英美文学选读试题详解3
历年英美文学选读真题及答案
2004年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试题（课程代码0604）全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。
PART ONE （40 POINTS）Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your correct answer on the answer sheet.1.“And we will sit upon the rocks, /Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.” The above lines are taken from ______.A. Milton’s Paradise LostB. Marlowe’s “The Passionate shepherd to His Love”C. Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18”D. John Donne’s “The Sun Rising”2.The English Renaissance period was an age of ______ .A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry3.Here are four lines taken from Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene: “But on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore,/The deare remembrance of his dying Lord,/For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore,/And dead as living ever him adored.” Who is the “dying Lord” discussed in the above lines?A. BeowulfB. King ArthurC. Jesus ChristD. Jupiter4.In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock, because ______.A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB. his enterprise went bankruptC. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD. his ships had all been lost5. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.6. In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called ______.A. heroic coupletB. quatrainC. Spenserian stanzaD. terza rima7. “Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,/Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;/Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile /The short and simple annals of the poor.”The above lines are taken from .A. Alexander Pope’s Essay on Criticism-第1 页共11 页-B. Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”C. John Donne’s “The Sun Rising”D. Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”8. By making the truth-seeking pilgrims suffer at the hands of the people of Vanity Fair, John Bunyan intends to show the prevalent political and religious ______of his time.A. persecutionB. improvementC. prosperityD. disillusionment9. The 18th century witnessed a new literary form－the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common people.A. romanticB. realisticC. propheticD. idealistic10. As a whole, ______is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life—socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally.A. Moll FlandersB. Gulliver’s TravelsC. Pilgrim’s ProgressD. The School for Scandal11. An honest, kind-hearted young man, who is full of animal spirit and lacks prudence, is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain knowledge of himself and finally to have been accepted both by a virtuous lady and a rich relative .The above sentence may well sum up the t heme of Fielding’s work .A. Jonathan Wild the GreatB. Tom JonesC. The Coffe-House PoliticianD. Amelia12. In Sheridan’s The School for scandal, the man who wins the hand of his beloved as well as the inheritance of his rich uncle is ______ .A. Charles SurfaceB. Joseph SurfaceC. Sir Peter TeazleD. Sir Benjamin Backbite13. Which of the following works best represents the national spirit of the 18th-century England?A. Robinson CrusoeB. Gulliver’s TravelsC. Jonathan Wild the GreatD. A Sentimental Journey14. Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound, is a verse drama, which borrows the basic story from ______ .A. the BibleB. a German legendC. a Greek playD. One Thousand and One Nights15. In the first part of the novel Pride and prejudice, Mr. Darcy has a (n) ______ of the Bennet family .A. high opinionB. great admirationC. low opinionD. erroneous view16. In Byron’s poem “Song for the Luddites,” the word “Luddite” refers to the ______ .A. workers who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemploymentB. rising bourgeoisie who fights against the aristocratic classC. descendents of the ancient king ,LudD. poor country people who suffered under the rule of the landlord class-第2 页共11 页-17. Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best ______ characters created by Charles Dickens.A. comicB.tragicC. roundD.sophisticated18. A typical feature of the English Victorian literature is that writers became social and moral ______ , exposing all kinds of social evils.A. revolutionariesB. idealistsC. criticsD. defenders19. “Is it not sufficient for your infernal selfishness, that while you are at peace I shall writhe in the torments of hell?”(Heathcliff uttered the sentence in the death scene of Catherine from Chapter XV of Wuthering Heights.) The word “hell” at the end of the quoted sentence refers to ______ .A. HeavenB. HadesC. the next worldD. this world20. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of ______ ,who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. justiceB. humorC. moralityD. property21. “He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing.”(Sons and Lovers by wrence)From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel’s attitude to her husband is ______ .A. sincerely warmB. genuinely kindC. seemingly angryD. merely contemptuous22. A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point of losing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world.The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of ______.A. Eliot’s poem The love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockB. Bernard shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. Joyce’s story ArabyD. Lawrence’s story The Horse Dealer’s Daughter23. Linguistically, compared with the writings of Mark Twain, Henry James’s fiction is noted for his ______.A. frontier vernacularB. rich colloquialismC. vulgarly descriptive wordsD. refined elegant language24. Which of the following statements about Washington Irving is NOT true?A. Literary imagination should breed in a land rich in the past culture.B. He is preoccupied with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil.C. His stories are among the best of the American literature.D. Some of his works are based on the materials of the European legendary tales.25. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas advocated by Emerson, the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism?A. As an individual, man is divine and can develop and improve himself infinitely.B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings.C. There exists an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal-第3 页共11 页-“Oversoul.”D. Evil and sin are ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.”26. Whitman’s poems are charac terized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ .A. the strict poetic formB. the free and natural rhythmC. the easy flow of feelingsD. the simple and conversational language27. “Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled o n as it rolled five thousand years ago.” In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______.A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human historyB. man’s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destructionC. nature is evil as it was 5000 years agoD. nature has the ultimate creative power28. “Standing on the bare ground,—my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space ,—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents o f the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.”The above passage is taken from ______.A. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s CabinB. Cooper’s “Leatherstocking Tales”C. Emerson’s “Nature”D. Dreiser’s Sister Carrie29. Which of the following works best illustrates the Calvinistic view of original sin?A. Stowe’s Uncle Ton’s CabinB. James’s The Portrait of a Lady.C. Hemingway’s A Farewell to ArmsD. Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.30. Beside symbolism, all the following qualities EXCEPT ______are fused to make Melville’s Moby-Dick a world classic.A. narrative powerB. psychological analysisC. speculative agilityD. optimistic view of life31. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ______ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically.A. PuritanB. materialisticC. psychologicalD. religious32. In Daisy Miller,Henry James reveals Daisy’s ______ by showing her r elatively unreserved manners.A. hypocrisyB. cold and indifferenceC. grace and patienceD. Americanness33. The raft with which Huck and Jim make their voyage down the Mississippi River may symbolize all the following EXCEPT ______.A. a return to natureB. an escape from evils, injustices, and corruption of the civilized societyC. the American society in the early 19th centuryD. a small world where people of different colors can live friendly and happily-第4 页共11 页-34. Emily Grierson, the protag onist in Faulkner’s story “A Rose for Emily,” can be regarded as a symbol for all the following qualities EXCEPT______.A. old valuesB. rigid ideas of social statusC. bigotry and eccentricityD. harmony and integrity35. As a Modernist poet ,Pound is noted for his active involvement in the ______ .A. cubist school of modern paintingB. Imagist MovementC. stream-of-consciousness techniqueD. German Expressionism36. The statement that a boy’s night journey to an Indian village to witness th e violence of both birth and death provides all the possibilities of a learning experience may well sum up the major theme of ______ .A. Faulkner’s story “A Rose for Emily”B. Hemingway’s story “Indian Camp”C. Irving’s story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”D. James’s story “Daisy Miller”37. Which of the following plays by O’Neill can be read autobiographically?A. The Hairy ApeB. The Emperor JonesC. The Iceman ComethD. Long Day’s Journey Into Night38. When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing.A. Henry JamesB. Scott FitzgeraldC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Faulkner39.After his experiences in the forest, Young Goodman Brown returns to Salem ______.A. desperate and gloomyB. renewed in his faithC. wearing a black veilD. unaware of his own sin40. According to Mark Twain, in river town s up and down the Mississippi, it was every boy’s dream to some day grow up to be ______.A. Methodist preacherB. a justice of the peaceC. a riverboat pilotD. a pirate on the Indian oceanPART TWO (60POINTS)Ⅱ.Reading comprehension(16 points,4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. “One short sleep past, we wake eternally,And death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.-第5 页共11 页-B.What does the word “sleep” mean?C. What idea do the two lines express?42. “Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(William Wordsworth’s sonnet: “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” September 3, 1802) Questions:A. What does the word “glideth” in the fourth line mean?B. What kind of figure of speech is used by wordsworth to describe the “river”?C. What idea does the fourth line express?43. “With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—Between the light—and me—And then the Windows failed—and thenI could not see to see—”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What do “Windows” symbolically stand for?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?44. “‘Is dying hard, Daddy?’‘No, I think it’s pretty easy, Nick, It all depends.”’Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. What was Nick preoccupied with when he asked the question?C. Why did the father add “It all depends” after he answered his son’s question?Ⅲ. Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. It is said that B. Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist’s Fabianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.46. Emily Bronte used a very complicated narrative technique in writing her novel Wuthering Heights.Try to tell Bronte’s way of narration bri efly.47. “In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.” The two sentences are taken from Theodore Dreiser’s novel, Sister Carrie. What idea can you draw from the “rocking-chair”?48. The literary school of naturalism was quite popular in the late 19th century. What are the major characteristics of naturalism?-第6 页共11 页-Ⅳ. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Discuss the possible theme in W.B. Yeats’s “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” and how that theme is presented in the poem.50. “My faith is gone!” cried he (Goodman Brown), after one stupefied moment. “There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! For to thee is this world given.”Comment on this passage from Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”.-第7 页共11 页--第8 页共11 页--第9 页共11 页--第10 页共11 页- -第11 页共11 页-。
英美文学选读试卷分析
英美文学选读试卷分析•相关推荐英美文学选读试卷分析英美文学选读考题分析（转贴）在自考的全部专业中，英语本科的淘汰率一直高居“榜首”，同时《英美文学选读》又是整个本科专业的瓶颈课程。
我们随机抽取了两刀（40本）试卷进行统计，发现该门课程的通过率大致在12%左右，可能是自考全部课程最低的。
绝大部分成绩徘徊在40分到58分之间，大约占了44.7%。
我们批改到的最高分大约是82分，成绩相当出色！一、试卷构成《英美文学选读》全国卷由四部分组成：第一部分是40分的选择题，每题1分，覆盖面十分广泛。
从以往几次试卷来看，该部分主要考核英美文学史，也包括少量选读中的内容，多属于常识性知识，例如今年14题要求辨别If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?的作者；2001年11题要求辨别It was a miracle of rare device, A sunny pleasure done with caves of ice.的作者和出处；还有每年必定会有一题考核作品中出现的人物，例如2001年第8题是Sheridan’s The School for Scandal中的人物，今年28题是The Scarlet Letter的人物。
由于内容大多属于大纲中的“识记”性知识，不需要多少理解，因此正确率相应比较高。
但有时题目的切入点十分灵活比如2001年第6题，需要考生有较好的基本功。
第二部分是四道共16分的阅读理解。
考题内容均取自选读部分，一般是两篇诗歌，两篇小说，要求指出：A）作者和作品出处（1分）B）作品中具体某个词或词组的确切意义（1分）C）表述该选段的思想内容（2分）。
考生需要认真研读作品，和作品后面的注释，平时做一些读书笔记。
第三部分是四道共24分的简答题，内容的跨越比较大，既有阅读理解部分的延伸，也有某一时期的文学思潮，还有对某一断代史的简论，答对率非常低。
第四部分是两题共20分的问答题。
英美文学试题及答案
英美文学试题及答案# 英美文学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中，哈姆雷特的叔叔是谁？A. 克劳狄斯B. 波洛尼乌斯C. 劳提斯D. 格特鲁德答案：A2. 简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》中，伊丽莎白·班纳特最终与谁结婚？A. 达西先生B. 宾利先生C. 柯林斯先生D. 维克汉姆答案：A3. 爱伦·坡的短篇小说《黑猫》中，主人公最终因为什么而陷入疯狂？A. 酗酒B. 谋杀C. 赌博D. 爱情答案：B4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》中，拉姆齐夫人的丈夫是谁？A. 拉姆齐先生B. 班克斯先生C. 塔斯先生D. 卡迈克尔先生答案：A5. 马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》中，汤姆·索亚的好友是谁？A. 哈克贝利·芬B. 乔·哈珀C. 贝基·撒切尔D. 印第安·乔答案：A6. 乔治·奥威尔的《1984》中，主要的反乌托邦政府机构是什么？A. 思想警察B. 真理部C. 爱情部D. 和平部答案：B7. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》中，亚哈船长的主要目标是什么？A. 寻找新大陆B. 捕获白鲸C. 探索未知海域D. 寻找宝藏答案：B8. 亨利·詹姆斯的《鸽之翼》中，主角伊莎贝尔·阿彻最终与谁结婚？A. 吉尔伯特·奥斯蒙德B. 拉尔夫·杜恩C. 爱德华·罗斯科D. 亨利·杜恩答案：A9. 罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌《未选择的路》中，诗人选择了哪条路？A. 一条人迹罕至的路B. 一条宽阔平坦的路C. 一条充满荆棘的路D. 一条充满鲜花的路答案：A10. 埃德加·爱伦·坡的《乌鸦》中，乌鸦反复说的词是什么？A. 永不B. 死亡C. 寂静D. 疯狂答案：A二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的悲剧性。
2006年04月年英美文学选读试题及答案
2006年4月英美文学选读试卷PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple choice (40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choke, of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B,C or D ms the answer sheet.I. "Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing a (n) ________ man'. The sentence is quoted from Bacon' s Of Studies.A intelligent B. exactC. thriftyD. eloquent2. Though John Donne' s poems were not well accepted in his life time, the early 2Oth century saw a renewed interest in him and ether poets.A. sentimentalB. rationalC. metaphysicalD. neoclassical3. in of Gulliver' s Travels, Jonathan Swift satirizes the western civilization including false illusions about science, philosophy, history and even immortality.A. the flint voyage to LilliputB. the second voyage to BrobdingnagC. the third voyage to the Flying IslandD. the fourth voyage to Houyhnhnm land4. As a realist dramatist, George Bernard Shaw is contented with social, economic, moral and religious problems in his works. The general mood he expresed in his plays isA. indignationB. satisfactionC. optimismD. pessimism5. Christian, Faithful and Pliable are. the literary figures in _________.A. Daniel Defoe's Moll FlandersB. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim' s ProgressC. Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The School for ScandalD. Jonathan Swift' s Gulliver" s Travels6. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty. all that wealth e'er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave. "This stanza is quoted from _________A. John Milton's Paradise LostB. Edmund Spenser's The Faerie QueeneC. Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardD. John Keats' s Ode on a Grecian Urn7. In Thomas Hardy's works, the conflict between the old and the modem is very pervasive. ills attitude toward those, traditional characters isA. contemptB. sympatheticC. indifferentD. interested8. "Do you think, because I am poor. obscure, plain, and little,! am soulless and heartless? ---You think wrong! I have as much soul as you-and full as much heart!---"This part of quotation comes from ________.A. G.B. Shaw' s Mrs. Warren' s ProfessionB. John Galsworthy' s The Man of PropertyC. Charlotte Bronte' s Jane EyreD. Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice9. In the late nineteenth century, modernism flourished in English literature. Unlike modern poets and novelists, modem dramatistsA. showed no only satirical attitude toward bourgeois also, but also optimistic emotion toward lifeB. did not make so many innovations in techniques and forumC. inherited the romantic fuzziness and self- indulged emotionalismD. took the. irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho - analysis as its theoretical10. Relationships don' t seem to turn out overly well in Wuthering Heights. Which couple finally sets their happy ending?A. Union and CathyB. Heathcliff and CatherineC. Hareton and CathyD. Edgar and Catherine11. "The depth and passion of its earnest glance,But to myself they turned(since none puts byThe curtain I have drawn for you ,but I).-."This part is quoted from Robert Browning' s "My Last Duchess. "Here "you" refers toA. Fra PandolfB. readersC. the DukeD. the emissary12. in subject matter, William Words worth' s poems have two major concerns. One is about nature. The other is about ______A. French RevolutionB. literary theoryC. deathD. common life of ordinary people13. Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the. importance of for women,A. marriageB. physical attractivenessC. independence and self-confidenceD. submissive character14. Alexander Pope is well known for the style of biting mire,. His best satiric work is _________.A. An Essay on CriticismB. TheC. An Essay on ManD. The Rape of the Lock15. is a natural means of writing in revealing the prince' s inner conflict and psychological predicament in Shakespeare' s Hamlet.A. DialogueB. SoliloquyC. Dramatic monologueD. Satire16. The hem of one of his main works is an Israel's mighty champion, blind, alone, and fighting against his thoughtless enemies. This hero's experience is in close resemblance to the poet himself. The poet" s name is _________.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. Edmund SpenserD. Christopher Marlowe17. The major theme of Jane Austen's novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is not a couple that appeared in Pride and Prejudice?A. Catherine and HeathcliffB. Lydia and WickhamC. Jane and BinleyD. Charlotte and Collins18. The sentence "three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on" can best reflect the writer' s personal knowledge and range of writing. This writer is _________.A. Walter .ScottB. Thomas HardyC. Jane EyreD. Jane Austen19. The flint mass movement of the English working class was ,which signified the awakening of the poor oppressed people.A. Enlightenment MovementB. Enclosure MovementC. Chartist MovementD. Romantic Movement20. In , James Joyce intended to record the four aspects of the moral history of his country , namely childhood ,adolescence ,maturity and public life.A. DublinersB. UlyssesC. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. Finnegans Wake21. In Sons and Lovers,D. H. Lawrence. presented Paul as a(n) man and artist.A. independentB. ambitiousC. strong-willedD. sensitive22. T.S. Eliot' s early poems are marked by __ in comparison to his later ones.A. a philosophical and emotional calmB. a set of historical, cultural and religious themesC. a dreamy quality, expressing melancholy and serf- indulgent feelingsD. a mood of disillusionment and the sufferings of modem people23. Being a period of the great flowering of the American literature, the Romantic period is also called" ".A. the American EnlightenmentB. the American Renaissance,C. the American Optimistic MovementD. the American literary Revolution24. The desire for an escape from and a return to __ became a permanent convention of the American literature.A. the outside...the family lifeB. the family life...the outsideC. nature-.-societyD. society...nature25. is worth the honor of being "the American Goldsmith" for his literary craftsmanship.A. Walt WhitmanB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Washington IrvingD. Ralph Waldo Emerson26. Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy; instead he based his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called the " "A. over - soulB. super - manC. godly manD. intuition27. Most people consider an unofficial manifesto for the " Transcendental Club".A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Dial28. The Birthmark drives home symbolically Hawthorne' s point that" "is man" s birthmark, something he is born with.A. goodnessB. gratefulnessC. evilD. bitterness29. believed be had turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader could allow his own imagination to play.A. WhitmanB. PaineC. PoundD. Longfellow30. "Cavalry Crossing a Ford" by Whitman reminds its readers of a picture, or a photo, of a scene of ________.A. the American War of IndependenceB. the Westward MovementC. the U.S. -Spanish WarD. the American Civil War31. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Indian Camp by Hemingway?A. A young Indian woman had been trying to have her baby for two days.B. Nick' s father delivered this woman of a baby by Caesarian section, with a jack knife and without anesthesia.C. Nick witnessed the violence of both birth and death in the Indian camp.D. This woman's husband was murdered while she was in labor.32. Which me of the following statements about Hawthorne' s The Scarlet Letter is true? _______.A. Hawthorne intended to tell a love story in this novel.B. Hawthorne intended to tell a story of sin in this novel.C. Hawthorne intended to reveal the human psyche after they sinned, so as to show people the tensionbetween society and individuals.D. Hawthorne focused his attention on consequences of the sin on the people in general ,so as to call thereaders back to the conventional Puritan way of living.33. is a great literary giant of America, whom Mencken considered "the true father of our national literature. "A. Theodore DreiserB. Bret HarteC. Mark TwainD.W.D. Howells34. The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished way of life in the Mississippi valley and it has moved millions of people of different ages and conditions all over the world.A. early 16th centuryB. late 16th centuryC. post - Civil WarD. pre - Civil War35. In 1915 became a naturalized British citizen, largely in protest against America's failure to join England in the First World War.A. T.S. EliotB. Henry JamesC. W.D. Howells D. George Eliot36. Perhaps Dickinson's greatest rendering of the moment of is to be found in "I heard a fly buzz--when I died--" ,a poem universally considered one. of her masterpieces.A. enthusiasmB. deathC. crisisD. fantasy37. Allen Ginsberg, whose " Howl" became the manifesto ofA. the Westward MovementB. the Utopian MovementC. the Beat MovementD. the Deistic Movement38. When the World War n broke out, began working for the Italian government, engaged in some radio broadcasts of anti - Semitism and pro - Fascism.A. PoundB.T.S. EliotC. Henry JamesD. Frost39. Frost' s first collection A boy" s Will, whose lyrics trace a boy' s development from self centered idealism to maturity, is ~ by an intense but restrained emotion and the characteristic flavor ofA. New England lifeB. England lifeC. the, Southern American lifeD. the Western American life40. Most critics have agreed that __ is both an insider and an outsider of the Jazz Age with a double vision.A. FitzgeraldB. FrostC. CummingsD. HemingwayPART TWO (60 POINTS)II. Reading comprehension ( 16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and 8mswer the questions in English. Write youranswer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. "Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander' st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. "Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this part is taken.B. What does the word "this" in the last line refer to?C. What idea do the quoted lines express?42. "North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys free. An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detached from its , neighbours in a square ground. The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces. "Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the story from which this part is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this passage?C. What tone does the quoted passage set for the whole story?43."I shall he telling this with a nighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I--I took the one less traveled by,And that has made the difference. "Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What additional meaning do the two roads have?C. What dilemma is the speaker facing?44. "….Only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decayabove the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores. "Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the story from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What is the meaning d "an eyesore among eyesores"?C. What does this quoted passage indicate?Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief Answers to each at the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding since on the answer sheet.45. Novum Orgamum, along with other works, won the author the honor" Father ofmodem science. "What is the name of the author?What is the main concern of this work?Why is the work so important for the development of modem science?46. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge' s Lyrical Ballads.Why is Lyrical Ballads considered the milestone to mark the beginning of English Romanticism?47. Whitman is one of the representative poets in America. He employs brand -newmeans in his poetry. What are the features of his poetry?48. Mark Twain and Henry James are two representatives of the realistic writers in American literature, How is Twain' s realism different from Janms' s realism?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in sill, I0 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the Corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Under the influence of the leading romantic thinkers like Kant and the Post - Kantians, Romanticists demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th century' s Neo - classicists. Discuss, in relation to the works you know, the difference between Romanticism and Neo- classicism.50. Symbolism is an important literary practice in literature and it has been widely used by many American writers. Discuss the way symbolism is used in Melville' s Moby Dick.。
英美文学选读答案
莎士比亚，简奥斯丁，伍尔夫第一课Question 1♦Heroic Couplet（英雄双韵体）♦It refers to lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in pairs: aa, bb, cc, and so on.♦The adjective “heroic” was applied in the later seventeenth century because of the frequent use of such couplets in heroic poems and dramas♦This verse form was introduced into English poetry by Geoffrey Chaucer.♦From the age of John Dryden through that of Samuel Johnson, the heroic couplet was the predominant English measure for all the poetic kinds; some poets, including Alexander Pope, used it almost to the exclusion of other metersQuestion 2♦The Knight has the qualities that knights are expected to have, namely, courage, honor, courtesy, loyalty, devotion to the weak and helpless, to the service of women.♦He has taken part in many famous battles and won one victory after another.♦He sits at table in the chair of honor above all nations.♦He fights for his faith.♦Although he is so distinguished and wise, he looks like a maid, modest, meek, not gaily dressed, never saying a vulgar word.Question 3♦Chaucer uses the rhyming couplet, which he introduced from France, in writing his major poems. He is the first great writer to use the dialect of London in writing.♦Chaucer is credited by some scholars as being被一些学者认为是the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language英语方言作为文学语言在艺术上的合法性, rather than French or Latin♦Chaucer‟s language is close to modern English. Modern English is descended from Chaucer‟s English.Chaucer raised the language to a higher literary level by writing it with polish and ease.♦Chaucer‟s language is vivid and exact. His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness. His style is flexible. His prose is easy and informal. He uses mild satire when he deals with people‟s foibles and weaknesses第二课bacon♦ 1 According to Bacon, the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦That is to say, right decisions and judgments over important matters require comprehensive knowledge which is acquired by studies.♦Without a wide range of knowledge, a person cannot digest information, analyze information and take timely measures accordingly.♦2Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for abilities. But the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦Studies perfect nature, and is perfected by experience♦There is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies.Studies can train (shape) a person‟s character and make up a person‟s deficiencies. Every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.3This essay analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.4The essay is peculiar for its clearness, brevity, and force of expression. The sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and of balanced structures.Conciseness of expression and simplicity of diction are two chief distinguishing features of the prose style of Bacon who was among the earliest of English essayists.MiltonQuestion 1♦To lose the battle does not lose all. They still have the unconquerable will, eagerness for revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield.♦With all this, they can overcome all other thingsQuestion 2♦He is defeated in the battle against God, but he does not lose heart.♦He will not bow down to God.♦Instead, he is advising the serpent and followers to rise up again and fight another battle.Question 3♦To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee and deify his power. To give in to God, to fall down on one‟s knees to beg for mercy submissively, worship God‟s power, become scared for God‟s authority and power, lose confidence.Question 4♦real hero, dare to revolt against the despot, persevering but not discouraged after the failure (Republicans including Milton)ShakespearQuestion 1♦In this soliloquy he compares death to sleep. If the many kinds of sufferings that naturally come to a human being disappear in the “sleep”, then death is what is wished for.♦But there may be dreams in the sleep. That is to say, the worldly sufferings may still occur in the dreams.That is the point at which doubt arises.Question 2♦People would rather bear all the suffering of the world instead o f choosing death to get rid of them because they do not know what the next life would be like. No traveler returns from boundary of the undiscovered country. The unknown sufferings may be more unbearable and more terrible.♦It would be better to bear those ills they have than to fly to others that they know not of.Question 3♦Serious thinking makes people lose their determination.♦Faced with the evil force, Hamlet can neither act in cahoots with it nor overturn and destroy it. He is isolated and helpless. Even if opportunities come, he cannot take them because of his indecisiveness.Here the shortcomings of the newly-arising bourgeoisie are shown. They think too much but do not act or act slowly第三课ben jonson♦1) A kiss in the cup♦2) The lovers express their love between eyes. The cup with a kiss has become a divine drink. The poet would not give his wine in exchange for Jove‟s nectar sup. In the eyes of the poet, the drink brewed with love is the most delicious in the world. Nothing can be compared with the wine♦3) The wreath is a symbol of love. The purpose of sending his lover a rosy wreath is not only to express his love, but to hope that the rose will never fade with the lover‟s love. The l over breathes to the rosy wreath and sends back to the poet. Then a miracle appears: It grows, and smells, but not naturally. It seems that the rosy wreath has produced a magic powerDonneQuestion 1♦The woman doesn‟t reject the flea entrée to her body, y et she denies the advancements of the speaker.The speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. “It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.”♦This argument shows the woman that the same physical exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. Their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn‟t considered one. This act could not be considered a l oss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost his or her innocence. Therefore this lady should not be troubled about giving herself to him委身于他before they marry, because their only act is the mixing of their blood.Question 2♦Lines 14 and 15 of stanza 2, “Though parents grudge, and you, we are met, and cloistered in these living walls of jet,” describes how her parents do not accept that what he says is marriage. Her parents are against such a marriage.Question 3♦Three lives refer to you, me and the flea (implying our baby). The speaker argues that if she kills the flee she would be committing murder. She would kill the symbolic marriage realm and the baby.♦In addition to those murders, she would be killing herself.♦When the flea is killed, the speaker purposefully turns to another argument.♦The killing has done no harm to them.♦Likewise, their secret union will do no harm to them.♦They should not worry about their union. Their fears are unnecessary.第四课DefoeQuestion 1♦To think about securing himself against savages or wild beasts.♦To choose a proper place: He consulted four things before pitching his tent: health and fresh water, shelter from the heat of the sun, security from ravenous, a view to the sea.♦To set up a tent and dig a cave♦To avoid the blast of the power by lightning: He made bags and boxes to separate the power.♦To kill goats for food.Question 2To make his sounds reasonable and convincingQuestion 3♦From the creation of the image of Robinson Crusoe by the author, we can see that Defoe took positive attitude towards colonialism.♦His bourgeois outlook manifests itself in the fact that he does not condemn Negro-slavery in his book. Robinson Crusoe stands for a typical 18th-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer co lonistFielding♦ 1. It serves as the title of chapter 8, which shows how the story is narrated. The narration of the story will follow the classical form of epic.♦ 2. Fielding depicts the combat and villagers in the Homerican style. (See the above)♦ 3. He does not strictly follow the classical form of epic. He uses a mock epic style.♦He tried to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.♦Throughout, the ordinary and usually ridiculous life of the common people, from the middle-class to the underworld, is his major concern.♦Fielding treats Tom as a complicated, round character. Tom‟s nature is impulsive, but genuine. He showsgreat honor in the way he respects Molly, but he does give into her lust.♦This behavior would be shocking for Fielding's audience, and yet he continues to treat Tom with due deference, noting both his faults and virtues.♦When Tom sends a servant for a side saddle for the disheveled 零乱的Molly, it reveals his respect for people of all classes and positions♦Further, in protecting Molly from her attackers, Tom reveals another element of his character: an intense passion.♦The distinction between appearance (a libertine here) and inward character (a boy defined by respect and virtue) is most important in understanding the book's hero.♦Consider how Molly wears the dress of a lady to hide her pregnancy - it suggests that what we see is not what we get.♦Ironically, she is attacked not for her immoral pregnancy, but for attempting to dress as a lady.♦Fielding…s cynicism is time and again tempered调节，缓和only by his humor and delight in broadly comic and dramatic scenes.♦The fight outside the church is described in detail, with the individuals named to create realism in the scene, almost as a piece of drama.♦ 4. The narrator‟s direct address to the reader breaks the suspension of disbelief in the narrative. He refers to the construction of his text as a story with “sundry similes, descriptions and oth er kind of poetical embellishments润色,” reminding the reader that the novel is an artificial construct. By calling attention to the novel's form, Fielding is able to both explicitly extrapolate its ideas and have fun with its conventions第七课♦Mr. Bennet is an English gentleman with his ove rbearing wife. The Bennets‟ five daughters: the beautiful Jane, the clever Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty and the wild Lydia.Unfortunately for the Bennets, if Mr. Bennet dies, their house will be inherited by a distant cousin whom they have never met.The family‟s future, happiness and security is dependent on the daughters‟ making good marriages. The main plot is about the five daughters, especially the main character Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy as they deal with matters of upbringing, marriage, moral rightness and education in her aristocratic societyWhat do you think about the characters of Mr. Bennet and Mrs Bennet?♦Mr. Bennet is a cynical person while Mrs Bennet is a philistine and shallow woman. She is a beautiful but empty-headed, snobbish and vulgar woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich, handsome young men. She is often teased by her husbandHow do you understand the first sentence?♦“In want of” and “fortune” are key words in the first sentence. “In want of” refers to “need” instead of “desire”. In another word, it implies objectivity rather than subjectivity. The truth of “a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” is tested through the Bennet family.♦Another key wor d is “fortune”, suggestive of the primary importance of cash nexus（现金交易关系）in love and marriage. The opening sentence serves as an excellent start for the development of the plot.It is probably one of the most famous first sentences found in fiction.What does the first chapter describe?♦The first chapter describes the parents of the Bennet girls.♦Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are busy considering the prospects of their daughters‟ marriage, shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich, unmarried young man as their neighbor.♦Mild satire may be found here in the author‟s seeming ly matter-of-fact description of a very ordinary, practical family conversation, though unmistakable sympathy is given to both Mrs. and Mr. Bennet What is the style of the chapter?♦The style is lucid and graceful with touches of humor and mild satire. The conversations are interesting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life. The author only inserts her observations occasionallyWhat is the theme of the novel?♦This book tells us a great deal about different attitudes toward marriage in Au sten‟s time.♦Austin satires and criticizes the marriage arranged by the parents of both sides or the marriiages built upon money or wealth.♦Elizabeth‟s attitude, which is not built upon wealth and money, but on spiritual understanding of each other, is praised by the writer.第八课dickens♦Noah Claypole‟s relationship with Oliver illustrates Victorian England‟s obsession with class distinctions.♦The son of destitute parents, Noah is accustomed to the disdain of those who are better off than he.♦Thus, he is relieved to have Oliver nearby, since, as an orphan, Oliver is even worse off than he is.♦Dickens shows that class snobbery is a universal quality, characteristic of the lowest as well as the highest strata of society.♦Moreover, snobbish behavior seems a component of class insecurity.♦The poor mercilessly taunt those who are poorer than they, out of anxious desire to distinguish themselves from those who are even worse off in life♦In protesting the parish‟s treatment of Oliver, Dickens criticizes th e Victorian characterization of the poor as naturally immoral, criminal, and filthy.♦His principal character, Oliver, after all, is virtuous, good, and innocent.♦Although we might expect a criticism of the popular conception of the lower classes to descr ibe many lower-class characters who are essentially good, honest, and hardworking, Dickens does not paint such a simplistic picture.♦The character of Noah, for example, exhibits the same stereotypes that Dickens satirizes in the first several chapters.♦Noah, the son of a drunkard, seems to have inherited all of the unpleasant traits that his father presumably has. Big, greedy, cowardly, ugly, and dirty, Noah is the quintessential Victorian stereotype of the good-for-nothing poor man.♦Oliver‟s attack on No ah is an important moment in the development of his character.♦Most of the time, he is portrayed as sweet, -docile, innocent, and naïve—sometimes to the point of seeming somewhat dim.♦Indeed, it might seem that Dickens, in his fervent desire to exact his Victorian audience‟s sympathy for the poor orphan, exaggerates by making Oliver angelic.♦Oliver‟s fit of rage, however, makes him seem more passionate and human, like an ordinary child.♦Oliver, raised in the workhouse, has never seen a functioning family except for the Sowerberrys, who are childless.♦His sense of familial love and duty is strong enough to compel him to violently come to his mother‟s defense.♦Dickens implies that loyalty to kin, and the desire for the love of a family, is an impulse with which children are born, not one that needs to be learned and nurtured第九课Dover Beach♦What is the tone of the poem?♦What is the theme of the poem?♦Do you think the view of human life presented here is applicable to today‟s world? Why or why not?♦Feelings of isolated loneliness, and fear of the future are the major tone of the poem♦The central theme is that the poet mourns the loss of faith in God, who provided security and meaningfor people in the past, and compares the passing of faith to the ebb of the tide.♦In Arnold‟s world, the pillar of faith supporting society was perceived as crumbling under the weight of scientific development.♦Consequently, the existence of God and the whole Christian scheme of things were cast in doubt.♦Arnold, who was deeply religious, lamented the dying of the light of faith.♦It is rather difficult to say it is true or not for today‟s world. With a positive viewpoint, we can perceive today‟s world as a prosperous and peaceful one. With a negative and critical eye, the wor ld today is full of misery, torture and disbelief, and is as a messy chaos as described in the poemMeeting at nightHow does the poem show the frame of mind 心情of the hero and the heroine? Meeting at night ♦The hero was sailing a boat on the gray sea. The little waves were startled and leaped in fiery ringlets under the moonlight. This image reflects the happy mood of the hero.♦When the boat landed the cove, it slowed down and got stranded on the sand. This suggests the swiftness of the boat and the eagerness of the hero.♦The repetition of the sounds “s” and “sh” produced the sound effect.♦The last four lines form an image of their meeting. It can be seen that the person inside had been waiting with the same eagerness.♦“Scratch” and “spurt” are onomatopoeias, which produced the sound effect of peace and quietude late at night.♦Their joy reached the climax in the last line. They were hugging each other tightly.How do you understand the poem? 早上的分别♦This poem describes the parting of the two after the meeting late at night.♦In the above poem the hero thinks that the joy of love is everlasting, but now he admits that this joy is transient. Love and comfort are not everything for a man. He has a lot of things to do. He should commit himself to his own cause.♦The sunlight travels in a straight line. Compared with the sunlight, the road of his cause is uneven and full of curves.丁尼生What is expressed in the poem?♦This short lyric was written in memory of the poet‟s very dear friend Arthur Hallam whose death was felt very keenly by Tennyson throughout his life. In the poem Tennyson contrasts his own feelings of sadness over the loss of a dear friend first with th e innocent joys of a fisherman‟s boy and of a sailor lad and then with the unfeeling waves of the sea that break upon the shore and with the insensate ships that enter into a harbor. The whole effect is one of genuine personal grief revealed through simple imagery and very musical language.What does stanza 2 describe? How does the poet feel?♦Stanza 2 describes the fisherman‟s boy shouting with sister at play and the sailor lad singing. The gaiety of the people in the setting is in contrast with the poet‟s gloomy feeling. The boy, the girl, and the lad are enjoying themselves despite the inner pains of the poet. The enjoyable setting intensifies the poet‟s mood. He feels more lonely and is plunged into deeper sorrow over the loss of his friend.What is the effect of the repetition of “Break, break, break”?♦“Break, break, break” appears in the first lines in the first and last stanzas. “Break” is a one-syllable word. It is read with much feeling and poignancy. The word easily fills the normal tempo of a metrical foot. “Break, break, break” is repeated for more that has not been mentioned above to be conveyed more clearly. We can see the following lines touch the memory of the experience in which the poet was with his friend.第10课萧伯纳Question 1♦He is afraid to betray his origin.♦He is the son of a Clerkenwell watchmakerQuestion 2♦In this play and in British society at large, language is closely tied with class.♦From a person's accent, one can determine where the person comes from and usually what the person's socioeconomic background is.♦She speaks English so well that they are curious about her and eager to know her identity.♦They stop talking to look at her, admiring her dress, her jewels, and her strangely attractive self.♦Some of the younger ones at the back stand on their chairs to see.♦According to the hostess, there has been nothing like her in London since people stood on their chairs to look at Mrs. Langtry (English actress).Question 3♦Class Distinction. The social hierarchy is an unavoidable reality in Britain,.♦Shaw includes members of all social classes from the lowest (Liza) to the servant class (Mrs. Pearce) to the middle class (Doolittle after his inheritance) to the genteel poor (the Eynsford Hills) to the upper class (Pickering and the Higginses).♦The general sense is that class structures are rigid and should not be tampered with改动, so the example of Liza's class mobility is most shocking.♦The issue of language is tied up in class quite closely; the fact that Higgins is able to identify where people were born by their accents is telling有力的说明.♦British class and identity are very much tied up in their land and their birthplace, so it becomes hard to be socially mobile if your accent marks you as coming from a certain location♦Here Higgins, and through him Shaw, shows that this great difference between human beings can be destroyed. And when this disappears, the class distinction it represents also largely disappears. The flower girl does not have to stay on the curbstone with her basket all her life. To re-make human speech is a method of re-making modern society.第11课WoolfWhat is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.What is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.♦Middle-aged Clarissa has experienced the deaths of her father, mother, and sister and has lived through the calamity of war, and she has grown to believe that living even one day is dangerous.♦Death is very naturally in her thoughts, and the line from Cymbeline, along with Septimus‟s suicidal embrace of death, ultimately helps her to be at peace with her own mortality.♦Peter Walsh, so insecure in his identity, grows frantic at the idea of death and follows an anonymous young woman through London to forget about it.♦Septimus faces death most directly. Though he fears it, he finally chooses it over what seems to him a direr alternative—living another day.How is the novel related to the disillusionment of the British Empire?♦English citizens lost much of their faith in the empire after the war. No longer could England claim to be invulnerable and all-powerful. Citizens were less inclined to willingly adhere to the rigid constraints imposed by England‟s class system,which benefited only a small margin of society but which all classes had fought to preserve.♦In 1923, when Mrs. Dalloway takes place, the old establishment and its oppressive values are nearing their end. English citizens, including Clarissa, Peter, and Septimus, feel the failure of the empire as strongly as they feel their own personal failures. The old empire faces an imminent demise, and the loss of the traditional and familiar social order leaves the English at loose ends.What can we see about Englis h Society from Clarissa‟s preparation for the party?♦Woolf strived to illustrate the vain artificiality of Clarissa‟s life and her involvement in it.♦The detail given and thought provoked in one day of a woman…s preparation for a party, a simple social event, exposes the flimsy没有价值的lifestyle of England's upper classes at the time of the novel. How is the stream of consciousness technique used in Mrs. Dallay?♦In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an i ndividual‟s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions♦Stream of Consciousness is an innovative narration technique in the twentieth century to reflect the inner world of the characters and expose the social reality.Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs.Dalloway,which is the sign of maturity of Stream of Consciousness, is the best works of her.Through the use of stream of consciousness, which mainly includes montage, inner monologue and free association, the novel expresses the inner world of the protagonist directly.The story of the novel is of Clarissa Dalloway‟s preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. She goes around London in the morning, getting ready to host a party that evening. The nice day reminds her of her youth at Bourton and makes her wonder about her choice of husband; she married the reliable Richard Dalloway instead of the enigmatic and demanding Peter Walsh, who will pay her a visit in the evening.♦Clarissa‟s party in the evening is a slow success. It is attended by most of the characters she has met in the book, including people from her past.♦At the party she hears about the suicide of a World War I veteran Septimus, who suffers from “shell shock”, and gradually comes to admire the act of this stranger, which she considers an effort to preserve the purity of his happiness♦With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time and in a nd out of the characters‟ minds to construct an image of Clarissa‟s life and of the inter-war social structure。
英美文学选读历年主观题及答案
1 Give a brief discussion of Henry James’ literary achievement.International theme: James‟s novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between America and EuropePsychological realism: James‟s realism is characterized by his psychological approach to his subject matter. His fictional world is concerned with the inner world of human beings. He is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century “stream-of-consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realismHis language is highly refined and insightful; he is the most expert of stylist of his timeNarrative point of view: moving away from authorial omniscience, making the characters reveal themselves Literary criticism: “The Art of Fiction”. The theme of “The Art of Fiction” clearly indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life, also advocates the freedom of the artist to write about anything that concerns him. James‟s language is elaborate and refined with lengthy psychological analyses.2. Hemingway Code heroesIt refers to some protagonists in Hemingway‟s works. In the general situation of Hemingway‟s novels, life is full of tension and battles; the world is in chaos and man is always fighting desperately a losing battle. Those who survive in the process of seeking to master the code with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint are Hemingway code heroes.2. Some of Hemingway‟s heroes are regarded as the Hemingway code heroes. Whatever the differences in experience and age, they all have something in common which Hemingway values. What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?They have seen the cold world and for one cause or another, they boldly and courageously face the reality, whatever the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure.Almost all his heroes are “soldiers” either in a narrow or broad sense. They are out there against the nature or the world, or even themselves. But no matter where the battle-ground is and how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated.Hemingway himself is one of those code heroes, some critics say his protagonists are autobiographical, for they share something that is Hemingway.2 Greatly and permanently affected by the war experiences, Hemingway formed his own writing style，together with his theme and hero. Please discuss Hemingway‟s writing style in relation to his novels you have read.Hemingway himself once said, “The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water”. Typical of this “iceberg” analogy is Hemingway‟s style. He deals with a limited range of characters in quite similar circumstances and measures them against unvarying code, known as “grace under pressure”.The characters he depicted, with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint, survive in the process of seeking to master the codeAccording to Hemingway, good literary writing should be able to make readers feel the emotion of the characters directly and the best way to produce the effect is to set down exactly every particular kind of feeling without any authorial comments, without conventionally emotive language, and with a bare minimum of adjectives and adverbs.Besides, Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain答案Greatly effected by war experience, Ernest Hemingway formed his own writing style, together with his theme and hero.In Our time is the first book to present a Hemingway's hero-------Nick Adams.the great part of the book traces in separate, but thematically related, short stories the growth of a young man called Nick Adams from his childhood to his return as a war veteran.The Sun Also Rises is Hemingway's first true novel. it casts light on a whole generation after the First War and the effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of ' The lost generation' a group of young american who left their native land and fought in the war and later engaged themselves in writing in a new way about their own expericenc.A Farewell to Arms tells us a story about the tragic love between a wounded American soldier with a British nurse.For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and The Sea tell more about later Hemingway. For Whom the Bell Tolls clearly represent a new beginning in Hermingway's career as a writer, which concerns a volunteer American RobertJordan fighting in spanish Civial War. Although fully aware of the doomed failure of his strugle, he keeps on striving because it is a cause of freedom and democracy. in the end, the mannerof his dying convences people that life is worth living and there are causes worth dying for. the Old Man and The Sea is a triumph, a fullfillment of the affirmative attitude that makes its first successful appearance in For Whom the Bell Tolls. the thort story is about an old Cuban fishman Santiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin. In a tragic sense, it is a representation of life as a truggle against unconquerable natural forces in which only a partial victory is possible. there is a feeling of great respect for the struggle and mankind.Man Without Woman is a collection of short stories, the best of which are " The Undefeated'',''The Killer'',and ''Fifty Grand''. In Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of bullfight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy. The Green Hills of Africa is about how the writer can survive against the threats to his talents of genteel traditions in America. The Snow of Kilimanjaro tells a brillient short story about a mortally wounded American writher who attempts to redeem his imagination form the corrosion of weath and domestic strife. To Have and Have not is one of many to show Hemingway's characteristic pattern of a lonely individual struggling against nature and the environment.Hemingway's world is limited. he deals limited range of characters in quite similar circumstance and measures them against an unvarying code, known as ''the grace under pressure''. in the general situation of his novels, life is full of tension and bettles. thouth life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a that loss becomes dignity;man can physically destoryed but never defeated spiritually.typical of this "iceberg'' analogy is Hemingway's style. according to Hemingway, good literary writing should be able to make reader feel the emotion of the characters directly and the best way to produce the effect is to set down exactly every particular kind of feeling without any authorial comments,without conventionally emotive language, and with a bare minium of objectives and adverbs. seemingly simple and natural , Hingmingway's style is actually polished and tightly controlled,but highly suggestive and connotative. besides, Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain. the accents and mannerisms of human speech are so well presented that the characters are full of flesh and blood and the use of short,simple and conventional words and sentence have an effect of clearness ,terseness and great care3Whitman is one of the representative poets in America. He employed brand-new means in his poetry. What are the features of his poetry?His poetic style is marked by the use of the poetic “I”He adopted “free verse”, that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rh yme scheme.The images in his poems are unconventionalHe uses oral EnglishHis vocabulary is amazingParallelism and phonetic recurrence are used at the beginning of the lines3Whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman‟s free verse?It doesn‟t have fixed beat or regular rhyme schemeHis poetic lines are simple and prose-like, varying in length, which allows him to express his ideas freelyHe also applies oral English in his free verse to make it an effective way to express freely the feelings of common people.3 Give a brief comment on Whitman’s style and languageradically innovative in terms of poetic form by using “free verse”, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme schemethe use of poetic “I” representing all those people in his poems as well the poetrelatively simple and crudehonest and undistorted images of different aspects of America of the daystrong tendency to use oral English4 F. Scott Fitzgerald has been regarded as the literary spokesman of the Jazz age.his first novel This side of paradise, the second novel The beautiful and Damned, they have the same theme that they portray the emotional and spiritual collapse of a wealthy yong man during unstable marriage.his masterpiece The Great Gatsby made him one of the greatest novelist .Tender is the Night, which he traces the decline of a young American psychiatrist whose marriage to a beautiful and weathy patient drains his personal energies and corrodes his professional career.The last novel is The Last Tycoon .Fitzgerald's short-story collections: Flappers and philosophers, Tales of Jazz Age, All the Sad Yong Man, Taps at Reveille. one of the best stories is Babylon Rvisited, which depicts an American's return to Paris in the 1930s and his regretful realization that the past is beyond his reach, since he can neigher alter it nor make any amends.Fitzgerald's fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the jazz age, in which he shows a particular interest in the upper-class society, especially the upper-class young people.Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fictions to deal with the bankruptcy of the American dream ,which is highlighted by the disillusionment of the protagonists' personal dreams due to the clashes between their romantic verson of life and the sordid reality.Fitzgerald is a greatest stylist in american literature. his style closely related to his themes,is explicit and chilly. his accurate dialogues, his careful observation of mannerism,styles models and attitude provide the reader with vivid sense of reality. he fellows the jamesian tradition in using the scenic method in his chapters, each one of which consists of one or more dramatic scenes some time with intervening passage of narration, leaving the tedious process of transition to the readers'imagination. he also skillfully employs the device of haveing events observed by a central consciousness to his great advantage.答案：Why was Fitzgerald regarded as spokesman of the “Jazz Age”?Fitzgerald was a representative figure of the 1920s. He never failed to remain detached and foresee the tragedy of the “Dollar Decade”. His works mirror the exciting age in almost every way. Through the glittering world of his fiction run the themes of moral waste and decay and necessity of personal responsibility. The Great Gatsby, a book about the Jazz Age, is a case study in people‟s pursuit of an elusive American Dream. It is also a powerful criticism of American society. Thus he is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.5. William Faulkner, a Nobel Priza winner, has an important position in American literature. Name two of his Major novels. Do you know anything about"Yoknapatawpha County?" What is unique of Faulkner's fiction, historically and geographically?The Sound and the Fury, Light in August, Go Down, Moses, Absalom, Absalom!Yoknapatawpha County is an imaginary place based on Faulkner‟s own hometown, a place that he took for the setting of 15 of his 19 novels and many short stories. This small region in American South becomes in Faulkner‟s fiction an allegory or a parable of the Old South.His literary representation of the Old South; and his theme of the deterioration, loss and moral decay of the Old South when it was falling apart.5 William Faulkner is one of the greatest American novelists. What do you know about his narrative techniques?The range of narrative techniques used by Faulkner is remarkable.He would never step between the characters and the reader to explain, but let the characters explain themselves and hinder as little as possible the reader‟s direct experience of the work of art.The most characteristic way of structuring his stories is to fragment the chronological time. He deliberately broke up the chronology of his narrative by juxtaposing the past with the present, in the way the montage does in a movie.The modern stream-of-consciousness technique was frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narratorMoreover, Faulkner was good at presenting multiple points of viewThe other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include symbolism and mythological and biblical allusion.6Mark Twain is known as locol colorist, who prefered to present social life though portraits of local characters of his reagion.Another factors that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are coloquial, concrete and direct in effert, and his sentence structure are simple , even ungrammatical, which is a typical of spoken language. what's more , his characters confined to a particular region and historial monent, speak with strong accent, which is ture of his local colorism. besides, different character from different literary or different culture backgrounds talk differently. Twain has made colloquial speech an accepted , respectable literary medium in the literary history of the countryMarke Twain's humor is remarkable.Mark Twain 's full literary career began to blossom in 1869 with the travel book INNOCENTS ABROAD, an account of american tourists in Europewhich pokes fun at old world in a satirical tone .ROUGHING IT, he describes a journey that work its way further and farther west through Navada to san francisso then to Hawaii.LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI tell a story of his boyhood ambition to become a riverboat pilot, this time up and down the Missippi.THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SOWYER and ADV ANTUES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN proved themselves to be the milestone in the american literature, the the firmly established TW AIN'S possition in the literary work.THE GILDED AGE remarks the transition of life attitude, Twain 's dark view of society become more self-evident in the works published latter in his life . A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHER'S COURT ,offering to develop the Arthurian's world and rid of superstitions, Hank Morgan destroys it, instead of modernizing it. A similar mood of despair permeates THE TRAGEDY OF PUDD'n HEAD WILSON which shows the disastrous effects of salary on vicimizer and victim.By the turn of the century, with the publication of THE MAN THAT CORRUPTED HADLEYBURG and THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER, the change in Mark Twain from optimist to an amost despairing pessimist. ADVENTURES OF HUCKL YBERRY FINN is know as characteration of HUCK, a typical american boy whom its creator descriped a boy with sound heart and deformed conscience. and remarkable for the raft's journey dowm the mississippi river, which twain used both realistically and symbolically to shape his book into organic whole. Though the eyes of huck , the innocent and reluctant rebel , we seethe pre-civil war american society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain 's thematic contrates between innocence and experience,nature and culture , wilderness and civilization.7 Discuss the concept of wasteland in relation to the works of those writers in the 20th century American literature.…The Waste Land‟ is a poem written by T.S. Eliot on the theme of the sterility and chaos of th3 contemporary world. This most widely known expression of the despair in the postwar era has appeared over and over again in the works of those writers in the 2oth century American literature. Faulkner exemplified T.S. Eliot‟s concept of modern society as a wasteland is a dramatic way, he condemned the mechanized, industrialized society that has dehumanized man by forcing him to cultivate false values and decrease those essential human values such as courage, fortitude, honesty and goodness. Fitzgerald sought to portray a spiritual wasteland of the jazz age. Beneath the masks of relaxation and joviality, there was only sterility, meaningless and futility amid the grandeur and extravagance, there was a hint of decadence and moral decay. Hemingway, the leading spokesman of the Lost Generation, though disillusioned in the postwar period, strove to bring about man‟s “grace under pressure”. He tried to bring out the idea than man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.8 Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the sense”. Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind”. Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.1. Growth and Development1) the publication of Emerson‟s Naturea new way of intellectual thinking in America;a new and mature period of American Romanticism: the period of New England Transcendentalism2) the first American intellectual movement3) romantic idealism on Puritan soila system of thought from three sources:A. William Ellery Channing‟s Unitarianisma thoughtful revolt against orthodox Puritanism:a. God as one being → the doctrine of trinityb. the tolerance of difference in religious opinionc. the free control of each congregation‟s own affairs and its independent authorityB. the idealistic philosophy from France and GermanyC. oriental mysticism2. Major Concepts1) the definition of Transcendentalismthe recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, or of knowing truth intuitively, or of reaching the divine without the need of an intercessor2) the leader of TranscendentalismRalph Waldo Emerson: moral law3) the major conceptsA. the power of intuitionB. essence behind appearanceC. unity of humanity and natureD. the significance of the individualE. an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul”F. less attention to the material world3. Significance1) a manifestation of romantic movement2) an ethical guide to life for America3) important to American literature4. Weakness1) never a systematic philosophy2) a rationale for the pressure towardexpansionism3) the result of rampant individualism4) its denial of its real spiritual origin9 What are the artistic achievements of Edgar Allan Poe?Poe is known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short story form, especially tales of the mysterious and macabre. He originated the novel of detection. The best known tale in this genre is The Murders in the Morgue (1841). Many of Poe‟s tales are distinguished by the author‟s unique grotesque inventiveness in addition to his superb plot construction. Such stories include The Fall of the House of Usher(1983), in which the penetrating gloominess of the atmosphere is accented equally with plot and characterization. Poe‟s poems are remarkable for their flawless literary construction and for their haunting themes and meters as in the poems …The Raven‟ and … Annabel Lee‟。
2016年10月全国自考《英美文学选读》真题及详解
2016年10月全国自考《英美文学选读》真题(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)1. 单项选择题1. Which of the following is considered to be the best known English dramatist since Shakespeare?A Oscar Wilde.B John Galsworthy.C William Butler Yeats.D George Bernard Shaw.答案:D解析：萧伯纳是英国现代杰出的现实主义戏剧作家，在戏剧方面被公认为自莎士比亚之后英国最优秀的戏剧大师。
2. Paradise Lost by______was finished in 1665 , after seven years' labor in darkness.A Christopher MarlowB John MiltonC William ShakespeareD Ben Johnson答案:B解析：《失乐园》是约翰-弥尔顿的杰作，于1665年完成。
故事取材于旧约，是继《贝奥武甫》之后唯一的一部公认的英国文学中的史诗。
3. Which of the following is NOT written by D. H. Lawrence?A Women in Love.B Sons and Lovers.C The Rainbow.D The French Lieutenant's Woman.答案:D解析：戴维-赫伯特-劳伦斯是20世纪最伟大的小说家之一，他的主要作品有《恋爱中的女人》《儿子与情人》《虹》。
《法国中尉的女人》是约翰-福尔斯的作品。
4. William Shakespeare is one of the giants of______.A AestheticismB RenaissanceC RealismD Romanticism答案:B解析：亨利八世统治期间，文艺复兴的春风吹入英国。
英美文学欣赏考题整理及问题详解
Part One：English Poetry1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18•Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer’s day? And who could `thee` be?Because summer’s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love.•What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why?Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May.•How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Thee is more beautiful than summer.•What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal?Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal.•What figures of speech are used in this poem?Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on .•What is the theme of the poem?Love conquers all, Beauty lives on.2. Thomas Nashe Spring•Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images.There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!”The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，” impressions me most because of the harmony of the people’s relationship.•Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem?In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θ consonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ].3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning•What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning?No, it is about the lovers’ separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife’s love is sacred, he didn’t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the’s death metaphor for lovers’ separation, in the third verse he used “moving of the earth” and “trepidation of the spheres” metaphor for lovers’separation and the result of separation, in the last three verse he used stiff twin compasses’ two legs metaphor for poet himself and his wife. All these metaphors show poet opinion that he will separate from his wife in peace, their love is a scared love, when they away from each other, they will not be hurt by the pain of the separation. He and his wife will not really separate. They care about each other and listen to the other one’s heart, their trust and loyalty makes their love perfect like the circle made by a twin compasses.4.William Blake The Tiger•What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger?The symbol of the Tiger is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tiger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime, or vision itself.The list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tiger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities. Here are two major symbolisms:The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation.The tiger shows the force of French Revolution.•What paradox can you find in the poem?"Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.5.Robert Burns A Red, Red Rose•How dose the narrator in the love song express his love?In stanza 1, the narrator presents two similes, the first comparing his love to a rose and the second comparing his love to a melody.In stanza 2, the narrator addresses the young lady as bonnie. In the last line of the stanza, he presents hyperbole, a figure of speech that exaggerates.In stanza 3, the man promises eternal love for her.In stanza 4, the poet vows to love her however far he may go.•Why is this poem so touching to the readers?Because this poem professes the poet’s true love for his beloved girl, and uses the mentioned above to touch the readers.6.William Wordsw orth I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud•What does the poet see?He sees some daffodils.•What is the poet’s mood before he sees the daffodils?Vacant and pensive.•What is the poet’s mood after he sees the daffodils?He is very pleasant.•How does the magical change occur?Those daffodils show a fantastic picture to the poet, and the poet has been deeply affected by the scene, and his mood changes.•What is the theme of the poem? Or what does the poet want to tell you?It shows the beauty of nature, and the nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit, and the harmony between human and nature.7.Robert Browning My Last Duchess• 1. In this poem, who and on what occasion is speaking to whom?The Duke is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke’s marriage (he has recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family.•What sort of person is the Duke’s last Duchess?She is kind, easy-going, innocent and lively.• And what became of her in the end?She became very upset and worrying. The duchess died under suspicious circumstances on April 21, 1561, just two years after he married her. She may have been poisoned.• 2. What sort of person is the Duke?He is outrageously arrogant, narrow-minded, selfish, hypocritical, cold-blooded, crucial, greedy and treacherous.8.Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!•Q:Walt Whitman’s poem “O Captain! My Captain!” is written in the form of an allegory. What is the overall connotative meaning in the poem?A: Ship’s implied meaning is America; My captain’ implied meaning is Abraham Lincoln who leaded America to triumph in American Civil War then; our fearful trip’s implied meaning is American Civil War after which Lincoln was assassinated. In this poem author spoken highly of Lincoln’ contribution and expressed his sorrow for Lincoln’ death.9.Emily Dickinson (1)Success is counted sweetest (67)•According to the poem, who can understand success most? Do you agree or not with the poet’s view that “Success is counted sweetest bythose who ne’er succeed”?The person who best understands the meaning of success is the person who fails•What sort of feelings does the poet show toward the victor and the defeated?The poet shows her awareness of the complicated truths of human desire. Success can be comprehended by someone who need it; the defeated, dying man understand victory more clearly than the victorious army does.(2)Because I could not stop for Death (712)•How many people are there in the carriage? And where are they going right now?There are three in the carriage, the Poet, Death, and Immortality.•Where did they pass? What can these places remind us of?They passed the school, the fields of Gazing grain, the Setting Sun.It reminds us of childhood, maturity and old age, the children are evident symbols of the beginning of things, the grain rip of the adulthood, and the sun setting of the rest of the days.•What is the poet’s attitude toward death and life implied in the poem?The poet’s attitude is that death is nothing to be forced since it is natural part of the endless cycle of nature, it’s only the beginning ;to die is to go on another journey, although death takes one away from the earthy world ;there is still something to look forward to when one dies, death means eternity.10.Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening•Why did the speaker stop?Literally he was fascinated by the beautiful night scene and stoped his horse to watch the woods fill up with the snow,it was also a little break for the long travel. But in fact,it's symbolism,the 'woods' stands for the nature,the 'village' stands for the human world, 'horse' for the animal world. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man.•Why did he later decide to go?As the last sentence said 'But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep.'His 'horse' shake the bell to ask if they should go,which is actuallya symbol of vitality, urges him to go. He lives in the real life,and he has his own obligation "promise to keep',he hasn't achieve it, so he must go on his trip,leave the beautiful scene.Though the scene is so amazing,he has to have the real life. Though the reallife is so hard,he must back to it,and reach his goal. One leaves no regrets after he dies, as long as one has reached his goal.•What is your understanding of “promises to keep”?“The promise” could be an obligation or a goal. One cannot die before fulfilling one’s dream. The poet uses “sleep” to represent death, just as we usually do. People have their own dream or goal,it's also the duty for us to finish, we live for ourselves and we make life wonderful by keeping on reaching our goal,no regrets leaves as long as we have reached our goals.11. Ezra Pound In a Station of the MetroPart Two: English Fiction12. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels●In this chapter, Swift describes the smallness of the Lilliputians.What does this “smallness” imply in the author’s satire of the aristocratic bourgeois society of the time?Key: The Lilliput scene depicted in the first volume of the novel is a microcosm of the British Empire. The perennial endless struggle between UK Tories and Whigs and external war are essentially just politicians intrigue in the section has nothing to do with the national economy and the people's livelihood. The “smallness” imply that …●What is the cause of the civil strife and war between Lilliput andthe neighbouring empire of Blefuscu? What is the target of the author’s satire?(1)Key: The parties are divided as high-heeled party and low-heeled partyaccording to the height of the heel. The relationship between parties is irreconcilable; Neighboring countries not only want to conquer and enslave the other, but also argue about trifles such as which head we should knock when we will eat eggs .(2) Key: The author uses irony and innuendo tactics to reflect the British social contradictions among first half of the 18th century, to criticize the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces, to expose the corruption and evil of the ruling clique, and to criticize the hazards of a war of aggression and colonialism.13Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice1.Do you agree with the statement “it is truth universally acknowledgedthat a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want ofa wife”? What is the relationship between money and marriage? Key: (1) I agree with this statement. In my view, a bachelor who has lots of money is supposed to have a wife to company him. The amount of money demonstrates the ability of a person. The beauties and the wits should come together.(2)First, the relationship between marriage and money is very close; we can say that the money is the basis of marriage. This is just from thematerial conditions of life. However, the amount of money can’t measure the quality of marriage. A determinant of marriage is the couple's feelings, and if the lack of the feelings, life is not a happy marriage even though has more money.2.What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her? Key: (1) Mrs. Bennet - a foolish, noisy woman whose only goal in life is to see her daughters married. Because of her low breeding and often unbecoming behavior, Mrs. Bennet often repels the very suitors whom she tries to attract for her daughters.(2) Mrs. Bennet is a miraculously tiresome character, who is noisy and foolish. And Mrs. Bennet is totally obedient and submissive in her marriage. Mrs. Bennet is a self-centered woman with the attitude that whatis good enough for her is good enough for her children.14. Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights1.What is the main plot of the whole novel? What causes the tragic endingof the love between Heathcliff and Catherine? Would it have been possible, under the circumstances, for the victimized lovers to finda way out?Key:Novel’s theme is vengeance. Katherine's character flaws is the root causes of the tragedy, Heathcliff to lost love human distortion conducteda series of revenge activities, the capitalist society for the generation of tragedy provides fertile soil. If Heathcliff get marry with Katherine, they’ll be happiness.2.Is Heathcliff’s revenge upon the Earnshaw and Linton familiesjustifiable? What is the author’s attitude toward Heathcliff, judging from the final futility of the revenge?Key: For the vengeance of the people is right .but it’s wrong in law. It’s love, but Heathcliff’s love is crazy.15. Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour•What kind of character is Louise Mallard?Key: Mrs. Mallard is a sympathetic character with strength and insight.• What are the themes of this short story?Key: It’s mainly about the awakening of feminine awareness and the fruitless struggle of women for freedom in a man-centered world. It is about marriage bondages and celibacy freedom.•What do “heart trouble” and “the open window” symbolize? Key: (1) heart trouble symbolizes(2) the open window symbolizes16. Earnest Hemingway Hills like White Elephants• 1. What is a “white elephant ”according to the dictionary definition? What does a “white elephant” symbolize in the story?(1) Key: a: a property requiring much care and expense and yieldinglittle profitb : an object no longer of value to its owner but of value toothersc : something of little or no value(2)Key: The woman is pregnant, and the White Elephant is a hint of thebody of the women. The fact that the two. This matter becomes a heavy burden for the two people.• 2. List the evidence that tells what kind of operation Jig is confronting. How risky is it physically and emotionally?(1) evidence:1. 'It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig,' the man said.'It's not really an operation at all.'2.'I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It'sjust to let the air in.'3. 'They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural.'4. 'I know we will. Yon don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it.'5. 'But I know it's perfectly simple.'(2) Key:1.Do affect her health, result that the body is badly weakened andbe reduced immunity in the aspect of physical.2. Do be Frustrated, empty and depressed mood which leads to thatshe can not be quiet in the aspect of emotion.• 3. Has Jig made up her mind to do the operation?Key: The question about whether to do an abortion, the article comesa stop suddenly at the end. So we can’t make sure whether Jig has madeup her mind to do the operation.• 4. If the operation is something already decided on, then what upsets Jig? What is the real conflict between the couple?Key: (1) She worries that she could not get happiness as before with the man. She upsets that he would leave her for ever.(2) The real conflict between the couple is that whether the manlikes the women from the deep heart and their attitudes towards life.• 5. What kind of girl is Jig? How is their relation like? Does the American love Jig?Key: (1) She is restless and confused and longing for the deeper love from the man.(2) There could be many situations: first, a married man compelshis lover to have a abortion; second, as a bachelor, he worries the baby would make his life be complex and so on.(3) Because of the various situations, we could not make anaccurate conclusion that the man loves Jig. However, on some degree the man loves the woman by analyzing the conversation between them.• 6. What is Hemingway’s style?Key: Hemingway’s style is laconic. The characteristic is reflected in thatWhen writing, he is very clear what kind of content could pit one against ten. It is both an immediate situation and also containing other deeper meanings, which can be informed in the way of exploring something by the readers.17.William Faulkner A Rose for Emily• 1. What is the meaning of the title?Key: A rose is a funeral flower. It’s author’s tribute to Emily, and also to south, Emily is the symbol. And it has an ironic meaning to this story.• 2. What kind of woman is Miss Emily?Key: She is embodiment of south, the old and traditional, also obstinate, resists to change anything ,a determined，dignified, valiant and literate woman.• 3. How did the townspeople think of her?Key: The townspeople had mixed feelings— she was “dear inescapable, impervious, tranquil”, and perverse. Also she was always expected to bring honor to the town and set a good example for the young.• 4. What is the symbolic meaning of Emily’s house?Key: Emily’s house, like Emily herself, is a monument, the only remaining emblem of a dying world of southern aristocracy, also represents alienation and death.• 5. What is special about the narration of this story?Key: The writing style of the novel is using flashbacks and narration interspersed with flashbacks. The author let us know the independent but closely related events skillfully under the premise of being not exposed the true intentions, which makes us draw attention to the development of the plot without boring.Part Three: English Drama18. William Shakespeare Hamlet, Prince of Denmark• 1. Why does sleep appear to be so fearful for Hamlet even though it can put an end to the numerous headaches in our life?Key: As described in the text, Hamlet thinks that sleep is different from death. Death means the end of life, you may go to the unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet can’t realize his will. Sleep can’t end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks. He can’t revenge and get relief through this way. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good or evil.• 2. Why would most people prefer to bear all the sufferings in life rather than choose death as a means to end them?Key: 1. As it goes that ‘Adversity makes growth’, by solving the problems we can acknowledge plenty of skills and overcome the sufferings in life. If we choose death as a means to end them, it is too passive for us toface the obstacles in life, which will lead to the failure in life.2. Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a wearylife, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we don’t know.”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.Romeo and Juliet•What does it mean when Juliet says “That which we call a rose / By my other name would smell as sweet”?Key:In Shakespeare's time, name on behalf of their family, and his family represents the social status. And personal just only on behalf of their inner identity.And Juliet says strongly reflects her humanist outlook on life and the concept of the ideal.19. Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest1.How do you understand the title of the play? What is your impressionof Gwendolen? What are the most striking traits in Lady Bracknell’s character?(1) Key: Here is a pun. It’s important to be a serious man. And the author wants to satirize the triviality with which it treats institutions as serious as marriage, and the resulting satire of Victorian ways. (2) Key: She advocates sincere, do be intelligent and friendly, and is able to forgive the mistakes of others. She do be a earnest person. (3) Key: Lady Bracknell embodies the stereotype of the Victorian English aristocrat woman. She belongs to aristocratic society and is a typical Victorian snob, who is arrogant, formal and concerned with money. She is interested only in a materialistic world.20. Eugene O’Neill The Hairy Ape1.Yank assumes more than once the posture of Rodin’s “The Thinker”in the play. What does it have to do with the play’s motif and tone?What are the major images and symbols employed in the play to dramatize the theme?(1) Key: 1. The themes of this article are modern man loses his sense of belonging under technological progress and humanity is in a predicament by creating a world he does not belong to.2. The Thinker is often painful, which demonstrates the profoundly tragic matter of modern people like Yank: he is thinking and looks forward to a better life, but he doesn’t find the answer. In O'Neill’s opinion, there exists no answer. Therefore, he is destined to be a loser.3. In summary, the description of his behavior makes the theme more significant.2.Why do you think the play is subtitled “A Comedy of Ancient and ModernLife in Eight Scenes”？Key: 1. The hairy ape is a comedy of ancient and modern life which showsO'Neill's social concern for the oppressed industrial working class. It presents an extremely negative view of the state, of mechanized America, where the worker best adjusted to the system is a “hairy ape,” and where the “Capitalist class” is even more terribly dehumanized , for it has lost all connection with life , is simply “a procession of gaudy marionettes.”2. The play was created in 20th century when western people suffered unprecedented intellectual crisis. Human beings lost their absolute value, which made people fall into confusion and desperation. Besides, man’s desire to emotions was ignored in the rapid development of technology. People put existence of individuality first at that time.3. Numerous obstacles and frustrations occur in the way of Yank’s seeking for his position, which reflects survival crisis of most modern people. The more people think about, the clearer people realize about freedom.。
英美文学试题及答案
英美文学试题及答案### 英美文学试题及答案#### 一、选择题1. 以下哪部作品是威廉·莎士比亚的代表作？A. 《悲惨世界》B. 《哈姆雷特》C. 《安娜·卡列尼娜》D. 《了不起的盖茨比》答案：B2. 爱伦·坡的哪部短篇小说被誉为哥特式恐怖小说的经典之作？A. 《黑猫》B. 《红死病的假面舞会》C. 《乌鸦》D. 《告密的心》答案：B3. 以下哪位作家是现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 乔治·奥威尔C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 马克·吐温答案：C#### 二、填空题4. 英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在其作品《_______》中表达了对自然的热爱和对简单生活的向往。
答案：《抒情歌谣集》5. 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》中，盖茨比的悲剧性结局反映了20世纪20年代美国社会的一种_______。
答案：幻灭#### 三、简答题6. 简述《简·爱》中简·爱的独立精神。
《简·爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，简·爱在作品中展现了强烈的独立精神。
她不屈从于社会地位和财富的压迫，坚持自己的道德信念和个人尊严。
在与罗切斯特先生的关系中，她拒绝成为他的情妇，坚持要得到平等和尊重。
简·爱的独立精神体现了19世纪女性自我意识的觉醒和对传统性别角色的挑战。
7. 描述《老人与海》中老渔夫桑地亚哥的形象。
《老人与海》是欧内斯特·海明威的杰作，老渔夫桑地亚哥是作品中的中心人物。
他是一个经验丰富、坚韧不拔的渔夫，面对连续84天没有捕到鱼的困境，他没有放弃，而是继续出海。
在与一条巨大的马林鱼的搏斗中，桑地亚哥展现了顽强的生命力和不屈的斗志。
尽管最终他只带回了鱼的骨架，但他的勇敢和坚持赢得了人们的尊敬，体现了人类与自然斗争的永恒主题。
英美文学考研题库和答案详解
英美文学考研题库和答案详解下列哪一部作品不是由英国作家莎士比亚所著？答案：D.《白鲸》是由美国作家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔所著。
答案：A.欧内斯特·海明威凭借其作品《老人与海》、《战地春梦》等获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
答案：B.《红与黑》是批判现实主义文学作品。
答案：英国文艺复兴时期的文学作品表现出对人文主义的强烈追求，个体的内心世界和人类命运，作品主题多样，涵盖爱情、友谊、家庭、社会矛盾等。
作品形式多样，包括戏剧、诗歌、散文等。
代表作家包括莎士比亚、培根等。
答案：美国现代主义文学强调个体内心的表达，人类的困境和困惑。
作品形式创新，常常采用象征、隐喻、意识流等手法。
主题包括孤独、迷茫、自我等。
代表作家包括庞德、艾略特、福克纳等。
请论述英国浪漫主义诗歌的主要代表人物及作品，并阐述其艺术特色。
答案：英国浪漫主义诗歌的主要代表人物有华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦。
华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》表现了他对自然的热爱和对人类情感的理解；柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》讲述了一个海上漂流的故事，揭示了人类的罪恶和苦难；拜伦的《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》和《唐璜》则以豪放的激情和鲜明的个性，表现了诗人的反抗精神和积极进取的精神。
这些诗人的作品都展现了浪漫主义诗歌的艺术特色：以自然为题材，赞美自然，抒发个人情感，人类命运，反对封建制度等。
请阐述美国现实主义文学的主要特点和代表作家。
答案：美国现实主义文学的主要特点是对社会现实的客观描述和批判，社会问题和社会底层人民的命运。
代表作家包括马克·吐温、亨利·詹姆斯、欧内斯特·海明威等。
马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、《哈克贝里·芬历险记》等作品以幽默讽刺的手法揭示了社会的黑暗面；亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇人的画像》、《螺丝在拧紧》等作品则深入探讨了人的内心世界和人际关系的复杂性；欧内斯特·海明威的《太阳照常升起》、《老人与海》等作品以简洁明快的语言和客观写实的手法表现了战争的残酷和人类的勇气与尊严。
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. . 英美文学选读-阶段测评3 成绩： 87.5 分 一、Multiple Choice 共 40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 D.H.Lawrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces.
A、The Rainbow，Women in Love B、The Rainbow，Sons and Lovers C、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s Lover D、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》 标准答案：A 考生答案：A
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land.
A、“Prufrock” B、“Gerontion” C、The Hollow Men D、Lyrical Ballads （P358.para3）“Gerontion”是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B . . 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分 D.H.Lawrence’s autobiographical novel is( ).
A、The Rainbow B、Women in Love C、Sons and Lovers D、Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。 标准答案：C 考生答案：C
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 4 本题分数:2.5 分 The typical representatives of G.B.Shaw’ s early plays are( ).
A、Man and Superman，The Apple Cart B、Widowers’ House，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession C、Candida，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession D、The Apple Cart，Widowers’ House （P321-322）。萧伯纳的第一步剧作是Widowers’ House，写于1892年；第二部剧作是Mrs. Warren’ s Profession，写于1893年。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 5 本题分数:2.5 分 It was only after the publication of( )that D.H.Lawrence was recognized as a prominent novelist. . . A、The Trespasser B、The White Peacock C、Sons and Lovers D、The Rainbow （P370.para3）《儿子和情人》是劳伦斯的第三部作品，也是他的成名作。 标准答案：C 考生答案：C
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 6 本题分数:2.5 分 The major concern of( )fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.
A、John Galsworthy’s B、Thomas Hardy’s C、D.H.Lawrence’s D、Charles Dickens’ (P370.para.2)文学常识综合分析题型。劳伦斯的作品中，心理描写和心理分析是一个很重要的组成部分，作者也是通过这样的手段，来抨击资本主义工业革命的非人性化。 标准答案：C 考生答案：C
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 7 本题分数:2.5 分 Symbolism and complex narrative are employed more richly in D.H.Lawrence’s( ),which are generally regarded as his masterpieces. . . A、Women in Love，Sons and Lovers B、The Rainbow，Women in Love C、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s Lover D、Lady Chatterley’ s Lover，The Rainbow （P370.para2）劳伦斯的象征手法和叙事手法在其代表作中充分应用，而他的代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中得女人》。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 8 本题分数:2.5 分 T.S.Eliot’s most important single poem( )has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.
A、The Hollow Men B、The Waste Land C、Murder in the Cathedral D、Ash Wednesday （P359.para2）艾略特的《荒原》的地位在文学史上可以和华兹华斯的《抒情民谣》相媲美，被看做是20世纪英国诗歌的里程碑。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 9 本题分数:2.5 分 Which of the following poems by T.S.Eliot is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry? . . A、Poems 1909-1925 B、The Hollow Man C、Prufrock and Other Observations D、The Waste Land (P357.para.2)T.S.Eliot的《荒原》的出版，可以看作是英国文学现代主义时期的开端，所以具有划时代的意义。 标准答案：D 考生答案：D
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 10 本题分数:2.5 分 George Bernard Shaw’s play( )established his position as the leading playwright of his time.
A、Widowers’ Houses B、Too True to Be Good C、Mrs.Warren’s Profession D、Candida (P321.para4)英国文学史上，有三位剧作家值得一提，他们是莎士比亚，谢尔丹和肖伯纳，其中肖伯纳是现代时期最有名的一位剧作家。他的成名作品《康蒂妲》成书于纽约。 标准答案：D 考生答案：D
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 11 本题分数:2.5 分 The plays known as “the Lawrence trilogy” are all the following EXCEPT( ).
A、A Collier’ s Friday Night B、Lady Chatterley’ s Lover . . C、The Daughter - in - Law D、The Widowing of Mrs.Holroyed （P373。Para3）劳伦斯三部曲指的是戏剧作品 标准答案：B 考生答案：B
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 12 本题分数:2.5 分 George Bernard Shaw’s play( )shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.
A、Getting Married B、Too True to Be Good C、Widowers’ Houses D、The Apple Cart （P323.para1）萧伯纳的Too True to Be Good是其后期创作中较为上乘的作品，谴责的是一战的残酷和其给年轻人带来的迷茫。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B
本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 13 本题分数:2.5 分 G.B.Shaw’ s play( )established his position as the leading playwright of his time.
A、Widowers’ Houses B、Too True to Be Good C、Mrs.Warren’ s Profession D、Candida