Council .27、T he present monarch in Britain is Oucen Elizabeth II •28、T he official birthday of the Queen Elizabeth is celebrated on Thursday of the second week inJune .29、T he British Parliament I composed of 3 elements.30、T he life of British Parliament lasts 5 years,31、T he life of the British Parliament is divided into sessions •32^ The British parliament is the “Mother of Parliaments”and it is the oldest Parliament・33、The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal.34> The House of Lords is presides over by the Lord Speaker .35、T he head of Lower House in Britain is the Speaker •36、T he head of the British central government is The Prime Minister .37^ The head of state in Britain is the monarch ・38、The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.39> The Conservative Party developed from the Independent Labour Party .40、T he Labour Party is the successor of the Tories •41、T he general election in Britain is held every 5 years.42、I n each constituency a suitable person is appointed as a Returning officer , an official in charge ofa parliamentary election.43 > After general election in Britain the party in opposition forms a Shadow Cabinet .三、问答题1、Whaf the official name of Britain?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2> How many popular names do you know about the country?3・ England> Great Britain > BritainHow much do you know about the British Isles?It is a geographical term. It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them. Two countries are located there: GreatBritain and the Republic of Ireland.4. What is the national song of Britain? God Save the Queen/God Save the King5x How many parts does Britain contain? 4. Engla nd、Scotia nd、Wales Northern Ireland6> What is the only land neighbour of Britain? The Republic of Ireland7> Name the surrounding waters of Britain?the east: the North Sea; the south: the English Channel;the north: the Atlantic Ocean; the west: the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean8、What kind of climate does Britain have?the prevailing south-westerly wind, the numerous inlets in the western coasts9> What are the features of English weather? changeable> rainy > foggy > windy10> Where is the population in Britain concentrated? England11> Why do we say Britain is a highly urbanized nation?96 percent of the total population in Britain live in cities and towns. Only 4 percent live in ruralareas. That makes Britain an urbanized nation.12> How many peoples are there in Britain? What are they? Who are the majorities and who arethe minorities?4 peoples. The English> The Scots、The WelshThe IrishThe English is the majority； The Scots, The Welsh and The Irish are the minorities.13N Who are the ancestors of the Welsh? Who are the ancestors of the Scots? Who are the ancestors of the Irish? And who are the ancestors of the English?the Brythons> the Gaels> the Gaels、Anglo一Saxons, the Normans and other races.14.What's the official language spoken in Britain? English15> What other languages are spoken in Britain besides English? Welsh and Gaelic 16N What is the origin of English language?The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.English is one of the even smaller division of Low West Germanic and is descended from Old English.17> Who and when for the first time came to Britain and spread Christianity?In 597, St. Augustine・18. Where did he choose to spread Christianity? Canterbury19> What are established churches?The Established Churches are the churches which are "legally recognized as official churches of the state”.20N H OW many established churches are there in Britain? And what are they?2 The Church of England and the Church of Scotland21> Who are the spiritual leaders of the Church of England?the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York22> What is the relation between the Monarch and the Church of England?By law, the Monarch (Sovereign) is the supreme head of the Church of England・ He is the temporal leader of the Church.23、W hat is the nature of the Church of England?The Church of Engla nd is Protesta nt in nature. Its doctrine, services and prayers are set in the Thirty—Nine Articles and The Books of Common Praye匚In addition, there are differencesbetween the High Church and the Low Church・24、W hat is the nature of the Church of Scotland?It is Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) in nature・25> What are major Free Churches in Britain?the Methodist Church> the United Reformed Church >the Baptist Church > the Quakers and the Salvation Army.26> By whom is the Roman Catholic Church headed in Britain? The Roman Pope27.Who is the head of state in Britain? The monarch28.Who is the head of the British central government? The Prime Minister29.Where does the British Prime Minister live and work? Number 10 Downing Street30.How long is the tenure of office for the British Prime Minister? 5 years3K Who is the present monarch in Britain? Queen Elizabeth II32* When is the national day in Britain? Thursday of the second week in June・33.What elements is the British Parliament composed of ?The Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons・34.What is the major function of a jury in Britain?The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.35> What are the two major political parties now in Britain ?The Conservative Party and the Labour Party・36、What is the electoral method in Britain ?The electoral method is the first-past-post method or simply the majority method・37> How many British national dailies do you know?The Times> The Guardian、Financial Times、The Daily TelegraphThe IndependentDaily Express> Daily Mail. Daily Star> Morning Star> Daily Mirror> The Sun* Today38.How many British national Sundays do you know?The observer> Sunday Telegraphs The Sunday Times> The Independent on Sunday>The Mail on Sunday > News of the World> Sunday Express> Sunday Mirror> The People> Sun day Sport39.How many famous British magazines do you know?Classification> The Economists The Spectator40^ Of all news agencies in Britain, which one is the most influential? Reuters。

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春秋战国时期贵族精神与西方骑士精神
中国和英国，两个历史悠久，文化底蕴丰富的国家。

一个是亚洲文化的发源地，一个迄今都对西方文化任有深远影响的国家。

这两个国家拥有不同的文化、习俗和政治体制。

如今，我们可以在世界上任何一个国家的文化身上看到他们的影子，他们分别代表两种不同的东方和西方文化。

春秋战国时期，诸侯争霸，传统上的贵族政治开始失序。

政治上，周礼已经毫无约束力：经济上，井田制逐渐松动、废弛：社会上，教育开始在普通民众中普及，士人开始崛起。

从春秋、战国到秦的统一，贵族政治逐渐失序、崩坏并最终走向毁灭，封建制度最终被中央集权的专制制度取代。

而在欧洲，罗马帝国分裂后，天主教也随之出现分歧。

公元5世纪西罗马帝国灭亡之后，欧洲便开始进入中世纪，开始了将近一千年的战乱黑暗时期。

战乱的发生迫使国家需要军队的组织和建立，骑士就是在这样的战乱环境中产生的。

中国古代贵族
贵族的产生
贵族，是指奴隶社会和封建社会中，因权力。

财产高于其他阶级而形成的上层阶级，包括军事贵族、世俗贵族、宗教贵族。

经过演变，贵族制度在一些国家延续下来，形成了稳定的贵族阶级。

中国的贵族最早产生于商代施行诸侯封建制度，即类似于西方贵族制。

《礼记·王制》曰：“王者之制禄爵，公侯伯子男，凡五等。

”
中国古代君主授予贵族和功臣爵位的制度，是历代君主为巩固期统治地位，调整统治阶级内部关系而实行的一种封建等级制度。

爵位是表示贵族或功臣身份、地位的称号，分为不同的等级，有些爵位可以世袭。

受爵后通常得到食邑或相当数量的财富。

等级和册封
封爵制度与宗法制度有着密切的关系，最初的受爵者光是王族。

战国时期，秦国从商鞅变法以后，取消王族封爵，立二十等爵制度以赏功劳（主要是军功）。

从最高的彻候到最低的公士。

西汉以后，皇族封爵与功臣封爵并存，一直延续到清代。

爵位与官职
爵位与官职有一定关系。

西周所封公、侯等爵，对周天子称臣，在封国内就是君主，官爵合一。

此后，总的趋势是官与爵逐渐分离，但在某些时期仍有例外。

西汉、西晋及明朝初期，宗室王在封国内有军事、行政权，势力逐渐膨胀，先后酿成“七国之乱”、“八王之乱”、“靖难之变”等，严重威胁着皇权。

在其他时期，爵位只是一种荣誉称号，因其与皇帝关系的亲疏(皇族封爵)及功劳大小（功勋封爵）而有高低之分。

爵位高低分别为：王、公、候、伯、子、男等。

各朝代略有不同。

爵禄在古代往往连称，受爵后必得禄。

西周时，公、侯是封国内的君主，封国内的财政收入全归其所有，但公、侯要对周天子承担镇守疆土、交纳贡税、朝觐述职等义务。

以后封爵都有一定食邑，但不是自己征收，而是由王朝拨给。

后来食邑变成了一种虚名，只有在爵位前加所谓“食实封”若干户，才能享有相应的封户租税，或从国家领得一定封赐。

礼仪制度
中国古代的礼仪制度分为家祭、朝仪、朝聘、朝觐、揖让。

每一个礼节行为都有专门的规范。

【家祭】古人在家庙内祭祀祖先或家族守护神的礼仪。

【朝仪】古代帝王临朝的典礼。

按规定：天子面向南，三公面向北以东为上，【朝聘】为诸侯定期朝见天子的礼制
【朝觐】为周代诸侯朝见天子的礼制。

诸侯朝见天子，“春见曰朝，秋见曰觐”，此为定期朝见。

春秋两季朝见天子，合称为朝觐。

【揖让】一指古代宾主相见的礼节。

揖让之礼按尊卑分为三种，称为三揖：一为土揖，专用于没有婚姻关系的异姓，行礼时推手微向下；二为时揖，专用于有婚姻关系的异姓，行礼时推手平而致于前；三为天揖，专用于同姓宾客，行礼时推手微向上。

一指禅让，即让位于比自己更贤能的。

贵族精神
中国的贵族精神，似乎带着原始氏族时代的平等与自由的精神，近乎自然的过渡到封建时代，又从封建的灰烬中涅槃重生，从而得以在后来的两千多年中，因为摆脱了封建的枷锁，而逐渐进化提纯为一种更加纯粹的独立而自由的精神，并以儒家思想的形式，在中国的古代社会中，传承有序。

但是，中国的贵族精神，所强调仅仅是要顺合于自然，而不屈从于任何人为的法度。

以此拥有和保持，作为一个因为在人格上的平等而自由的人的尊严。

所以，拥有这种贵族精神的人，可以为了这种尊严，为了这份自由，可以牺牲生命，但却不会为了遵守所谓的法律而放弃自由。

西方骑士
骑士的产生
欧洲的骑士阶层和骑士制度的建立大约是从公元5世纪西罗马帝国灭亡之后，战争的发生迫切需要国家军队的组织和建立，骑士就是在这样的环境中产生的。

他们不仅纪律严明，而且骁勇善战。

逐渐赢得了当权者的青睐，成为各个权力追逐的对象。

在战火蔓延的背景下，骑士制度和骑士精神慢慢在欧洲得到了广泛的认可和传播。

由于骑士阶层在社会中的独特地位，因此中世纪的种种意识形态都被打上了深深地骑士烙印。

等级和册封
骑士分成两个级别——见习骑士和骑士。

见习骑士就是所说的学徒兵，旗帜是长方形的，在末尾开叉成燕尾状。

只要见习骑士获得了一定的功勋之后，便可以请求升级，传令官经过考核，便将见习骑士的燕尾剪去，他们便升为骑士。

骑士晋封仪式分为三种：一种是世俗型，君主和世俗贵族参加并主持，地点设在王宫、城堡：一种是宗教型，就是由教皇、主教或神职人员参加并主持，一般晋封仪式设在教堂：还有一种就是前两种的混合，通常情况下为君主或世俗贵族主持，神职人员担任祷告弥撒等活动，多在宫廷城堡或教堂举行。

独特礼仪
骑士礼仪就是所谓的启示阶层的仪式和礼节。

骑士作一个特殊的社会阶层，必然会有一些特殊的礼仪，这些礼仪将他们与其他阶层分离开来。

礼仪中的仪式部分在骑士礼仪中占有很重要的位置。

由于中世纪西欧的主流思想是基督教，因此在骑士礼仪及观念中深深地打上了其印记。

按照传统，骑士的身份是可以继承的，尤其是骑士的长子。

如果说骑士的各种仪式是骑士制度规范化的一部分，那么骑士礼节则是骑士制度生活化了一部分，这里面包括了骑士的衣食住行。

比如骑士要穿戴整洁，在领主及贵妇面前要保持礼数。

站有站相，坐有坐姿，而且骑士侍从不能与骑士一种入座，既使这个骑士是他父亲也是不被允许的。

用餐时要有一定的礼数，有许多行为不被允许，如不能直接用肉蘸盐碟里的盐。

发展与演变
骑士渐渐成为了一种荣誉的称号没有实权。

14世纪以后，骑士的受封仪式越来越不受到重视，越来越随便。

有时国王为了鼓舞士气不得不进行册封。

13、14世纪时，大部分贵族，尤其是普通的骑士处境非常困难，有许多贫困的骑士后代因为1没有经济能力支付昂贵的骑士装备而无法受封。

总之，这个时期的骑士早已失去了骑士的真正内涵，只是一个荣誉的称号。

中世纪，骑士组成了欧洲最精锐的军队，他们在封建制度中起到了举足轻重的作用。

如果单纯从军事角度来看，骑士的职能主要是战争和竞技。

在中世纪，一名戴头盔、着铠甲、跨宝剑的骑士及其侍从组成一个作战单位，他们在战场中冲锋陷阵所向无敌，
在战斗中。

骑士处于核心的地位，他们主宰着战场，在作战中发挥着巨大的作用，尤其是十字军东征期间。

欧洲中世纪林立的城堡也主要靠他们来守护。

每一座城堡几乎都是当地的封建军事、政治、经济和社会的中心，而且也是封建领主制形成的基石。

其实骑士就是保卫这些城堡的守护者，甚至骑士的大本营就在城堡中。

骑士精神
骑士精神是欧洲中世纪骑士制度一个很重要的内容，它是以“忠勇”作为骑士的道德原则，以“信仰”规范骑士的行为。

要以基督仁慈之心对待弱者，并为维护基督教信仰而勇敢斗争；在社会生活中需要处处表现出“绅士风度”，知书达理，尊重妇女。

在中世纪骑士精神中，慷慨、谦虚、注重礼节和仪表风度是其中一个方面，而这些促进了欧洲社会的文明风气。

另一个就是对爱情的崇拜，是一位忠勇骑士对贵妇人绝对神圣的理想爱情模式，是一种纯粹精神性感情，突出的是一种忠诚不渝的精神。

这种精神成为欧洲社会精神生活中所追求的理想爱情。

对于骑士精神，人们有众多的定义。

有人说，他爱护和尊重个人的人格：有人说，他愿意为被压迫者牺牲全部力量乃至生命，是一种慷慨勇敢的精神：也有人说，他把对女子的爱慕化作勇气。

在欧洲各地，骑士准则或者说骑士精神并不是一样的，但他们都在强调“服务精神”和“尽忠职守”。

在中世纪，“服务”是一种非常高贵的品德。

既使是一位仆人，也没有什么可羞愧，在这样的时代要求下，骑士必须忠实履行自己的职责。

这也成为他们的首要的品德。

除此之外，骑士精神还包括慷慨、谦逊。

注重礼节等素养。

中国的贵族和西方的骑士都在历史的发展中不同程度受到君王的影响，社会的动荡造成了社会结构、社会心态以及社会行为的重大变化。

封建等级制度的藩篱被打破了，社会的阶层流动显得频繁而自由。

中国贵族阶层因为朝代变更而相继出现，又相继消失。

中国的封建制度结束后，贵族基本消失，贵族的精神文化也渐渐消失。

而欧洲由原来的为血统论转为教养论，在文艺复兴的影响下，慢慢融入近代文明的进程。

参考书目：《骑士的崛起》江苏教育出版社。