地理信息专业英语复习资料
地质专业英语复习课程

地质专业英语1我们研究地区位于距离重庆市大约60公里的一个叫做小张村的地方Our study area is located in xiaozhang village , which is about 60 kilometers southwest from the chongqing city .2 关于海相中生代地层和火山作用的地址调查早在1959年就曾在该地进行过Geological survey on Mesozoic marine strata and volcanism was conducted as in 1959.3 在这个地区,除了在小张村北面很小的一片地区侏罗系被白垩系玄武岩大量侵入以外,侏罗纪地层露头几乎是连续的。
In this region, Jurassic strata is nearly continuous except that in local place of xiaozhang village the strata was intruded by massive cretaceous basalts .4 2005年夏季,在王教授的率领下,我们在这里进行了为期30天的野外地质工作。
In the summer of 2005, led by prof , wang ,we carried out 30 days”field work . 5昨天下午我们在教室里成功召开了关于如何组织下一次野外考察的会议。
We successfully held the meeting on how to organize the next field survey yesterday afternoon .1 在所有的沉积层序的野外资料收集到之后,就要解释这些资料。
All field data of sedimentary successions have to be interpreted after collected .2 由于这种研究的目的是判断沉积过程和当时的环境,所以就要运用所有的野外资料来确定层序中的沉积相。
GIS专业英语教学教材

G I S专业英语第一课Comprehensive:全面的,综合的,Intellectual:智力的,才智的Jargon:专业术语Terminology:专业术语Geomatique:地理信息技术Geoscience:地球科学Derivative:派生物,衍生物Cartography:地图绘制学,地图绘制Architect:建筑师Preliminary:初步的,起始的Enumerate:列举,枚举Resemble:像,与……相似Transformation:转换第二课Automated:自动化的Equivalent:a等价的Cartographer:绘制图表者,制图师Mylar:胶片Electronic:电子的Encode:编码Orthophotoquad:正射影像图Aerial:空中的,航空的Aggregation:集合,聚合,集合体Reproduction:再现,复制,繁殖Dissemination:传播,宣传,传染Counterpart:相似之物Compactness:致密性Complexity:复杂,复杂性Hamper:阻碍,束缚Retrieval:取回,恢复,修补Analog:模拟的Planimeter:测面器,求积仪Phenomena:现象Quantitative:数量的,定量的Histogram:直方图,柱状图Supplementally:追加,补充Modification:修改,变型Cartogram:统计地图,统计图Hand-drawn:手绘Emergency:紧急事件Employe:雇佣,雇工Clarify:澄清,阐明Taxonomy:分类学,分类法Bifurcation:分歧,分叉Parcel:地块Conservation:保存,保持Procurement:获得,取得,采购Wildlife:野生动植物Earthquake:地震Landslide:泥石流,山崩Cadastral:地籍的,有关土地清册的Geodetic:大地测量学,最短线的Sophisticated:精致的,复杂的第三课Pervade:弥漫,遍及Aspect:坡向,方向,面貌Inevitable:必然的,不可避免的Proprietary:所有的,专利的Mineral:矿物的,矿质的Military:军队,军人Electricity:电力,电流Telecommunication:通讯,电信学Interconnect:使相互连接,相互联系Administrative:管制的,行政的Environmental:环境的,周围的Attribute:属性,特质Procedure:步骤,程序,手续Manipulation:操作,操纵,处理Historically:历史上地,Subsume:把…..归入,把…..包括在Eclipse:形成蚀,使黯然失色Visualization:可视化,Immense:巨大的,广大的Analogue:类似,相似物Conventional:常见的,惯例的Enquire:询问,打听Coniferous:松柏科的Highlight:强调,突出,Stress:强调,加压力与Derive:得到,源于Discipline:纪律,学科,惩罚Algorithm:算法,Interpret:说明,口译,解释Artificial:人造的,仿造的,虚伪的Geomatique:地理信息技术Cartography:地图绘制学,地图绘制Preliminary:初步的,起始的Cartographer:绘制图表者,制图师Encode:编码Aggregation:集合,聚合,集合体Retrieval:取回,恢复,修补Analog:模拟的Quantitative:数量的,定量的Histogram:直方图,柱状图Cartogram:统计地图,统计图Parcel:地块Geodetic:大地测量学,最短线的Cadastral:地籍的,有关土地清册的Attribute:属性,特质Procedure:步骤,程序,手续Prime meridian:本初子午线Algorithm:算法,Discipline:纪律,学科,惩罚Visualization:可视化,Globe;球体Map projection地图投影Planar projection;平面投影Azimuthal projection;方位投影Characteristic,特征,特性Reference globe;参考椭球体Scale factor;比例因子Principle scale;主比例尺Equivalent projection;等积投影Equidistant;等距投影Mercator transverse;横轴莫卡托投影Gnomonic protection;中心切面投影Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级方位投影Intelligence:智力,理解力,Correlation:相关,关联Urban:城市的Agriculture:农业,农艺Adjunct:附属物,修饰语Subdiscipline:学科的分支,副学科第四课Globe;球体Illustrate;阐明Configuration;配置,结构,外形Thematic;主题的Encounter;遭遇;邂逅Map projection地图投影Cylindrical;圆柱形的Projection family;投影系Planar projection;平面投影Cylindrical projection;圆柱投影Conical projection;圆锥投影Azimuthal projection;方位投影Community,社区,团体Representation;表现,陈述Characteristic,特征,特性Retain;保持,记住Convert;使转变Reference globe;参考椭球体Principle scale;主比例尺Scale factor;比例因子Cardinal 主要的,基本的Angular conformity;角度一致Conformal;等角的Orthomorphic;正形的Equivalent projection;等积投影Fundamental;基本的Equidistant;等距投影Maintain;维持,维修,供养Standard parallel;标准纬线Vital;生死攸关的,至关重要的Preservation;保存,保留Mercator transverse;横轴莫卡托投影Shopping mall ;大卖场Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级方位投影Stereographic;立体照相的Orthographic;直角的Georeference;地理坐标参考系Universal transverse Mercator;通用横莫卡托投影Data type;数据类型,资料类型Attribute;属性,性质Vector;矢量Raster:光栅Langscape;地表,地形Vertex;顶点,头顶Arc;弧形物,弧Node;节点Topology;拓扑学Vector-raster conversion矢量-栅格转换Quadtree;四叉树Computer-aided drafting;计算机辅助制图Orthophoto;正色摄影Map algebra地图代数Forestry stand;林地,林区Inappropriate;不适当的,不相称的Quantized:量化的Legend:传奇,图例Vegetation:植物,草木Geological:地质的Spatial:空间分析技术Binary:二元的,二进制的Residence:居住,住处Variable:易变的,多变的Run-length code:长度方向编码Subsystem:子系统Pattern:样式,模式Scheme:模式,设计Database:数据库Resolution:解析,决议Entity:实体Spaghetti model:面条模型Topological model:拓扑模型Coordinate:坐标From node:终点Intersect:交叉,相交Form node:起始点Graph theory:图论Analog:模拟地图Compact:紧密的Reduction:缩减,降低Codification:编码,译成代码Shorthand:速记法Theme:题目,主题Scheme:模式,计划Gnomonic protection;中心切面投影Coordination;对等,同等第五课Georeference;地理坐标参考系Ellipsoid;椭圆,椭面Department of defence;国防部Universal transverse Mercator;通用横莫卡托投影第六课Thematic;题目的,主题的Facilitate;促进,帮助Data type;数据类型,资料类型Animation;活泼生气,激励Attribute;属性,性质Narration;叙述,讲述Vector;矢量Raster;光栅Image;影像,肖像Photograph;照片,相片Langscape;地表,地形Vertex;顶点,头顶Arc;弧形物,弧Node;节点Connectivity;连通性,互联性Topology;拓扑学Mathematical;数学的,数学上的Adjacency;毗邻,四周Computer-aided drafting;计算机辅助制图Gridcell;格网单元Tesseate;棋盘格网的Quadtree;四叉树Data volume;数据卷Cumbersome;笨重的Vector-raster conversion矢量-栅格转换Imperative;必要的,势在必行的Map algebra地图代数Modeling;造型的Distinguish;区别,区分Orthophoto;正色摄影Ancillary;辅助的,Rectify;改正Summarize;总结,概述Aesthetically;审美的Continuous;连续的,持续的Filtering;过滤,滤除Idelally;理想的,观念上Descrete;离散的,不连续的Forestry stand;林地,林区Accommodate;供应,容纳Integrity;完整性,正直Inappropriate;不适当的,不相称的第七课Quantized:量化的Coverage:覆盖Legend:传奇,图例Vegetation:植物,草木Geological:地质的Efficient:有效的,生效的Awkward:笨拙的,尴尬的Checkerboard:棋盘Similarity:类似,相似点Recreation:娱乐,消遣Residence:居住,住处Variable:易变的,多变的Primary:主要的Eliminate:消除,排除Intuitive:直觉Binary:二元的,二进制的Accomplished:熟悉的,有技巧的Retrieve:检索的Manipulation:操纵,操作Mainframe:主机,Workstation:工作台,工作站Flexibility:弹性,灵活性Transparent:透明的,显然的Strengthening:强化,加固Linkage:连接,联系Spatial:空间分析技术Maturing:成熟第八课Run-length code:长度方向编码Compacting:压缩,精简Approach:方法Subsystem:子系统Acetate:一种透明胶片Numerical:数字的,数值的Giggling :轻笑,傻笑Humility:谦逊的Workload:负载,工作量Pattern:样式,模式Scheme:模式,设计Cumbersome:笨重的,难使用的Respectively:各自的,分别的Homogeneous:各种的,相似的Quadrant:四分之一Variable:变量的,易变的Resolution:解析,决议Subdivision:细分,子部Multiple:多个的,多种的Database:数据库第九课Reminiscent:提示的,怀旧的Entity:实体Implicit:隐式的,内含的Explicit:明晰的,明确的‘Intervening:干涉的Spaghetti model:面条模型Topological model:拓扑模型Envision:预见,展望Coordinate:坐标Enormous:巨大的Plotting device:绘图设备Precalculated:预先计算好的Incorporate:集成,包含Contact:接触Intersect:交叉,相交Identification:识别Tedious:冗长的Approximate:接近,使接近Polygon:多边形From node:终点Suffer:遭受Analog:模拟地图Graph theory:图论Portrayal:描述,画像Meandering:曲折的Drawback:缺点第十课Compact:紧密的Reduction:缩减,降低Codification:编码,译成代码Scheme:模式,计划Shorthand:速记法Theme:题目,主题第十一课Majority:大多数Algorithm:算法Plotter:绘图仪Rasterisation:栅格化Vectorisation:矢量化Approximation:近视,概算Pixel:像素Boundary:边界Minimise :使……最小化Sampling:取样Jaggedness:层次不齐Aliasing:扭曲,变形Signal processing:信号处理Counteracting;反作用Continuint;连续性Increment;增长Curve;曲线Neighbouring polygon相邻多边形Allocating;分配Areal;面积的Context,上下文,环境Dominant;重要的,强大的Clipped;裁剪的Rounding;圆的Associated;联合的Predict;预测Coherence;连贯性,相关性Aberration;偏离,偏差Strategy;策略Assumption;假定,臆断。
地理相关英语词汇(3)_地理专业英语词汇

oil derrick 油井架;钻井高塔oil refinery 炼油厂oil rig 钻油平台oil spill 〔海上〕漏油oil trap 油圈闭;油捕〔区〕oilfield 油田oil-shale 油页岩old fold mountain 古褶曲山脉;古褶皱山脉oligocene epoch 渐新世omnivore 杂食动物onshore wind 向岸风open space 空旷地;游息用地open system 开放系统opencast mining 露天开采法opportunity cost 机会成optimal choice 本最佳选择optimal location 最优区位optimiser 争取最适宜情况者optimum condition 最适宜情况;最佳条件optimum population 适度人口orbit 轨道order (1)序;次序,(2)阶;级ordinal scale 等级分类ordovician period 奥陶纪ore 矿;矿石organic matter 有机质organic pollutant 有机污染物organic soil 有机〔质〕土壤organic weathering 有机性风化organically formed sedimentart rock 生物作用形成的沉积岩organism 生物体;有机体orienteering 野外定向orienteering compass 定向罗盘orogenesis (orogeny) 造山作用orogeny (orogenesis) 造山作用orographic (relief) rain 地形雨orographic uplift 地形抬升outback 内陆(澳洲)outcrop 〔岩石〕露头outlying business district 外围商业发展区out-migration 向外迁移output (1)产出;(2)产量outwash deposit 冰水沉积物outwash plain 冰水沉积平原overburden 覆盖层overcast 天阴overcrowding 过度拥挤over-cultivation 过度耕作overfold 倒转褶曲overgrazing 过度放牧overhanging cliff 悬岩;陡壁overhead sun 当头日overland folw 表面径流overpopulation 人口过多;人口过剩overthrust fault 逆掩断层overthrust fold 逆掩褶曲over-urbanization 过度城市化oxbow lake (cut-off lake) 牛轭湖oxidation 氧化作用oxisol 氧化土oxygen cycle 氧循环ozone 臭氧ozone layer 臭氧层paddock 围扬paddy (padi) 水稻paddy field 水稻田pade (paddy) 水稻padi soil 水稻土palaeocene epoch 古新世palaeomagnetism 古地磁palaeozoic era 古生pampas 代中纬度草原(南美)pangaea 泛古陆;联合古陆panoramic sketch 全景描绘parallax 视差paralled drainage 平行水系parallel retreat 平行后退parameter 参数;母数parasite 寄生物parasitic cone 寄生火山锥parent material 母质parent rock 母岩part per million (ppm) 百万分比particulate 微料particulate matter 微料物质pass 峡道passive recreation 被动性康乐pastoral farming 畜牧业pastoralist 牧民pasture 牧草patterned ground 多边形土peak 山顶;山峰peak discharge 洪峰流量peak hour 繁忙时间peak land value 高峰地价peasant economy 农民经济peat 泥炭peat-bog 泥炭沼泽pebble 卵石pedalfer 铁铝土;淋余土pedestal rock (gour, mushroom rock) 菌状石;风蚀柱pediment 山麓平原;麓原pediplain 山麓侵蚀面平原pedocal 钙层土pedogenesis 成土作用peneplain 准平原peninsula 半岛per capita income 个人收入perceived environment 感观环境percentage 百分法;百分率percentage distribution 百分率分布percentile 百分位数perception 感观perched water table 滞水面;栖留潜水面percolation 渗透〔作用〕;渗滤〔作用〕percussive piling noise 撞击式打桩噪音perennial crop 多年生作物perennial flow (permanent flow) 常年流量;常年径流perennial irrigation 常年灌溉perennial river 常流河;常年河periglacial 冰缘periodicity 周期性peripheral area 外围地方peripheral settlement 外围聚落perishability 易腐性perishable crop 易腐作物permafrost 永久冻土permanent flow (perennial flow) 常年流量;常年径流permanent snowline 永久雪线permeability 渗透性;渗透率permeable rock 透水岩;渗水岩permian period 二迭纪pervious rock 透水岩pest 害虫pesticide 杀虫剂petrochemical industry 石油化工业ph paper ph纸ph test ph测试ph value ph值;酸碱度;氢离子值phenocryst 斑晶photo interpretation 照片阐释photochemical oxidant 光化学氧化剂photochemical smog 光化烟雾photoperiod 光照〔周〕期photosynthesis 光合作用photosynthetic efficiency 光合〔作用〕效率phreatophyte 潜水湿生植物physical (mechanical) weathering 物理性风化;机械性风化physical feature 自然特征physiographic factor 地文因素;自然地理因素physiological drought 生理干旱phytoplankton 浮游植物pictogram 象形图pie graph (divided circle) 圆瓣图piedmont 山麓pig iron 生铁pingo 冰核丘;冰胀丘pinus massoniana 马尾松;山松pioneer community 先锋群落pioneer plant 先锋植物pioneer stage 先锋阶段pipeline transport 管道运轮pisiculture 养鱼业;鱼类养殖placer deposit 砂积矿床plagioclimax 偏途演替顶极〔群落〕plain 平原plan 平面图planation 均夷作用planet 行星planetary wind system 行星风系plankton 浮游生物planned settlement 有斗划聚落plant association 植物群丛plant community 植物群落plant formation 植物群系plant succession 植物演替plantation 企业性大农场,大农场,种植围plastics industry 塑料工业plate 板块plate boundary 板块边缘plate tectonics 板块构造;板块构造学;皮块构造理论plateau 高度platy 片状playa 干盐湖;湖积原;干荒盆地(美)pleistocene epoch 更新世pliocene epoch 上新世plucking 拔蚀(作用)plum rains 梅雨plunge pool 跌水潭plutonic rock 深成岩pluvial (1)洪水,(2)多雨期pneumatophore 出水通气根podzol 灰壤podzolization (podsolization) 灰〔壤〕化〔作用〕poerennial (1)多年生植物,(2)多年生polar air mass 极地气团polar climate 极地气候polar easterlies 极地东风〔带〕polar front 极锋polar high 极地高压polarization process 极化过程polder 圩田(荷兰)pollen grain 花粉粒pollutant 污染物;污染体pollution 污染pollution dome 污染丘pollution plume 污染股流pollution soruce 污染源polycentric 多中心polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) 多氯联苯polygon 多边形pool 潭;水池;池塘pophulaion density gradient 人口密度梯度population (1)人口,(2)种群,(3)总群population agglomeration 人口集聚population assimilation 人口同化population boom 人口激增population composition 人口构成;人口组成;人口组合population concentration 人口集中population control 人口控制population data 人口资料;人口数据population density (1)人口密度,(2)种群密度population dispersion 人口分散population distribution 人口分布population explosion 人口爆炸population growth 人口增长population migration 人口迁移population movement 人口流动;人口移动population overspill 人口外溢population policy 人口政策population pressure 人口压力population projection 人口预测;人口推计population pyramid 人口金字塔population size 人口总数;人口规模population structure 人口结构pore space 孔隙porosity 孔隙度porous 多孔porous rock 多孔岩porphyritic texture 斑状结构porphyry 斑岩port of call 停靠港positive check 积极限制positive correlation 正相关positive feedback 正反馈positive relationship 正关系;正相关positive skewness 正偏态potential energy 势能;位能potential evapotranspiration 可能蒸散〔量〕pot-hole 壶穴poverty cycle 贫穷循环power 动力power plant 发电厂power resources 动力资源power station 发电站power-oriented industry 动力导向工业prairie 中纬度草原;温带草原(北美)pre-cambrian period 前寒武纪precipitation 降水precipitation effectiveness (p-e) index 降水有效指数precipitator 沉淀器precision engineering 精密工程predator 捕食者pressure (1)压力,(2)气压pressure gradient 气压梯度pressure gradient force 气压梯度力pressure system 气压系统prestige value 声望价值prevailing wind 盛行风preventive check 预防性抑制preventive measure 预防措施prey 猎物;被捕食者price elasticity 物价弹性price stability 物价稳定度primacy 首要性primary activity 第一级活动primary consumer 初级消费者primary energy 一次能源primary industry 第一产业;初级产业primary producer 初级生产者primary production 第一级生产;初级生产primary succession 原生演替primary treatment 初级处理primary wave 初波primate city 首市;首畏城市prime (greenwich) meridian 本初子午线primitive farming 原始耕种primogeniture 长子继承权prismatic compass 棱镜罗盘prismatic soil structure 棱柱状土壤结构private housing 私人兴建之房屋private sector 私营部门probability 概率;或然率process 作用;过程processing industry 加工业production brigade 生产大队production responsibility system 生产责任制production team 生产队productivity 生产力profile 剖面;切面profile of equilibrium 均衡剖面profit maximization 利润极大利化;利润最大化promontory 岬〔角〕proportional circle 比例圆protectionism 保护主义proved reserve 探明储量pseudo-urbanization 伪城市化psychrometer 干湿计public housing 公共房屋public nuisance 公害public open space 公众游息用地public sector 公营部门public transport 公共交通public utility 公共事业pull factor 拉因素pumice 浮岩;浮石pure raw materials 纯原料purification 提纯;净化purse seining 围网法push factor 推因素push-pull factor 推拉因素pylon 塔架pyramidal peak (horn) 角峰pyroclastic rock 火山碎屑岩qanat (karez) 灌溉暗渠quadrant 象限quadrat 样方qualitative analysis 定性分析quality standard 质量水准quantification 数量化quantitative analysis 定量分析quarry 石矿场quartile 四分位数quartz 石英quartzite 石英岩quasi-equilibrium 准平衡quaternary industry 第四产业quaternary period 第四纪questionnaire 问卷quota 限额;配额quota sampling 定额抽样racial group 种族群racial minority 少数种族racial segregation 种族隔离radial drainage 放射状水系radial land use zone 放射状土地利用区radial pattern 放射状radial road pattern 放射状道路型式radiation 辐射radiation balance 辐射平衡radiation fog 辐射雾radioactive fallout 放射性沉降物radioactive waste 放射性废料radioactivity 放射现象rain gauge 雨量器;量雨筒rain shadow 雨影raindrop 雨滴raindrop erosion 雨滴侵蚀;溅击侵蚀rainfall (1)降雨,(2)降雨量rainfall duration 降雨持续时间;降雨历时rainfall intensity 降雨强度rainfall variability 降雨变率rainsplash 雨滴溅击raised beach 上升海滩raised platform 上升平台raised tombolo 上升连岛沙洲ranching 放牧random distribution 随机分布random number table 随机数字表random sampling 随机抽样rand-size relationship 等级大小关系range (1)山岭;山脉,(2)差距;幅度;范围,(3)牧场range of goods 销售距离;销货范围ranging rod 测距杆rank correlation 等级相关rank-size hierarchy 等级大小层系rapids 急流;急滩;险滩ratio scale 比率量度raw data 原始数据;原始资料raw material 原料raw material-oriented industry 原料导向工业ray diagram 射线图reach 河段reafforestation (reforestation) 重新造林;再造林reagent 试剂reclamation 填海;造陆recoverable reserve 可采储量recreational land use 康乐用地rectangular drainage 直角水系;长方水系rectilinear drainage 直线水系recumbent fold 伏卧褶曲recurrence interval (reture period) 重现期recurved spit 弯曲沙嘴recycling 再循环red desert soil 红色荒漠土red tide 红潮;赤潮red tropical soil 热带红壤redevelopment 重建reduced bearing 象限角reduced lung function 肺部功能衰减red-yellow podzolic soil 灰化红黄壤reef 礁石reflection 反射reforestation (reafforestation) 重新造林;再造林refraction 折射refrigeration 冷藏refuse compactor 垃圾碾压车reg (stony desert) 砾〔质荒〕漠;砾〔质沙〕漠regeneration 再生regional map 区域地图regional planning 区域规划regional primacy 地区性首市现象regional shopping centre 区域购物中心regional variation 区域差异reglith 风化层regosol 岩成土regression line 回归线regular (even) slope 均匀坡rejuvenation 回春〔作用〕relative humidity 相对湿度relative relief (available relief) 相对地势;有效地势reliability 信度;可靠性relief 地势relief (orographic) rain 地形图relief map 地势图relief model 地势模型remote sensing 遥测;遥感renewable resources 再生资源representative fraction (r.f.) 分数〔式〕比例尺;数字比例尺reproductive age 生育年龄reserves 蕴藏量;储备residential land use 住宅用地residential mobility 居所流动〔性〕residential population 住宅人口residential suburb 近郊住宅区;市郊住宅区residual hill 残丘residual regolith 残余风化层resistant rock 抗蚀岩石resort 渡假地resources 资源resources depletion 资源耗减resources management 资源管理resources-oriented activities 资源导向活动respiratory illness 呼吸系统疾病retailing 零售retaining wall 护土墙return period (recurrence interval) 重现期revenue 收益reverse fault 逆断层revolution of the earth 地球公转rhizoid 假根rhizome 根茎rhizosphere 根际rhyolite 流纹岩ria (drowned river valley) 溺谷;溺河ribbon lake 带状湖ribbon pattern 带状;条纹状ribbon settlement 带状聚落ribbon type city 带状城市richter scale 黎克特震级ridge 山脊ridge of high pressure 高压脊riffle 浅滩rift valley (graben) 地堑;型谷rill erosion 细沟侵蚀ring road 圆环道路;环市道路;环林道路river bank 河岸river basin 河盆;流域river capture (stream piracy) 河流袭夺river cliff 河流陡岸river diversion 河流改道river port 河港river regime 河流水情river system 河系;水系river transport 内河运输road cutting 道路切面road network 道路网roadside settlement 路旁聚落roche moutonnee 羊背石rock cycle 岩石循环rock salt 岩盐rockfall 岩崩rockslide 岩滑rocky desert (hamada) 石〔质荒〕漠;岩漠rossby waves 罗斯贝波rotation of the earth 地球自转rotational grazing 轮转放牧rotational shearing 旋转性剪切作用rough grazing 粗放牧roughness 粗糙度roundness 圆度round-topped hill 圆顶山runoff 径流rupture zone 破裂带rural area 农村;乡村;郊区rural depopulation 农村人口减少rural exodus 迁离农村rural land use 农村土地利用rural settlement 农村聚落rural urbanization 农村城市化rural-urban (urban-rural) continuum 城乡连续带rural-urban fringe 市郊边缘rural-urban migration 农村城市迁移;乡城迁移saddle 鞍形山口sage bush 艾灌丛(北美)sahel (sahelian) drought 萨赫勒区干旱(非洲)sakia 水车(亚拉伯)saline soil 盐碱土salinity 盐度salinization 盐化作用salt pan (1)盐盘;浅盐湖,(2)盐田saltation 跃移sample 样本sample population 抽样人口sampling 抽样sampling technique 抽样技巧sand (1)砂粒,(2)沙sand bar 沙洲;沙坝sand dune 沙丘sand sea 沙海sand spit (spit) 沙嘴sandstone 砂岩sandstorm 沙暴sandy 砂质sandy clay 砂质黏土sandy clay loam 砂质黏壤土sandy desert (erg) 砂质荒漠;砂质沙漠sandy loam 砂质壤土sanitary landfill 卫生填土法saprophyte 腐生植物satellite 卫星satellite town 卫星市镇;卫星城市satisficer 满足者saturated (wet) adiabatic lapse rate 饱和绝热递减率;饱和绝热直减率saturated air 饱和空气saturation 饱和savanna 热带稀树〔干〕草原;疏林草原savanna climate 热稀稀树〔干〕草原气候savanna woodland 热带稀树〔干〕草原林地scale 比例〔尺〕scale of operation 操作规模scale of production 生产规模scarp (1)悬崖,(2)鬣丘;马头丘scarp slope 悬崖坡scatter diagram 散布图scattering 散射;分散schist 片岩sclerophyllous forest 硬叶绿林scrap iron 废铁scree (talus) 岩屑堆scrub 灌木;灌丛scum 渣滓;浮渣sea arch 海〔蚀〕拱sea breeze 海风sea cave 海〔蚀〕穴;海〔蚀〕洞sea port 海港sea-floor spreading 海底扩张sea-level change 海平面变动seam 矿层seasonal fluctuation 季节性波动seasonal labour 季节性劳工seaway 航道;海道seaweed 海草secondary activity 第二级活动secondary consumer 次级消费者secondary energy 二次能源;二级能源secondary growth 次生植物secondary industry 第二产业;次级产业secondary production 第二级生产;次级生产secondary road 支线公路secondary succession 次生演替secondary treatment 次级处理secondary wave 次波sector theory 扇形理论sedentary farming 定居耕种sediment 沉积物sediment load 输沙量sediment yield 产沙量sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentation (1)沉积〔作用〕,(2)沉淀〔作用〕seed dispersal 种子散布seepage 渗漏segregation 分离;隔离seif 纵向沙丘seismic origin 地震源seismic risk 地震危机seismic wave 地震波seismograph 地震仪self-contained community 独立社区;自给自足社区self-purification 自净作用self-regulation 自动调节;自我调节self-sufficiency 自给自足selva 赤道雨林(南美)semi-arid region 半干旱地区semi-desert 半荒漠 ; 半沙漠semi-detached building 半独立式楼宇semi-evergreen forest 半常绿森林semi-finished product 半制成品semi-log graph 半对数图sensible heat 感热septic tank 化粪池sequential change 顺序改变seral community 演替系列群落sere 演替系列sericulture 养蚕业service centre 服务中心service industry 服务性行业settlement 聚落settlement pattern 聚落型式severe tropical storm(s.t.s) 强烈热带风暴sewage 污水sewage disposal 污水处理sewage effluent 污水排水口sewage treatment 污水处理sex composition 性别构成sex ratio 性别比率sex structure 性别结构shade temperature 荫温shadoof (shaduf) 汲水吊杆shaft mining 竖井开采法shale 页岩shallow-focus earthquake 浅源地震shanty town 贫民区 ; 棚户区share-cropping 分成制shatter belt 碎裂带shattering 震裂shear stress 剪应力 ; 切应力shearing (1)剪切[作用] , (2)剪羊毛shearing strength 抗剪强度sheep rearing 牧羊业sheet erosion (sheet wash) 片蚀 ; 表土侵蚀 ; 片状侵蚀sheet flow 片流 ; 坡面径流sheet wash (sheet erosion) 片蚀 ; 表土侵蚀 ; 片状侵蚀sheetflood 片洪sheeting structure 片状结构shelter belt 防护林带 ; 防风林sheltered coast 隐蔽海岸shield 地盾shield volcano 盾状火山shifting cultivation 迁移农业 ; 移动性农业 ; 游耕shingle beach 卵石滩 ; 粗砾滩shipbuilding 造船业shipyard 船厂shoal 浅滩 ; 沙洲shopping centre 购物中心shopping behaviour 购物行为shopping facility 购物设施shore 海滨shoreline 海滨线short wave 短波shoulder 山肩shower 骤雨 ; 阵雨sial 硅铝层silage 青贮饲料silication 硅化作用silicosis 硅肺 ; 石末沉害病sill 岩床silo 谷仓 ; 草秣室silt 粉砂silt clay 粉砂黏土silt loam 粉砂壤土silting 淤积siltstone 粉砂岩silty clay loam 粉砂黏壤土silviculture (1)造林[业] , (2)造林学sima 硅镁层simple fold 单褶曲simulation game 模拟游戏sinclair model 辛克莱模式single cropping 单造耕作single-function city 单一功能城市single-storey building 单层建筑物sink(sinkhole,swallow hold) 落水洞siphon irrigation 虹吸管灌溉sirocco 锡罗科风(北非)site 座落 ; 地点situation 位置six's thermometer 悉氏[最高最低]温度计sixteen point compass 十六方位罗盘sketch map 略图skewness 偏态skyline (1)地平线 , (2)[建筑物,山等]空中轮廓slash and burn 刀耕火种法slate 板岩sleet (1)冻雨 , (2)雨夹雪slip off slope 滑走坡 ;冲积坡slope angle 坡度角slope decline 坡度渐减slope evolution 坡面演进slope failure 塌坡slope gradient 坡度slope profile 坡纵剖面slope recession (slope retreat) 坡面后退slope replacement 坡面更替slope retreat (slope recession) 坡面后退slope stability 边坡稳定性slope wash (1)坡积物 , (2)坡面冲刷sludge 淤渣 ; 污泥sludge dumping vessel 污泥倾卸船slum 贫民区slum clearance 贫民区清拆slumping 滑动small scale industry 小型工业small scale map 小比例[尺]地图smallholding 小自耕农smith's theory of industrial location 史密夫工业区位理论smog 烟雾smoke control area 烟雾管制区snow avalanche 雪崩snowfield 雪原snowline 雪soalr system 太阳系social benefit 社会利益 ; 社会收益social cost 社会成本social interaction 社群相互作用social mobility 社会流动social segregation 社会地位分隔social ties 社会关系socio-economic class 社经阶级socio-economic factor 社会经济因素socio-economic grroup 社经组别 ; 社经群体socio-economic status 社经地位softwood 软木soil 土壤soil exhaustion 土壤耗竭soil animal 土壤动物soil catena (catena) 土链soil colloids 土壤胶体soil colour 土壤颜色soil conservation 保土 ; 土壤保持soil consistence 土壤结持度 ; 土壤稠性soil creep 土蠕soil degradation 土壤退化soil deterioration 土壤恶化soil enrichment 土壤富集soil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil fertility 土壤肥力soil former 成土因素soil genesis 土壤发生soil granulation 土壤团粒形成作用soil horizon 土层soil mineral 土壤矿物质soil moisture content 土壤含水量soil productivity 土壤生产力soil profile 土壤剖面soil retention 土壤持水量soil series 土系列soil structure 土壤结构soil study 土壤研习soil texture 土壤质地soil type 土壤类型soil-water balance 土壤水份平衡soil-water budget 土壤水份收支soil-water recharge 土壤水份补充soil-water storage 土壤水份贮存solar constant 太阳常数solar energy 太阳能solar radiation 太阳幅射solfatara 硫气孔solid waste pollution 固体废料污染solidification 凝固[作用] solifluction 泥流[作用] ; 融冻泥流solonchak 盐土solonetz 碱土solonization 碱化作用solum 土体solution (1)溶蚀[作用] , (2)溶液soot 烟灰sorghum 蜀黍 ; 高梁sorting 分选sound (1)海峡 , (2)海湾source region 源地south pole 南极southeast trades 东南信风southern hemisphere 南半球sparsely populated 人口稀疏spatial association 空间联系spatial change 空间改变spatial distribution 空间分布spatial interaction 空间相互作用spatial organization 空间组织spatial pattern 空间形态spatial process 空间过程spatial structure 空间结构spatial transformation 空间转变special economic zone 经济特区special heat 比热specialization 专业化 ; 专门化specimen 样本speed of onset 始现速度sphere of influence 影响范围spheroidal weathering 球状风化spine 熔岩塔spit (sand spit) 沙嘴splash erosion 溅击侵蚀spodosol 灰土spot height 高程点spring (1)泉 , (2)春天spring equinox 春分spring esapping 泉蚀spring wheat region 春小麦sprinkler irrigation 喷灌spur 山咀squall 飑squall line 飑线squatter 寮屋居民squatter area 寮屋区squatter population 寮屋人口squatter settlement 寮屋聚落stability 稳定状态stable population 稳定人口stack 海蚀柱stalactite 钟乳石stalagmite 石笋standard deviation 标准差standard of living 生活水准standard time zone 标准时区staple crop 主要作物staple food 主食 ; 主要粮食staple food crop 主要粮食作物star diagram 星形图state farm 国营农场 ; 国家农场statement scale 说明式比例尺static equilibrium 静态平衡stationary front 静止锋stationary population 静止人口stationary source 固定来源statistical diagram 统计图表statistics (1)统计数字 , (2)统计学steady state 稳定状态steep slope 陡坡stem flow 茎流step migration 层递迁移steppe 中纬度草原(欧亚大陆) stepped fault 阶状断层stepped slope 梯坡stereoscope 立体镜sterilization 绝育stevenson screen [史提芬逊]天气百业箱stilt-root 支柱根stomata 小孔 ; 气孔stone polygon 石多边形stone ring 石环 ; 石网stony desert (reg) 砾质荒漠 ; 砾质沙漠 ; 砾漠storm surge 风暴大浪strait 海峡strangler 绞杀植物strategic factor 战略因素stratification 层理stratified sampling 分层抽样stratocumulus 层积云stratopause 平流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratum (1)层 , (2)地层;岩层stratus 层云stream capacity 河流最大输沙能力stream channel 河道 ; 河槽stream discharge 河流流量stream order 河流等级 ; 支流级stream piracy (river capture) 河流袭夺streamflow 河川径流street pattern 街道模式stress 应力strike 走向string-like growth pattern 线状增长形态strip cropping 条值 ; 条播strip farming 条植[法] ; 带植[法]strip method 带状法strip mining 条状开采法sub-climax 次顶极[群落]subduction zone 俯冲带subglacial moraine 冰底碛subjective environment 主观环境sublimation (1)升华 , (2)凝华submarine contour 等深线submarine ridge 海底山脉 ; 海脊 ; 海岭submergence 淹没 ; 下沉submergent coast 下沉海岸subpolar low 副极地低压subsequent stream 后成河subsidence 陷落 ; 下沉subsidence crop 自给[性]作物subsidence farming 自给[性]农业subsoil 底土subsystem 子系统 ; 次系统subtropical climate 亚热带气候subtropical high 亚热带高压suburb 近郊 ; 市郊suburban development 近郊发展 ; 市郊发展suburban zone 近郊地带 ; 市郊地带suburbanization 近郊化 ; 市郊化succession 演替succulent 肉质植物sulphur dioxide 二氧化硫summer monsoon 夏季季[候]风summer solstice 夏至sunshine recorder 日照仪supercooled water 过冷[却]水superimposed drainage 迭置水系superimposed stream 迭置河supersaturetion 过饱和surf zone 碎波带surface area 表面面积surface runoff 地表径流surface tention 表面张力surface wave 面波survey 调查 ; 测量suspended load 悬移质suspended particulate 悬浮粒子suspended solid 悬浮固体suspension 悬移[作用] ; 悬浮[作用] suture 缝合线swallow hold (sink, sinkhold) 落水洞swamp 沼泽swash 冲流symbiosis 共生symmetrical fold 对称褶曲syncline 向斜synoptic chart (map) 天气图system 系统systematic sampling 系统抽样tableland 高原tafoni 风化taiga 西伯利亚针叶林talus (scree) 岩屑堆tanker 油轮tannery 皮革厂tap root 主根tarn 冰斗湖tear fault 捩断层technological linkage 科技联系technology 科技technology-intensive industry 科技密集工业tectonic movement 构造运动temperate climate 温带气候temperate continental climate 温带大陆[性]气候temperate deciduous forest 温带落叶林temperate grassland 温带草原temperate rain forest 温带雨林temperature 温度temperature anomaly 温度异常temperature inversion 温度逆增; 逆温temperature range 温差tenancy 佃农制tenant farmer 佃农tendrils 卷须tenement 分租房屋tensional 张力tenureship 佃农制度terminal (end) moraine 终[冰]碛terminal charge 起卸费用terminal cost 场站成本terra rossa 红色石灰土terra roxa 红紫土(巴西)terraced field 梯田terracette 小土滑阶坎 ; 小型阶地terrain 地形terrestrial radiation 地面辐射tertiary activity 第三级活动tertiary industry 第三产业 ; 三级产业tertiary period 第三纪tertiary production 第三级生产tertiary treatment 三级处理textile industry 纺织业texture (1)结构 , (2)质地 , (3)纹理thaw 解冻 ; 融化thematic map 专题地图thermal (heat) capacity 热容量thermal conductivity (1)导热性 , (2)导热系统thermal gradient 热梯度 ; 温度梯度thermal pollution 热污染thermograph 自记温度计thermokarst 热喀斯特thermometer 温度计thermosphere 热层thorn forest 热带旱森林three field system 三区[轮作]制 ; 三圃农作制threshing 打谷threshold (1)限值 ;临界值 , (2)海槛threshold of goods 货品最低需求量threshold population 人口低限throughfall [贯]穿降水[量]throughflow 表层流thrust fault 逆冲断层thrust plane 逆冲断层面thunderstorm 雷暴tidal power 潮汐能tidal range 潮差tidal scour 潮刷tidal wave 潮汐波tide 潮汐tide table 潮汐表till (glacial till) 冰川沉积物 ; 冰碛物till plain 冰碛平原timber line 森林线 ; 树林线time lag 时滞 ;时距time zone 时区tissue 组织tombolo 连岛沙洲top soil 表土topographic map 地形图topography 地势tor 突岩 ; 石塔tornado 龙卷风 ; 陆龙卷torrid zone 热带tourism 旅游业town 市镇 ; 城镇town plan 市镇平面图town planning 城市规划town trail 市镇径townscape 城镇景观toxic waste 毒废料trace element 微量元素trace metal 微量金属trace of precipitation 微量降水traction 推移 ; 滚转trade area 贸易范围 ; 贸易区trade wind 信风 ;贸易风traffic congestion 交通挤塞traffic facilities 交通设施traffic flow 交通流量traffic survey 交通调查transcurrent fault 平移断层transect 样条 ; 横切 ; 横断transform fault 转换断层transhumance 季节性转移放牧 ; 畜牧季移transient population 暂留人口transitional zone 过渡区 ; 过渡带translocation 易位 ; 转移transpiration 蒸腾[作用] transplanting 插秧 ; 移植transport artery 运输干线transport flow 运输流量transport route 运输路线transport zone 运输分区transportation (1)搬运[作用] , (2)运输transshipment point 中转站 ; 转运站transverse dune 横[向]沙丘traverse (1)横越 ; 横断,(2)导线traverse sampling 沿线抽样trawling 拖网法tree crop 木本作物 ; 乔木作物trellis (trellised)drainage [方]格状水系triangular graph 三角形图triangulation 三角测量triassic period 三迭纪tributary 支流tributary area 从属区tributary glacier 冰川支流 ; 支冰川trigonometrical station 三角网测站triple cropping 三造耕作trophic level 食性层次tropic of cancer 北回归线tropic of capricorn 南回归线tropical air mass 热带气团tropical climate 热带气候tropical cyclone 热带气旋tropical depression (t.d.) 热带低气压tropical desert 热带荒漠 ; 热带沙漠tropical desert climate 热带荒漠气候 ; 热带沙漠气候tropical forest 热带森林tropical grassland 热带草原tropical maritime climate 热带海洋[性]气候tropical monsoon climate 热带季风气候tropical rain forest 热带雨林tropical storm (t.s.) 热带风暴tropopause 对流层顶troposphere 对流层trough (1)冰蚀槽 , (2)海槽, (3)低压槽trough of low pressure 低压槽truck farming(market gardening) 园艺农业 ; 蔬菜耕种true (geographical) north 正北true bearing 真方位角truncated spur 削断山咀 ; 切削山咀trunk road 干线公路tsetse fly 睡病蝇(非洲)tsunami 海啸tuff 凝灰岩tundra 苔原 ; 冻原tundra climate 苔原气候 ; 冻原气候tundra soil 冰沼土turbidity 混浊度turbulence 湍流turbulent flow 湍流tussock grass 生草丛twilight industry 夕阳工业twilight zone 衰萎区typhoon 台风ultisol 老成土ultraviolet light 紫外光ultraviolet radiation 紫外线幅射undercutting 底切作用underemployment 未充份就业underground stream 地下河 ; 伏流underground water 地下水undergrowth 树林底下植物 ; 下木undernourishment 营养不良under-population 人口过少undulating plain (1)起伏地 ; (2)丘陵地unemployment 失业unequal class 不等组uneven (irregular) slope 不均匀坡ungrouped data 不分组数据 ; 不分组资料 ; 不分类数据 ; 不分类资料unsaturated air 不饱和空气unstable air 不稳定空气updraft 上升气流upfold 背斜upper wind 上层风 ; 高空风upper class 上等阶层upper class limit 组上限upper course 上游upper weaterlies 高空西风带upper-middle class 中上阶层upstream 上游upthrow 上盘upward filtering process 上滤过程upwelling 涌升流 ; 上涌urban activity 城市活动urban agglomeration 城市聚结urban area 市区urban blight 城市萎缩urban centre 城市中心 ; 市中心urban climate 城市气候urban decay 城市衰落urban development 城市发展urban dweller 城市居民urban ecological process 城市生境过程 ; 城市生态过程urban encroachment 城市蚕食urban fringe 城市边缘urban function 城市功能 ; 城市职能urban growth 城市成长urban heat island 城市热岛urban hierarchy 城市层系urban land use 城市土地利用urban land use model 城市土地利用模式urban morphology 城市形态urban network 城市网络urban planning 城市规划urban priamcy 城市首要性urban problem 城市问题urban redevelopment 市区重建urban region 城市区域urban renewal 市区重建urban settlement 城市聚落urban size (1)城市面积 ; (2)城市人口数目urban sprawl 城市延伸 ; 城市扩展urban system 城市系统 ; 城市体系urbanism 城市生活方式urbanization 城市化; 城镇化urbanized area 城市化地区urban-rural (rural-urban)continuum 城乡连续带user-oriented activities 参予者导向活动u-shaped valley u-形谷vadose 渗流valley 山谷valley breeze (wind) 谷风valley filling 河谷填积[作用]valley glacier 山谷冰川valley wind (breeze) 谷风value-added 增值value-to-weight ratio 价值 , 重量比vaporization 汽化vapour pressure 水气压variability 变异性 ; 变率variable 变数 ; 变项 ; 变量variable cost 可变成本 ; 变动成本vegetation 植被 ; 植物vegetation transcent 植被样条 ; 植被横切面vegetative propagation 营养繁殖veld 稀树草原(南非)vent 喷道ventifact 风棱石ventilation system 通风系统vertical aerial photograph 垂直航空照片 ; 垂直空中照片vertical distance 垂直距离vertical erosion 垂直侵蚀vertical exaggeration 垂直夸大率vertical integration 纵向一体化vertical interval 垂直间距vertical linkage 纵向联系vertical mobility 纵向流动vertical scale 垂直比例[尺]vertical zonation of land use 土地利用的垂直分布vertical zoning of vegetation 植物垂直台带vertisol 变性土vine (1)藤本植物 , (2)葡萄virgin forest 原始林virus 病毒visibility 能见度visible light 可见光visual pollution 视觉污染vital statistics 人口统计数字viticulture 葡萄栽培vivipary 胎萌volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic bomb 火山弹volcanic cone 火山锥volcanic eruption 火山爆发volcanic plug 火山栓volcanic rock (volcanics) 火山岩volcano 火山von thunen model 范杜能模式vortex 旋涡v-shaped valley v-形谷vulcanicity (vulcanism) 火山作用 ; 火山活动vulnerability to hazard 发生灾害可能性wadi [荒漠]干谷 ; [荒漠]旱谷warm front 暖锋warm sector 暖区warm temperate climate 暖温带气候warm temperate continental climate 暖温带大陆[性]气候warm temperate maritime climate 暖温带海洋[性]气候waste collection 废物收集waste disposal 废料处理waste recovery 废料回收waste tip 垃圾堆填区waste treatment 废物处理water (hydrological)cycle 水分循环water balance 水份平衡 ; 水量平衡water body 水体water catchment 集水区water conservancy 水资源保护water deficit 水份亏缺water divide 分水岭;分水线;分水界water pollution 水污染water quality 水质water resources 水资源water retention 水份保持。
地理学专业英语

地理学专业英语English:Geography is a multidisciplinary field that studies the Earth’s physical features, climate patterns, natural resources, and human populations. It examines the spatial relationships between these elements and how they interact with each other. Geographers use various tools and techniques to collect and analyze data, including satellite imagery, geographic information systems (GIS), field surveys, and statistical methods. This enables them to understand and explain the patterns and process es that shape the Earth’s surface and influence human activities. Geography also explores the connections between different regions and cultures, providing insights into globalization, migration, and the impacts of human activities on the environment. It encompasses specific sub-disciplines such as physical geography, human geography, economic geography, and urban geography, each focusing on different aspects of the Earth and human society. Physical geography examines the Earth’s natural environment, including landforms, climate, ecosystems, and biogeography. Human geography studies the human societies, cultures, and behaviors, including population dynamics, urbanization,and cultural landscapes. Economic geography focuses on the spatial distribution of economic activities, such as trade, industry, and agriculture. Urban geography analyzes cities and urban areas, including their development, planning, and spatial organization. Through its holistic approach, geography provides valuable insights into a wide range of global issues, such as climate change, natural hazards, resource management, sustainable development, and social inequality.中文翻译:地理学是一门多学科的学科,研究地球的地理特征、气候模式、自然资源和人口分布。
GIS专业英语

GIS专业英语Abscissa 横坐标absolute accuracy 绝对精度absolute coordinates 绝对坐标Absorption 吸收abstraction 抽取accuracy 精度Add Data 添加数据Across-track scanner 跨径扫描仪active remote sensing 主动遥感Address geocoding 地址地理编码address locator地址定位器Address matching 地址匹配agreement licensee 协议被许可人Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 高级甚高分辨率辐射仪Air station 航摄站alidade照准仪along-track scanner 沿径扫描仪Alphanumeric grid 字母数字网格Anaglyph 视差立体图analog image模拟图像Analysis mask 分析掩模anisotropy各向异性Antipode对跖点apogee远地点Arc 弧architecture 架构archive档案argument参数Arithmetic expression 算术表达式aspatial data 非空间数据aspect ratio纵横比Astrolabe 星盘atlas grid地图集网格atmospheric window大气窗口Atomic clock 原子钟attenuation 衰减authentication 身份验证author 作者Autocorrelation 自相关automated cartography 自动化制图automation scale 自动化比例Autovectorization 自动矢量化axis 轴azimuthal projection 方位投影Backscatter 后向散射band 波段band ratio 波段比band-pass filter 带通滤波器Bandwidth 带宽bar scale比例尺(图形比例尺) base layer 底层base station基站Batch 批量batch geocoding 批量地理编码batch processing 批处理Batch vectorization 批量矢量化bathymetric curve 等深线battleships grid战舰网格Bayesian statistics 贝叶斯统计bearing方位角Bézier curve 贝塞尔曲线Bilinear interpolation 双线性内插法binding绑定binomial distribution 二项式分布Biogeography 生物地理学blind digitizing 盲目数字化block group街区群Block kriging 块段克里金法bookmark 书签boolean 1.布尔数据类型; 2.布尔值Boolean operator 布尔运算符boundary边界boundary line 界线Boundary monument 界标boundary survey 边界测量bounding rectangle边界矩形Bowditch rule 包狄法则break point 断点breakline断裂线browser 浏览器Buffer area 缓冲区business logic 业务逻辑CAD 计算机辅助设计(computer-aided design)Cadastral survey 地籍测量cadastre 地籍calibration 校准,定标callout line标注线Camera station 摄站capacity容量cardinal point方位基点cardinality基数Cartesian coordinate system 笛卡尔坐标系cartogram 统计图cartographer 制图员Cartography 制图学cartouche地图饰框catalog tree 目录树catchment流域Categorical raster 类目栅格celestial sphere天球cell size栅格大小cells 栅格Cellular automaton 元胞自动机census block人口普查区块Census geography人口普查地理学center 中心点centerline中心线centerpoint中点Central meridian中央子午线centroid 重心chart 图表chi-square statistic卡方统计Choropleth map 面量图chroma色度chronometer 天文钟circle圆Circular variance 圆方差civilian code民用码Clarke Belt克拉克带Clarke ellipsoid 克拉克椭球Clarke spheroid 克拉克椭球面Clearinghouse(信息或服务)交换中心clinometric map坡度图code-phase GPS 码相位GPS Cognitive map认知图coincident重叠cokriging协同克里金法command 命令Command line 命令行compass north罗经北compass point 罗经点compass rose罗经盘Compass rule罗盘仪法则compression program 压缩程序Computational geometry计算几何学Containment 包含Conformal projection 等角投影,保角投影,正形投影conformality保形性Conic projection 圆锥投影conjoint boundary共同边界constant azimuth恒定方位Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata 数字地理空间元数据的内容标准Continuous raster 连续栅格contour 等高线,等值线contour drawings 等高线图,等值线图Contour interval 等高线间距,等值线间距contour line等高线,等值线Contour tagging 等高线标注,等值线标注contrast ratio 对比度Contrast stretch 对比度扩展convergence angle收敛角conversion转换Convex hull 凸包coordinate geometry坐标几何学coordinate system 坐标系Coordinated universal time 协调世界时correlation相关Corridor analysis走廊分析, 廊道分析county subdivision县级分区Covariance 协方差Coverage 1.覆盖面;2.ESRI图层Cracking 裂化Crandall rule Crandall 法则crop guide 裁切参考线crop marks 裁切标记Cross correlation 交叉相关cross covariance 交叉协方差cross tabulation 交叉表Cross validation 交叉验证Cross variogram交叉变差函数Cubic convolution立方卷积插值法cultural feature人文要素Cultural geography文化地理学curb approach路边通道curve fitting曲线拟合Customizations 自定义cylindrical projection圆柱投影Dangle length悬线长度Dangle tolerance 悬线容差dangling arc 悬弧Dasymetric mapping分区制图(多用于人口数据)data management 数据管理Data table 数据表dataset 数据集datum基准DBMS 数据库管理系统(data-base management system) Dead reckoning 航位推测法Declination 1.偏角;2.磁偏角degree slope坡度Delaunay triangulation 德洛内三角Delimiter 分隔符demography人口统计学Densify 增密densitometer密度计Density slicing 密度分割deploy 部署或安装(硬件、软件等)Depression contour 洼地等高线depth contour等深线Depth curve 深度曲线Descending node 降交点Desire-line analysis期望线分析desktop 桌面Desktop clients 桌面客户端Desktop GIS 桌面GIS destination目标Determinate flow direction确定性流向Deterministic model 确定性模型Detrending 趋势分离developable surface可展表面developer 开发人员Development environment 开发环境Diazo process重氮晒印法difference 差异Differential correction 差分校正Differential Global Positioning System 差分全球定位系统Diffusion 扩散Digital elevation model 数字高程模型Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard 数字化地理信息交换标准Digital Geographic Information Working Group 数字地理信息工作组Digital image processing 数字图像处理Digital line graph 数字线划图Digital nautical chart 数字海图Digital number 数值Digital orthophoto quadrangle 数字正射影像图Digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle 数字正射影像象限图Digital raster graphic 数字栅格图digital terrain elevation data 数字地形高程数据Digital terrain model 数字地形模型digitizer数字化仪Dijkstra’s algorithm狄捷斯特拉算法dilution of precision精度衰减因子Dimension 尺寸,维,维度directed network flow有向网络流Direction 方向Dirichlet tessellation荻瑞斯莱特镶嵌,荻瑞斯莱特剖分Discovery 发现discrete data离散数据discrete digitizing离散数字化Discrete raster 离散栅格数据Displacement 位移display scale显示比例Display unit显示单位dissemination扩散,传播distance距离Distance decay距离衰减Distance unit距离单位Distortion变形district 地区Dithering 抖动Diurnal arc周日弧docking停靠Doppler shift多普勒位移Doppler-aided GPS 多普勒辅助GPS dot density map点密度图Dot distribution map 点分布图double precision双精度Double-coordinate precision 双坐标精度Douglas-Peucker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法downstream下游Drafting 描绘draping叠加,披盖drift漂移drive-time area驾车时间区Drop-down list 下拉列表drum scanner鼓式扫描仪Dual Independent Map Encoding 双重独立坐标地图编码Dynamic zoom 动态缩放Easting 东距eccentricity 偏心率ecliptic 黄道edge边Edgematching 边缘匹配elastic transformation弹性变形Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱electronic atlas电子地图集element 元素Electronic navigational chart 电子航海图Elevation guide 高程指南ellipsoid 椭球体Ellipticity 椭圆率End offset 末端偏移endpoint 端点enterprise GIS 企业级GIS Entity objects 实体对象envelope包络矩形environmental model 环境模型Ephemeris 星历表equal competition area平等竞争区equal-area classification等积分类Equal-area projection 等积投影equal-interval classification等距分类Equatorial plane 赤道面equidistant projection等距投影ESRI Data ESRI 数据Event 事件exponent指数export导出exposure station 摄站expression表达式Extended 扩展extent范围extrapolation 外插法extrude 拉伸extrusion拉伸Face 平面false easting 东移假定值false northing北移假定值feature 要素Federal Geographic Data Committee 美国联邦地理数据委员会field 字段Fill 填充fillet圆角filter过滤器,过滤flow direction流向flow map流向图Focal analysis邻域分析focal functions邻域函数form 地形,形式fractal 分形Framework 框架frequency 频率from-node 起点Full Extent 完整范围Fuzzy boundary 模糊边界Fuzzy classification 模糊分类fuzzy set 模糊集合Fuzzy tolerance 模糊容差Gauss-Krüger projection 高斯-克吕格投影Generalization 概化,(数据库或地图的)综合技术Geocentric coordinate system 地心坐标系geocode地理编码geocoding 地理编码Geocomputation 地理计算geodata 地理数据geodatabase 地理数据库Geodatabase data model 地理数据库数据模型Geodataset 地理数据集Geodesic 测地线Geodetic 测地学geographic coordinate system 地理坐标系Geographic information science 地理信息学Geographic Information System (GIS) 地理信息系统(GIS)Geography 地理学geography level 地理等级Geography Markup Language地理标记语言Geoid 大地水准面geoid-ellipsoid separation大地水准面-地球椭球面分离Geolocation 几何定位geometric coincidence 几何重叠Geometric correction 几何校正Geometric dilution of precision 几何精度衰减因子Geometric network 几何网络Geometric transformation 几何变换Geometry 几何学geomorphology 地貌学Geoprocessing 地理处理Georectification地理校正Georeference 地理参考Georeferencing 地理参考georelational data model 地理相关数据模型Geospatial data 地理空间数据geospatial data clearinghouse 地理空间数据交换中心Geospatial technology 地理空间技术Geospecific model 地学相关模型Geostationary 对地静止geostatistics地理统计学geosynchronous 对地同步Geotypical model 典型地理模型GIS地理信息系统GIScience地理信息学Global Navigation Satellite System 全球卫星导航系统Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GUI GUI (图形用户界面)Global spatial data infrastructure 全球空间数据基础架构Glyph 字形gnomonic projection日晷投影Go to ǿȀ转至ǿȀGPS 全球定位系统Grad 梯度(原英文单词可能有误) gradian 梯度gradient 坡度,斜率graticule 经纬网Gravimeter 重力计gravimetric geodesy 大地重力学gravity model 引力模型Gray scale 灰度great circle 大圆Greenwich mean time格林尼治标准时间Greenwich meridian格林尼治子午线grid 网格grid cell网格单元ground 大地,地面Hachure 晕渲线Hamiltonian circuit汉密尔顿回路Hamiltonian path汉密尔顿路径Height 高度Helmert transformation 线性正形变换hemisphere半球Heuristic 试探算法,试探函数hexadecimal 十六进制High Accuracy Reference Network高精度基准网High Precision Geodetic Network高精度大地基准网Hillshading 坡面阴影,晕渲histogram equalization直方图均衡化Hole 孔洞Horizontal geodetic datum 水平大地基准human geography 人文地理学Hydrography 水文地理学hydrologic cycle水循环hydrology水文学hyperlink 超链接Hypsography 测高学,地势图hypsometric curve等高线hypsometric map地势图Hypsometry 测高法Identify 识别identity link一致性链接illumination照度image coordinate图像坐标Image data 图像数据image division图像除法运算image scale 图像比例尺Image space 图像空间imager成像仪impedance阻抗import 导入IMS IMS (网络地图服务器,Internet Map Server) incident energy入射能量Index 索引index map索引图infrared scanner红外扫描仪Infrastructure 基础设施inset map插图instance 实例instantiation实例化Integer data 整数型数据integration 集成intensity 亮度Interactive vectorization 交互矢量化Interchange format 交换格式Interferogram干涉图intermediate data中间数据International date line 国际日期变更线international meridian国际子午线International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织Interpolation内插法interrupted projection分瓣投影intrinsic stationarity 内在稳态Inverse distance weighted interpolation 反距离加权内插法Irregular triangular mesh 不规则三角网Irregular triangular surface model 不规则三角面模型Isanomal 等地平Isarithm 等数线Isobar 等压线isochrone 等时线Isohyet 等雨量线Isolines 等值线isometric line 等容线isopleth 等值线isotherm等温线Isotropy无向性iteration 迭代iterative procedure迭代过程Jaggies 锯齿Jenks’ optimization詹克斯优化joint operations graphic 联合作战地图Junction element 交点元素Kernel 内核key identifier 主标识符kinematic positioning 动态定位Knockout 分离区(信号或通讯的中断) known point 已知点Kohonen map 柯霍南图Kriging 克里金法label标签labeling 标注lag 间隔land cover土地覆盖land information system土地信息系统land use土地利用landform 地形landmark 地标Landsat 陆地卫星landscape ecology景观生态学large scale 大比例尺lattice 点阵面layers 层layout 布局least squares 最小二乘法level 水平leveling 水平测量library 类库license 许可证license agreement 许可协议licensee 被许可人lidar 激光雷达line线line feature线要素line of sight 视线line simplification 线条简化line smoothing 线条平滑linear dimension 线性尺寸linear feature 线性要素linear interpolation 线性内插法linear referencing 线性参考(用于交通GIS) linear unit 线性单位localization 本地化location query 位置查询location-allocation 位置分配location-based services 基于位置的服务logarithm 对数logical network逻辑网络loop traverse 闭合导线loxodrome 恒向线Magnetic bearing 磁方位magnetometer 磁力计majority resampling 多数重新采样Map algebra 地图代数map collar地图边缘map display 地图显示Map document地图文档map element地图元素map extent地图范围Map feature 地图要素map generalization 地图概化,地图综合Map projection 地图投影Map query 地图查询map reading地图阅读map scale 地图比例尺map series地图系列Map service 地图服务map sheet地图map style地图风格map unit 地图单位Mapping 制图mask掩模mass point散点mathematical operator 数学运算符Matrix 矩阵mean center平均中心mean sea level 平均海平面Mean stationarity 平均稳态Measure 测量measure value 测量值Measurement residual 测量残差median中间数median center平均中心Mental map 意境图meridian子午线metadata 元数据Metropolitan statistical area 大都市统计区microdensitometer 测微密度计Micrometer 1.测微计; 2.微米minimum bounding rectangle 最小边界矩形Minimum map unit 最小地图单位minor axis短轴misclosure 闭合差Mitigation 减轻mobile clients 移动客户端Mobile GIS 移动GIS Model 模型Monument 标石morphology 形态学mosaic 镶嵌图mud pit 泥浆池Multichannel receiver 多频道接收器multidimensional data多维数据Multipart feature 多部分要素multipatch feature 带纹理要素Multiplexing channel receiver 多路复用频道接收器multipoint feature 多点要素Multispectral scanner 多光谱扫描仪multivariate analysis 多元分析My Places 我的位置National Spatial Data Infrastructure 美国国家空间数据基础设施Natural breaks classification 自然分类navigation 导航Navstar Navstar (美国国防部全球定位系统联合服务项目)Neighborhood statistics 邻域统计networked 联网node 节点Noncoterminous polygon 非相连多边形nonversioned 非版本normal distribution 正态分布Normal probability distribution 正态概率分布northing 北距Oblate ellipsoid扁椭球体oblate spheroid扁椭球面offset 偏移Oill spill 溢油(原文oill 应为Oil) Online GIS 在线GISOpen Geodata Interoperability Specification 开放地理空间数据互操作规范Open Geospatial Consortium 开放地理空间协会open traverse 不闭合导线OpenGIS Consortium OpenGIS 协会OpenLS OpenLS (OpenGIS所包含的Open Location Service)Operand 运算数operator运算符optical center 光学中心ordinal data序数数据Ordinary kriging 普通克里金法ordinate 纵坐标Ordnance Survey 英国陆地测量局Orientation 方向origin point 原点orthogonal offset 正交偏移Orthographic 正交orthomorphic 正形orthophoto 正射影像Orthophotograph 正射影像orthophotoquad 无等高线正射影像overview map 总览图Orthophotoscope 正射投影仪orthorectification 正射校正outlier 异常值Outline vectorization 轮廓矢量化output data 输出数据Overlay 重叠Overprinting 套印Pan 平移panchromatic sharpening 全色锐化parallax bar 视差尺Parameter 参数parametric curve 参数曲线passive remote sensing 被动遥感Passive sensors 被动传感器Path 路径Pathfinding 路径搜寻peak山峰Percent slope 斜率perigee 近地点persistence 持久性photogeology 摄影地质学Photogrammetry 摄影测量学Photomap 摄影地图photometer光度计Physical geography 自然地理学pit 洼地,山谷placement 放置Planar coordinate system 平面坐标系planar enforcement 平面强化planarize平面化Plane 平面planimetric map 平面图planimetric shift 平面位移Platform 平台Plot 绘图plotter绘图仪plumb line铅垂线point 点point digitizing 点数字化Point event 点事件point feature 点要素point line 点线Point mode digitizing 点模式数字化point size点大小Point-in-polygon overlay 多边形内点重叠polar aspect 极方位坡向Polar flattening 极向扁率polar orbit 极轨道polar radius 极半径Policy and management 政策与管理Polygon overlay 多边形重叠Polyhedron 多面体Polyline 折线position位置postal code 邮政编码precision code 精确码Prime meridian 本初子午线prime vertical 东西圈probability map概率图Profile graph 剖面图projected coordinate system 投影坐标系Projective transformation 射影变换prolate ellipsoid 长椭球体property属性Proximity analysis 邻近分析pseudo node 伪节点pseudo-random number伪随机数Public Land Survey System美国公共土地测量系统pyramid金字塔QQ plot QQ 图quadrangle maps 梯形图幅quadrant象限quadrat analysis样方分析Quadtree 四叉树quantile 分位数quantile classification 分位数分类Quantile scatter chart 分位数散点图quantitative data 数量数据Quantitative geography 数量地理学query 查询Radar altimeter 雷达测高计Radar interferometry 雷达干涉测量Radian 弧度Radiation 辐射radio button 单选按钮radio waves 无线电波radiometer 辐射计Radiometric 辐射测量radius半径random noise随机噪声range范围,距离Range domain 范围域,距离域raster 栅格raster band栅格层raster cell 栅格单元Raster data model栅格数据模型Raster dataset band 栅格数据层Raster model 栅格模型Raster preprocessing 栅格预处理Raster snapping 栅格贴齐Raster tracing 栅格跟踪Rasterization 栅格化ratioing 比值法ray tracing 光线跟踪RDBMS 关系数据库管理系统reclassification 重分类Record 记录Record selector 记录选择器rectangular survey 矩形测量rectification 校正Rectilinear 直线,纵横线redistricting 重新区划reference data 参考数据Reference grid 参考网格Reference level 基准面Reference map 基准图Reference spheroid 参考椭球面Reference system 参考系统Referential integrity 参照完整性Reflectance 反射率reflected back 反射Region 地区,区域regression回归relational join 关系结合Relational operator 关系运算符relationship 关系relative accuracy相对精度Relative bearing 相对方位relative mode 相对模式relative path 相对路径Release of hazardous liquids 有害液体的泄漏relief efforts 救助Relief shading 地貌晕渲remote-sensing imagery 遥感图像Replaced hachuring 替代晕渲法replication 复制Representation 表示法,表现Representative fraction数字比例尺reprojection 重新投影resampling 重采样Residuals 残差resolution merging 分辨率融合restriction 限制Reverse geocoding 反地理编码rhumb line 恒向线ring 圆环ring study圆环分析River addressing 河道寻址rotation 旋转route路线row行R-tree R 树Satellite image 卫星图像satellite imagery 卫星图像saturation饱和度Scalable 可伸缩scale bar 比例尺scale factor 比例系数scale range 比例尺范围Scatter chart 散点图scene 场景,景(卫星图像单位) Schema 架构Seamless pan 无缝平移secant projection 正割投影section 弧段segment线段Self-organizing map 自组织影射图semantics 语义semimajor axis 半长轴Semiminor axis 半短轴semivariogram 半变差函数Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Sensor 传感器sequence 序列sequential analysis 顺序分析Serialization 序列化Server GIS 服务器GIS sextant 六分仪shaded relief image 晕渲地貌图Shaded relief map 晕渲地貌图shading 晕渲Shape 形状Shapefile 形状文件(ESRI数据格式) shield盾牌,(地质学)地盾shift位移Shortcuts 快捷方式short-range variation 短程变化signal 信号Signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比signature特征significance level 显著性水平Sill 基台simple kriging 简单克里金法simultaneous conveyance 同时传达Sink 端点,汇点site prospecting 选址分析slope坡度smooth 平滑Snapping tolerance 捕捉容差soil 土壤sonar 声纳soundex 语音编码算法Source 起点,源点source data 源数据space coordinate system 空间坐标系Spaghetti data 无位相数据spaghetti digitizing 无位相数字化spatial analysis 空间分析Spatial cognition 空间认知spatial data 空间数据Spatial Data Transfer Standard空间数据传输标准spatial database空间数据库Spatial join 空间结合spatial modeling 空间建模spatial overlay空间叠加Spatial query 空间查询spatial reference空间参考spatial weights matrix空间权重矩阵Spatialization 空间化spectral resolution 光谱分辨率spectral signature 光谱特征Spectrometer 光谱仪spectrophotometer分光光度计Spectroscopy 光谱学Spectrum 光谱sphere球体spheroid 椭球面,椭球体spider diagram蛛网图Spike 尖峰,异常线spline 样条函数spot 点spurious polygon 伪多边形Standard deviation 标准偏差Standard Generalized Markup Language 标准通用标记语言Standard Industrial Classification codes 标准工业分类代码Star diagram 星形图state状态state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标系Static positioning 静态定位Stationarity 稳态Stationing 定位参考Statistical surface 统计表面steep 陡峭steradian 球面度Stereocompilation 立体测图Stereogrammatic organization 立体法结构Stereographic projection 球极平面投影Stereometer 体积计Stereomodel 立体模型Stereopair 立体像对Stereoplotter 立体绘图仪stochastic model 随机性模型stream digitizing 流数字化Stream mode digitizing 流模式数字化stream tolerance 流容差streaming 数据流Stretch 拉伸string 线段串,字符串Structure 结构study area 研究区域Surface fitting 曲面拟合surface model 曲面模型surround element 周边元素Survey marker 方位标survey monument方位标survey station测点Symbol 符号Tangent projection 切面投影taskbar 任务栏temporal data 时态数据Temporal GIS 时态GIS territory 地域Tessellation 网格化textbox 文本框Texture 纹理thematic map 专题地图theodolite 经纬仪Thiessen polygons 泰森多边形Thinning 细化third normal form 第三范式three-dimensional shape 三维形状Three-tier configuration 三层结构threshold ring analysis 阈值环分析Tidal datum 潮位基准面tie point 连接点tie survey 连接测量Tissot indicatrix 天梭指示线tolerance 容差toolbar 工具栏,工具条toolbox 工具箱Tools toolbox 工具工具箱topographic contours 地形等高线topography地形学, 地形Topological overlay 拓扑重叠Topology error 拓扑误差toponym 地名tour巡回路线Township 镇区tracing 跟踪tracking data 跟踪数据tract 人口普查区transaction事务Transformation 变换transit rule 过渡法则translation平移,转换Transverse aspect横轴法投影traverse 导线triangulated irregular network 不规则三角网Triangulation 三角测量trilateration 三边测量true bearing 真实方位true curve 真实曲线True north 真北tuple 元组turn impedance转弯阻抗turn-by-turn maps多段显示地图Tutorial 教程uninitialized flow direction 未初始化的流向United States Geological Survey 美国地质勘测局univariate distribution 一元分布Universal kriging 通用克里金法universal polar stereographic 通用极球面投影坐标网Universal Soil Loss Equation 通用土壤流失方程universal time 世界时Universal transverse Mercator 统一横轴墨卡托投影upstream 上游Urban geography 城市地理学Urban Vector Map 城市矢量图Valency 度validation验证variable 变量variance 方差Variance-covariance matrix 方差协方差矩阵 Variogram 变差函数Variography 变差法Vector 矢量vectorization 矢量化verbal scale 言语比例尺Vertex 顶点Vertical axis 纵轴vertical coordinate system 垂直坐标系Vertical exaggeration 垂直夸大Vertical geodetic datum垂直大地基准Vertical photograph 垂直航拍图viewshed 视域visible scale range 可见比例范围Visual center 视觉中心visual hierarchy 视觉层次visualization可视化V oronoi diagram V oronoi 图V oxel 三维像素Warping 变形waterfall model 瀑布模型Watershed 分水岭Wavelength 波长wavelet compression 小波压缩wayfinding 路线搜寻Waypoint 路点Web clients Web 客户端Web-enabled 支持Web Weight 权重Weighted mean center 加权平均中心weighted moving average 加权移动平均Weighted overlay 加权重叠weird polygon 复杂多边形well 水井World 世界Windowing 窗口Wireframe 线框workbook 工作簿,练习册workflow 工作流Zenithal projection 天顶投影zonal analysis 区域分析zonal functions 区域函数zone of interpolation 内插区zoning 分区zoom 缩放。
中英文地理信息系统(GIS)英语词汇表

accreditation 委派accuracy 准确度acquisition 获取activity patterns 活动模式added value 附加值adjacency邻接Aeolian 伊奥利亚人的, 风的, 风蚀的Age of Discovery 发现的年代aggregation聚合algorithm, definition算法,定义ambiguity 不明确analytical cartography 分析制图application programming interfaces(APIs) 应用编程接口ARCGis 美国ESRI公司开发的世界先进的地理信息系统软件ArcIMS 它是个强大的,基于标准的工具,让你快速设计和管理Internet地图服务ArcInfo 在ArcGIS软件家族中,ArcInfo是GIS软件中功能最全面的。
它包含ArcView和ArcEditor 所有功能,并加上高级空间处理和数据转换ArcNews 美国ESRI向用户终生免费赠送的ArcNews报刊ArcSDE ArcSDE在ESRI GIS软件和DBMS之间提供通道,是一个空间数据引擎ArcUser Magazine 为ESRI用户创建的报刊ArcView 桌面GIS和制图软件,提供数据可视化,查询,分析和集成功能,以及创建和编辑地理数据的能力ARPANET ARPA 计算机网(美国国防部高级研究计划局建立的计算机网)aspatial data 非空间数据?Association of Geographic Information (AGI) 地理信息协会attribute data 属性数据attributes, types 属性,类型attributive geographic data 属性地理数据autocorrelation 自相关Autodesk MapGuide 美国Autodesk公司生产的Web GIS软件Automated mapping/facility management(AM/FM) systems 自动绘图/设备管理系统facilities 设备avatars 化身A VIRIS 机载可见光/红外成像光谱仪azimuthal projections 方位投影batch vectorization 批量矢量化beer consumption 啤酒消费benchmarking 基准Berry, Brianbest fit line 最优线binary counting system 二进制计算系统binomial distribution 二项式分布bivariate Gaussian distribution 二元高斯分布block encoding 块编码Bosnia, repartitioning 波斯尼亚,再分离成两个国家buffering 缓冲区分析Borrough, PeterBusiness and service planning(retailing) application in petroleum and convenience shopping 石油和便利购物的业务和服务规划(零售)应用business drivers 业务驱动business, GIS as 业务,地理信息系统作为Buttenfield, Barbaracadasters 土地清册Callingham, Martincannibalizing 调拨Cartesian coordinate system笛卡尔坐标系Cartograms 统计地图cartographic generalization 制图综合cartographic modeling 地图建模cartometric transformations 量图变换catalog view of database 数据库目录视图census data人口普查数据Census of Population 人口普查central Place Theory 中心区位论central point rule 中点规则central tendency 中心倾向centroid 质心choropleth mapping分区制图choosing a GIS 选择一个地理信息系统class 类别classification generalization 分类综合client 客户端client-server C/S结构客户端-服务器cluster analysis 聚类分析clutter 混乱coastline weave 海岸线codified knowledge 编码知识COGO data 坐标几何数据COGO editing tools 坐标几何编辑工具Collaboration 协作Local level 地方级National level 国家级Collection-level metadata 获取级元数据Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) systems 成熟的商业化系统chemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" />>> Commom object request broker architecture (CORBA) 公共对象请求代理体系结构Community, GIS 社区,地理信息系统Competition 竞争Component GIS 组件地理信息系统Component object model (COM) 组件对象模型Computer assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) 辅助大量估价,>>Computer-aided design (CAD)-based GIS 基于计算机辅助制图的地理信息系统Models 数据模型Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool 计算机辅助软件工程工具Concatenation 串联Confidence limits 置信界限Conflation 异文合并Conformal property 等角特性Confusion matrix 混淆矩阵Conic projections 圆锥投影Connectivity 连接性Consolidation 巩固Constant term 常数项Contagious diffusion 传染扩散Continuing professional development (CPD) 持续专业发展Coordinates 坐标Copyright 版权Corridor 走廊Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析Cost-effectiveness evaluation 成本效率评估Counting method 计算方法Cresswell, PaulCustomer support 客户支持Cylindrical Equidistant Projection 圆柱等距投影Cylindrical projections 圆柱投影> >Dangermond, Jack 美国ESRI总裁>> dasymetric mapping 分区密度制图>>data 数据>>automation 自动化>>capture costs 获取代价>>capture project 获取工程>>collection workflow 采集工作流>> compression 压缩>>conversion 转换>>definition 定义>>geographic, nature of 地理数据,数据的性质>> GIS 地理信息系统>>industry 产业>>integration 集成>>mining 挖掘>>transfer 迁移>>translation 转化>>data model 数据模型>> definition 定义>>levels of abstraction 提取等级>> in practice 实际上>>types 类型>>database 数据库>>definition 定义>>design 设计>>generalization 综合>>global 全球的>>index 索引>>multi-user editing 多用户编辑>> structuring 结构>>database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统>>capabilities 能力>>data storage 数据存储>>geographic extensions 地理扩展>>types 类型>>Dayton Accord 达顿协定,1995年12月达顿协定(DAYTON ACCORD)签订,巴尔干和平已经实现,波斯尼亚(包括黑塞哥维那)再被分解成两个国家>>decision support 决策支持>>deductive reasoning 演绎推理>>definitions of GIS 地理信息系统的各种定义>>degrees of freedom 自由度>>density estimation 密度估算>>dependence in space 空间依赖>>desktop GIS 桌面地理信息系统>>desktop paradigms 桌面范例>>Digital Chart of the World (DCW) 世界数字化图>>digital divide 数字鸿沟>>Digital Earth 数字地球>>Digital elevation models (DEMs) 数字高程模型>>Digital line graph (DLG) 数字线划图>>Digital raster graphic (DRG) 数字影像图>>Digital representation 数字表现>>Digital terrain models 数字地形模型>>Digitizing 数字化>>DIME (Dual Independent Map Encoding) program 美国人口调查局建立的双重独立地图编码系统>> Dine CARE >>Discrete objects 离散对象>>Douglas-Poiker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法,一种矢量数据抽稀算法>>Dublin Core metadata standard 都柏林核心元数据标准>>Dynamic segmentation 动态分割>>Dynamic simulation models 动态仿真模型>>> >Easting 朝东方>>Ecological fallacy 生态谬误>>e-commerce 电子商业>>editing 编辑>>education 教育>>electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱>>ellipsoids 偏振光椭圆率测量仪>>of rotation 旋转的>>emergency evacuation 应急撤退>>encapsulation 封装>>environmental applications 环境应用>>environmental impact 环境影响>>epidemiology 流行病学>>equal area property 等面积特性>>Equator 赤道>>ERDAS ERDAS公司是世界上最大的专业遥感图像处理软件公司,用户遍布100多个国家,软件套数超过17000套。
地理专业词汇英语翻译(27)
地理专业词汇英语翻译(27)geodetic satellite 测地卫星geodetic survey 大地测量geodetic zenith 大地天顶geodetics 测地学geodimeter 光电测距仪geodynamics 地球动力学geoenergetic theory 地球能量论geoflexure 地球褶皱geognosy 地球构造学geographic azimuth 地理方位角geographic coordinate net 地理坐标格网geographic coordinate values 地理坐标值geographic coordinates 地理坐标geographic cycle 地理循环geographic data 地理资料geographic data base 地理资料库geographic data handling 地理数据外理geographic elements 地理要素geographic information 地理信息geographic information system 地理信息系统geographic latitude 地理纬度geographic longitude 地理经度geographic meridian 地理子午线geographic name 地理名称geographic network 地理坐标网geographic north 地理北geographic pathology 地理病理学geographical components 地理成分geographical distribution 地理分布geographical environment 地理环境geographical information system 地理信息系统geographical isolation 地理隔离geographical landscape 地理景观geographical map 地图geographical position 地理位置geographical variation 地理变异geographical vicariad 地理的替代种geographical zonality 地理地带性geographical zonation 地理地带性geographical zone 地理带geography 地理学geohistory 地史学geohydrology 水文地质学geoid 地球体geoidal height 大地水准面高geoisotherm 等地温线geologic barometer 地质压力计geologic column 地质柱状图geologic map 地质图geologic time scale 地质年代表geological aerosurvey 地质航空勘测geological age 地质时代geological column map 地质柱状地图geological cycle 地质回旋geological environment 地质环境geological formation 地质建造geological map of bed rocks 基岩地质图geological profile 地质剖面geological remote sensing 地质遥感geological reserves 地质储量geological structure 地质构造geology 地质学geomagnetic axis 地磁轴geomagnetic latitude 地磁纬度geomagnetic pole 地磁极geomagnetic reversal 地磁反向geomagnetism 地磁geometer 测地仪geometric correction 几何校正geometric distortion 几何畸变geometric generalization 几何综合geometric mean 几何平均geomicrobiological prospecting 地球微生物探矿geomicrobiology 地球微生物学geominating capacity 发芽能力geomorphic contrasts 地貌衬度geomorphic history 地貌发展史geomorphic levels 地貌水准面geomorphologic agent 地貌营力geomorphologic map 地形图geomorphological profile 地貌剖面geomorphological regionalisation 地貌的区域化geomorphology 地形学geonomics 经济地理学geony 地原学geophagia 食土癖geophagy 食土癖geophone 地震检波器geophotogrammetry 地面摄影测量术geophysical prospecting 地球物理勘探geophysics 地球物理学geophysiography 地球学geophyte 地下芽植物geophytes 地下芽植物geopotential 重力势geoscopy 测地学geospheres 陆圈geostationary meteorological satellite 地球静止气象卫星geostationary meteorological satellite system 地球静止气象卫星系统geostationary operational environmental satellite 同步环境实用卫星geostationary orbit 地球静止轨道geostationary satellite 地球静止卫星geostratigraphy 全球地层学geostrophic current 地转风气流geostrophic wind 地转风geosuture 地缝合线geosynclinal area 地槽区geosynclinal belt 地槽带geosynclinal system 地槽系geosyncline 地槽geotechnical system 地质工学系geotechnics 土工学geotechnological regionalization 地学工程技术区划geotectonic geology 大地构造地质学geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 构造地质学geotecture 大地构造geothermal gradient 地温梯度geothermal remote sensing 地热遥感geothermal well 地热井坑geothermy 地热geotropism 向地性germ 萌芽german measles 风疹germanium 锗germicide 杀菌剂germinating ability 发芽能力germination 发芽geyser 间歇泉geyserite 硅华ghost echo 回波giant's kettle 瓯穴giantism 巨人症gibbsite 三水铝矿gigantism 巨人症gilgai 粘土小洼地gismondite 多水高岭土glacial 冰河的glacial amphitheater 粒雪盆glacial anticyclone 冰原反气旋glacial cycle 冰川旋回glacial denudation 冰蚀glacial deposit 冰川沉积glacial erosion 冰蚀glacial erosion cycle 冰蚀轮回glacial erosion lake 冰蚀湖glacial flora 冰川植物群glacial forms of relief 冰川地形glacial geology 冰川地质学glacial lake 冰川湖glacial moulin 冰川磨glacial period 冰纪glacial polish 冰川磨片glacial pot hole 冰川穴glacial scratches 冰川擦痕glacial stage 冰川期glacial stairway 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial steps 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial stream 冰河glacial stria 冰川擦痕glacial till 冰碛物glacial trough 冰川槽glacial valley 冰蚀谷。
GIS专业英语课程复习个人总结
GIS专业英语课程复习个人总结简答题:10*2GIS:in the broadest possible terms ,geographic information systems are tools that allow for the processibg of spatial data into information ,tied explicitly to ,and used to make decision about ,some portion of the earth. Subsystem:A data input subsystem that collects and preprocesses s patial data from various sources.this subsystem is also largely responsible for the the tran sformation of different types ofspatial data.A data storage and retrieval sub system that organizes the spatia l data in a manner that allo ws retrieval ,updating ,and editi ng.A data manipulation and analysissubsystem that performs ta sks on the data ,aggregates a nd disaggregates ,estimates parameters and constrain s ,and performs mideling functions.A reporting subsystem that displa ys all or part of the databasein tabular,graphic ,or map form.汉译英:Traditional ly spatial data has be en stored and presented in the form of a map传统上空间数据以地图的形存储和表达。
GIS专业英语教学教材
GIS专业英语教学教材G I S专业英语第⼀课Comprehensive:全⾯的,综合的,Intellectual:智⼒的,才智的Jargon:专业术语Terminology:专业术语Geomatique:地理信息技术Geoscience:地球科学Derivative:派⽣物,衍⽣物Cartography:地图绘制学,地图绘制Architect:建筑师Preliminary:初步的,起始的Enumerate:列举,枚举Resemble:像,与……相似Transformation:转换第⼆课Automated:⾃动化的Equivalent:a等价的Cartographer:绘制图表者,制图师Mylar:胶⽚Electronic:电⼦的Encode:编码Orthophotoquad:正射影像图Aerial:空中的,航空的Aggregation:集合,聚合,集合体Reproduction:再现,复制,繁殖Dissemination:传播,宣传,传染Counterpart:相似之物Compactness:致密性Complexity:复杂,复杂性Hamper:阻碍,束缚Retrieval:取回,恢复,修补Analog:模拟的Planimeter:测⾯器,求积仪Phenomena:现象Quantitative:数量的,定量的Histogram:直⽅图,柱状图Supplementally:追加,补充Modification:修改,变型Cartogram:统计地图,统计图Hand-drawn:⼿绘Emergency:紧急事件Employe:雇佣,雇⼯Clarify:澄清,阐明Taxonomy:分类学,分类法Bifurcation:分歧,分叉Parcel:地块Conservation:保存,保持Procurement:获得,取得,采购Wildlife:野⽣动植物Earthquake:地震Landslide:泥⽯流,⼭崩Cadastral:地籍的,有关⼟地清册的Geodetic:⼤地测量学,最短线的Sophisticated:精致的,复杂的第三课Pervade:弥漫,遍及Aspect:坡向,⽅向,⾯貌Inevitable:必然的,不可避免的Proprietary:所有的,专利的Mineral:矿物的,矿质的Military:军队,军⼈Electricity:电⼒,电流Telecommunication:通讯,电信学Interconnect:使相互连接,相互联系Administrative:管制的,⾏政的Environmental:环境的,周围的Attribute:属性,特质Procedure:步骤,程序,⼿续Manipulation:操作,操纵,处理Historically:历史上地,Subsume:把…..归⼊,把…..包括在Eclipse:形成蚀,使黯然失⾊Visualization:可视化,Immense:巨⼤的,⼴⼤的Analogue:类似,相似物Conventional:常见的,惯例的Enquire:询问,打听Coniferous:松柏科的Highlight:强调,突出,Stress:强调,加压⼒与Derive:得到,源于Discipline:纪律,学科,惩罚Algorithm:算法,Interpret:说明,⼝译,解释Artificial:⼈造的,仿造的,虚伪的Geomatique:地理信息技术Cartography:地图绘制学,地图绘制Preliminary:初步的,起始的Cartographer:绘制图表者,制图师Encode:编码Aggregation:集合,聚合,集合体Retrieval:取回,恢复,修补Analog:模拟的Quantitative:数量的,定量的Histogram:直⽅图,柱状图Cartogram:统计地图,统计图Parcel:地块Geodetic:⼤地测量学,最短线的Cadastral:地籍的,有关⼟地清册的Attribute:属性,特质Procedure:步骤,程序,⼿续Prime meridian:本初⼦午线Algorithm:算法,Discipline:纪律,学科,惩罚Visualization:可视化,Globe;球体Map projection地图投影Planar projection;平⾯投影Azimuthal projection;⽅位投影Characteristic,特征,特性Reference globe;参考椭球体Scale factor;⽐例因⼦Principle scale;主⽐例尺Equivalent projection;等积投影Equidistant;等距投影Mercator transverse;横轴莫卡托投影Gnomonic protection;中⼼切⾯投影Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级⽅位投影Intelligence:智⼒,理解⼒,Correlation:相关,关联Urban:城市的Agriculture:农业,农艺Adjunct:附属物,修饰语Subdiscipline:学科的分⽀,副学科第四课Globe;球体Illustrate;阐明Configuration;配置,结构,外形Thematic;主题的Encounter;遭遇;邂逅Map projection地图投影Cylindrical;圆柱形的Projection family;投影系Planar projection;平⾯投影Cylindrical projection;圆柱投影Conical projection;圆锥投影Azimuthal projection;⽅位投影Community,社区,团体Representation;表现,陈述Characteristic,特征,特性Retain;保持,记住Convert;使转变Reference globe;参考椭球体Principle scale;主⽐例尺Scale factor;⽐例因⼦Cardinal 主要的,基本的Angular conformity;⾓度⼀致Conformal;等⾓的Orthomorphic;正形的Equivalent projection;等积投影Fundamental;基本的Equidistant;等距投影Maintain;维持,维修,供养Standard parallel;标准纬线Vital;⽣死攸关的,⾄关重要的Preservation;保存,保留Mercator transverse;横轴莫卡托投影Shopping mall ;⼤卖场Lambert‘s equal area projection 兰伯特等级⽅位投影Stereographic;⽴体照相的Orthographic;直⾓的Georeference;地理坐标参考系Universal transverse Mercator;通⽤横莫卡托投影Data type;数据类型,资料类型Attribute;属性,性质Vector;⽮量Raster:光栅Langscape;地表,地形Vertex;顶点,头顶Arc;弧形物,弧Node;节点Topology;拓扑学Vector-raster conversion⽮量-栅格转换Quadtree;四叉树Computer-aided drafting;计算机辅助制图Orthophoto;正⾊摄影Map algebra地图代数Forestry stand;林地,林区Inappropriate;不适当的,不相称的Quantized:量化的Legend:传奇,图例Vegetation:植物,草⽊Geological:地质的Spatial:空间分析技术Binary:⼆元的,⼆进制的Residence:居住,住处Variable:易变的,多变的Run-length code:长度⽅向编码Subsystem:⼦系统Pattern:样式,模式Scheme:模式,设计Database:数据库Resolution:解析,决议Entity:实体Spaghetti model:⾯条模型Topological model:拓扑模型Coordinate:坐标From node:终点Intersect:交叉,相交Form node:起始点Graph theory:图论Analog:模拟地图Compact:紧密的Reduction:缩减,降低Codification:编码,译成代码Shorthand:速记法Theme:题⽬,主题Scheme:模式,计划Gnomonic protection;中⼼切⾯投影Coordination;对等,同等第五课Georeference;地理坐标参考系Ellipsoid;椭圆,椭⾯Department of defence;国防部Universal transverse Mercator;通⽤横莫卡托投影第六课Thematic;题⽬的,主题的Facilitate;促进,帮助Data type;数据类型,资料类型Animation;活泼⽣⽓,激励Attribute;属性,性质Narration;叙述,讲述Vector;⽮量Raster;光栅Image;影像,肖像Photograph;照⽚,相⽚Langscape;地表,地形Vertex;顶点,头顶Arc;弧形物,弧Node;节点Connectivity;连通性,互联性Topology;拓扑学Mathematical;数学的,数学上的Adjacency;毗邻,四周Computer-aided drafting;计算机辅助制图Gridcell;格⽹单元Tesseate;棋盘格⽹的Quadtree;四叉树Data volume;数据卷Cumbersome;笨重的Vector-raster conversion⽮量-栅格转换Imperative;必要的,势在必⾏的Map algebra地图代数Modeling;造型的Distinguish;区别,区分Orthophoto;正⾊摄影Ancillary;辅助的,Rectify;改正Summarize;总结,概述Aesthetically;审美的Continuous;连续的,持续的。
gis专业英语
Today , a gis can be defined as a computing application capable of creating, strong, manipulating , visualizing, and analyzing geographic information. It finds its strongest applications in resources management, utilities management, telecommunications urban and regional, vehicle routing and parcel delicery, and in all of the sciences that the surface of the earth.今天,地理信息系统可以被定义为一个计算应用能够创造,强,操纵,可视化,地理信息和分析。
它发现它的强大的应用程序的资源管理,设施管理,电信城市和区域,车辆路径和包裹输送,并在所有科学的地球表面。
each geographic data set is characterized by the feature it depicts .its method for representing shape and locaton,and its utility for various geographic operations.Each modle has its own advantages and limitations and supports operations that other data types may not.每一个地理数据集的特点是特征描述。
其方法为代表的形状和位置,其效用的各种地理作业。
每个模型都有自己的优点和局限性和支持操作其他类型的数据可能不具有的。
Gis and spatial analysis have enjoy a changing relationship over the years, as computing has shifted its focus from processing to public communitication ,and exerted its influence on the ecolution of gis software.gis offers an unprecedented set of opportunities for the popularization of spatial analysis ,and ready access to complex and sophisticated routines by alarge user community.地理信息系统与空间分析有享受不断变化的关系,多年来,作为计算的重点已从处理公共通信,并对它施加影响的地理信息系统软件进化。
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翻译:1、GIS is a system of hardware,software aad procedures to facilitate the manipulation,analysis,modeling,representation and display of geo—referencedcomplex problems regarding planning and management of resollrces,翻译:gis是一个由硬件、软件和程序组成的系统,便于管理、处理、分析、模拟、表现并显示地理参照数据,从而解决规划和资源管理的复杂问题。
2、GIS technology,integrates common database operations such as query and statisticalanalysis with the unique visualization and geographical analysis benefits offered by maps.Theseabilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range ofpublic and private enterprises for explaining events,predicting outcomes,and planning strategies(ESRI).翻译:地理信息系统技术将诸如查询和统计分析的常见的数据库操作和地图特有的可视化功能和地理分析优势集成起来。
这些功能是区分地理信息系统和其他信息系统的关键,并且对于众多的公共和私营企业用于事件解析,结果预测和战略规划十分有价值(ESEI)。
3、Projection is a fundamental component of mapmaking.A projection is a mathematicalmeans of transferring information from the earth’s three—dimensional,curved surface to a twodimensional medium--paper or a computer screen.Mathematically speaking,map projectionsare transformations of geographic coordinates(1atitude,longitude)into the Cartesian(x,y)coordinate space of the map.翻译:投影是地图制作的一个基本要素,同时也是将信息从地球的三维曲面上传递到纸张或电脑屏幕二维介质上的一种数学手段。
从数学上来讲,地图投影就是将地理坐标(纬度,经度)转换为地图的笛卡儿空间坐标(x,Y)。
4、A raster based system displays,locates,and stores graphical data by using a matrix orgTid of cells such as squares,triangular,or hexagonal cells,or even irregular triangles orpolygons,which are tessellated to form geographical representations.翻译:基于栅格数据的系统采用栅格单元有正方形、三角形或六角形形成了地理表征。
栅格矩阵或栅格单元显示、定位存储地理数据,这些,甚至不规则三角形或多边形,这些单元嵌合在一起形成了地理表征。
5、A vector based system displays graphical data as points,lines or curves,or areas withattributes.Cartesian coordinates (i.e.x and Y) and computational algorithms of thecoordinates define points in a vector system.Lines or arcs are a series of ordered points.Areasor polygons are also stored as ordered lists of points,but by making the beginning and endpoints the same node the shape is closed and defined.翻译:基于矢量数据的系统用点、线或曲线、面及其属性显示图形数据。
笛卡儿坐标(即光和Y)和坐标计算算法确定矢量系统中的点、线或弧段是一系列有序点。
面或多边形也是用一系列有序点储存的,但是起始节点和结束节点相同以闭合和确定图形。
6、Geo-referencing describes the process of locating an entity in“real world”coordinates,establishinga relation between raster or vector images to map projections or coordinate systems.翻译:空间参照描述了定位实体在“真实世界”的坐标及确立栅格或矢量影像与地图投影或坐标系统关系的过程。
7、Map projections are systematic transformations that allow the orderly representation ofthe earth’S spherical gratieule on a flat map.Mathematically speaking,map projections aretransformations of geographical coordinates(1atitudelongitude)into the Cartesian(x,Y)co—ordinate space of the map.翻译:地图投影是一种系统转换,即将地球球面上的方格网有序地表示在平面地图上。
从数学上来讲,地图投影是地理坐标(纬度,经度)到地图笛卡儿(x,Y)坐标空间的转换。
8、first of all ,we need to demonstrate more convincingly that existing spatial analysis techniques can be used to address important substantive problems of interest to GIS practitioner and that such techniques are capable of providing meaningful insight which can`t be obtained otherwise.翻译:首先,我们需要更有说服力的证据来证明现有的空间分析技术可用解决GIS从业者感兴趣的重要的实质性问题,并且这些技术可提供其他方式所不能提供有意义的方案。
9、today, a GIS can be defined as a computing application capable of creating stronger manipulating visualizing and analyzing geographic information it finds . it strongest applications in resources management utilities management telecommunications whom and regional planning vehicle routing and parcel delivery and in all of the sciences that deal with the surface of the earth.翻译:今天地理信息系统可以被定义为一个集创造、存储、操作、可视化和分析地理信息的计算机应用程序。
它广泛的被应用于资源管理、公共事业管理、电信城市区域规划的工具。
路由及包裹计价和在所有的处理地地球表所有事物的科学。
10、书信格式:Mr. Steve PincusHuman RelationsWinfield Medical100 Main StreetWinfield, FL 09876Dear Mr. Pincus:正文Hire me.SincerelyJohn Apgood(555) 456-789 Home Phone(555) 765-4321 Work Phonealbers equal—area conic projection 阿尔伯斯等积圆锥投影Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标continuous fields连续字段coordinate systems坐标系统data capture 数据获取data integration数据集成data output数据输出data structures数据结构datum基准面developable Sulfate 投影面digital elevation models(DEM) 数字地面模digital terrain model(DTM)数字高程模型discrete objects离散对象ellipsoid椭球体exhaustive enumeration穷举法geodesy大地测量学geoids大地水准面geo—referenced data地理参照数据geo—referencing空间参照gnomonic projection心射切面投影gravity万有引力hierarchical file层次文件information retrieval 信息检索Lambert azimuthally equal—area projection 朗伯等积方位投影map projections地图投影network analysis网络分析orthographic projections正射投影overlay叠置polar coordinate极坐标projection and registration投影与匹配raster data格数据relational file关系文件run—length encoding行程长度编码spatial data model空间数据模型topological modeling拓扑建模vector data矢量数据Address matching 地址匹配Annotation feature 注释要素Associated attribute 关联属性Attribute 属性Base map 底图Buffer 缓冲区Cartography 绘图Cartology 地图学Census 人口统计Central projection 中心投影Cigitization 数字化Contour line 等高线Convert 转换Coordinates 坐标Cybercity 数字城市Data conversion 数据转换Data table 数据表Database 数据库Digital elevation model 数字高程模型demDigital orthoimagery 数字正射影像Digital terrain model 数字地面模型Entity 实体Environment System Research Institute ESRI美国环境系统研究所External table 外部表格Feature 要素Feature 要素,特征Geographic feature 地理要素Geographic/spatial information 地理信息、空间信息Georeferenced Coordinate referencing system地理参考Hierarchical 层次Imagery 影像Layer 图层,数据层Map legeng 地图图例Map projection 地图投影Mapping 制图Network feature 网络要素Network 网络Object 目标,对象Proximity 领域分析Qualitative 质的Quantitative 量的Query 查询Reference 相关的Relational database 关系数据库Relational 关系Retrieval 检索Spatial attribute 空间属性Spatial data 空间数据Statistical analysis 统计分析Thematic MAP 专题地图Theme 主题,图层。