2020年广东暨南大学英语水平考试考研真题

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【完整版】2020考研英语(二)真题及解析

【完整版】2020考研英语（二）真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very1,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,2,a younger sibling.3,There’s another sort of parent that s a bit easier to4:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,5every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy6. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human,and sometimes your kids can8you just a little too far.And then the9 happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10and does nobody any good.You wish that you could11the clock and start over,We’ve all been there:12,even though it’s common,it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue.you can say something to your child that you may13for a long time.This may not only do damage t0your relationship with.your child but also14your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your15with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when17by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skillsCertainly,it’s incredibly18to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with19situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefit and20from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they displayonly simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can.[A]pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warming messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped Tats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they.[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats.[A]can remember other rat’s facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats.[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings(B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers),or that they rig others’pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the350largest such companies—now makes about$18.9million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of limited CEOtalent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of America’s highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It’s not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today’s CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to“run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company,for instance,may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly,it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivating employees,serving as an internal role model,helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and business plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the world’s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A.The growth in the number of cooperationsB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increased business opportunities for top firmsD.Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors,today’s CEOs are required to__.A.foster a stronger sense of teamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite__.A.continual internal oppositionB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps__.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be__.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB.CEO Pay:Past and PresentC.CEOs’Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,stokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”, even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C]improve the city’s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than its been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren’t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose).Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring________.[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs are keenly aware________.[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[C]how they differ from past generations[D]how valuable a counselor’s advice is38.The word“assuage”(line9,para2)is closet in meaning to________.[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs________.[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-life balance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials,Generation Zs are________.[A]less realistic[B]less adventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Give compliments,just not too many.[B]Put on a good face,always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone.[E]Reveal,don’t hide information.[F]Slow down and listen.[G]Put yourselves in others’shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15 people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.[E]Reveal,don’t hide information.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try stay tight-lipped around them.But you won’t be helping either one of you.A Harvard Business School study foundthat observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42.[F]Slow down and listen.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’s a concern about a project,a stray thought,or a compliment.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.[D]Spend time with everyone.It’s common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting.But in addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.[A]Give compliments,just not too many.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’t have to be someone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good will in others.But don’t overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive,possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.[C]Tailor your interactions.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another.So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,they're not really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world,”or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something.we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn.These lessons arevery important,they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人的一生总要经历一些失败。

考研真题：广东暨南大学2019年[外国语言文学综合]考试真题

考研真题：暨南大学2019年[外国语言文学综合]考试真题I. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%) 1. A king or a queen is the head of the United Kingdom as the state is a constitutional monarchy. In practice, _________________.A. Parliament rules the countryB. the Prime Minister rules and reignsC. the Sovereign reigns but does not ruleD. the Sovereign rules but does not reign2. Since 1945, two parties, _________________, have held political power in the UK.A. the Conservative Party and the Labor PartyB. the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyC. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic PartyD. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party3. The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance are represented by __________________.A. Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlowe and Charles DickensB. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William ShakespeareC. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles DickensD. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson4. The mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as _________________.A. Economic BoomB. Industrial RevolutionC. Glorious RevolutionD. Urbanization5. In the UK, children from the age of 5 to 16 _________________.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. do not receive free education at allD. do not receive free education if their parents are rich6. Discovery of law of the universal gravitation by _________________ is the most important of all his achievements in physics.A. KeplerB. Isaac NewtonC. GalileoD. Copernicus7. The earliest settlers in America first found and took over the parts of _________________.A. The Appalachians and their foothillsB. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal PlainC. The interior lowlandsD. The Cordillera8. _________________ guaranteed the blacks and other races in the U.S. the right to vote.A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964D. The Voting Rights Act of 19659. In early 19th century, _________________was the center of American writing.A. BostonB. ChicagoC. PhiladelphiaD. New York City10. _________________ is the most important and largest river in the United States of America.A. The Colorado RiverB. The Mississippi RiverC. The Missouri RiverD. The Ohio River11. In the United States of America, Constitutional Amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _________________.A. two thirds of both housesB. three fourths of the statesC. two thirds of the statesD. half of the states12. _________________ is not the major newspaper or magazine in the U. S.A. Financial TimesB. New York TimesC. Washington PostD. National Geography .13. Canada consists of _________________ geographical regions.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six14. Maples always symbolize _________________.A. AmericaB. AustraliaC. CanadaD. England15. English and _________________ are the official languages in Canada.A. FrenchB. GermanC. PortugueseD. Spanish16. The important economy in Canada’s Atlantic provinces is _________________ since there are rich green mountains and valleys in these regions.A. agricultureB. forestry tradeC. textile businessD. tourist trade17. Australia locates between _________________ and Indian Ocean.A. the ArcticB. the AtlanticC. the North SeaD. Pacific Ocean18. _________________ is the sunniest city in Australia.A. AdelaideB. DarwinC. MelbourneD. Sydney19. _________________ is not one of the major exports of New Zealand.A. DairyB. FishC. OilD. Wool20. The Republic of Ireland declared its independence in _________________.A. 1918B. 1931C. 1945D. 1949II. Fill in the blanks with proper answers. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%)1. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _________________ study in linguistics.2. The relationship between words and what they represent is generally _________________.3. _________________ are produced by obstructing the flow of air as it passes from the lungs through the vocal tract and out through the mouth or nose.4. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _________________ of that phoneme.5. Words are not the only linguistic units to carry _________________ meaning. Sentences refer to actions, states, and events in the world as well.6. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _________________ rules.7. The fundamental function of every language system is to link meaning and expression—to provide _________________ expression for thought and feeling.8. When a word has two or more related meanings, it is a _________________.9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose points are to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _________________.10. A _________________ sentence, often called a clause, contains a verb and, at a minimum, any other expressions required by the verb as part of its structural characteristics.11. ____________ refers to a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.12.English Romanticism began in 1798 with the publication of ______________.13.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by _____________.14.Marcel Proust, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the representative writers of the ___________.15.The sub-title of Vanity Fair is ___________. The writer’s intention was not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.16.___________’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. 17.The most original playwright of the Theatre of Absurd is Samuel Beckett and his first play, _______________, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.18.The literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often thought to be ______________.19.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as ____________in the literary history of the United States.20.In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “_____________”.III. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (10%)Section A: Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. If it is true, write T and if it is false, write F.1. Grammar is a system of elements and patterns that organizes linguisticexpression.2. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.3. Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.4. Sometimes languages use different scripts for same purposes.5. When two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are regarded as complementary distribution.Section B: Give the author’s name and indicate the genre of the following works.6. The Merchant of Venice7. “A Rose for Emily”8. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn9. “I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud”10. “Ode to a Nightingale”IV. Choose SIX from the following terms and explain them briefly. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1. tone2. open class words3. major lexical categories of English language4. sense5. speech community6. cultural overlap7. epic8. sentimentalism9. the Lost Generation10. heroic couplet11. Lake poets12. point of viewV. Answer the following questions: Section A for linguistics candidates and Section B for literature candidates. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)Section A：1. What can be the differences between the macro-sociolinguistics and the micro-sociolinguistics?2. According to Halliday’s register theory, what are the three social variables that determine a register?3. What are the strong and weak versions of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?4. What is children’s atypical development of language acquisition?Section B：5.Based on The Old Man and the Sea, discuss the themes and writing style of Ernest Hemingway’s novels.6.Discuss the theme of the poem “The Waste Land”by Thomas Stearns Eliot and comment on its importance in the history of American literature.ment on the main characteristics of Romanticism.8.Make a comment on the character of Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte.VI. Choose ONE of the following questions and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1. Please state Paul Grice’s(1) Conversational Cooperative Principle;(2) its Maxims and sub-maxims;(3) illustrate the maxims with at least one example.(for linguistics candidates)2.Analyze the theme, poetic form and rhetorical devices of the following poem and develop it into an essay with no less than 200 words. (for literature candidates)O Captain, My CaptainO Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trips is done,The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But – O heart! Heart! Heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells;Rise up – for you the flag is flung – for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths – for you the shores acrowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!This arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,You’ve fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still.My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,Form fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead。

2020年研究生考试英语二真题及答案

2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。

2020考研英语一真题+答案--研究生入学考试真题

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C], or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health.That this3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has5a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6____high temperatures.This means that people should7____crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin-crust pizzas and only_8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?9studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no10____evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a15____.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be16up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living? 17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just20____with one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]issued[A]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On the basis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief[D]In general18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end upSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C],or [D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain'town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some1might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough after award bagged by Glasgow in1990and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-al1.A badly run“year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are t hose that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture"could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture"award could_____[A]consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B]promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C]increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D]focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye-catching bonus[D]an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it_____[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph3to present_____[A]a contrasting case.[B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need journals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than f900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than f210m in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers haveresponded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around￡500to S5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs"had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money"partly because______[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_____[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?______[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms_____[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?______[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure“gender parity"on boards and commissions,provide a case in commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California,which last year became the irst state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Govermor Jery Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an"important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,ever where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women.in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without govenment interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a"golden skirt"phenomenon.where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____[A]help lite to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women's position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?____[A]It has irritated private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____[A]the underestimation of elite women's role.[B]the objection to female participation on bards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between Labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____[A]Women's need in employment should be considered[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite States trade representative opening a investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in tum could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia's MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP(significant economic presence)test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work,but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to____[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies'interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Paragraph2that the digital services tax_____[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease intermational trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_____[A]redistribution of tech giants'revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading[C]tech multinationals'monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Paragraph5that the OECO'S current work_____[A]is being resisted by Us companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the best title for this text?____[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says"NO"to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.You’re your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixations are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._________________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes,and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile"can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._________________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during directgaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.__________________________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.“Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.___________________________When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.____________________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ."A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.46.With(the gap between)the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged,leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.47.Before each of their revelations.many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in1543that in actual fact,all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun,a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds wasbranded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.48.Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the17th century.49.As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world.The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged,as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.50.Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase‘sapere aude'or‘dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay“An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment?”It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledge.SectionⅢwritingPart A51.Directions:The student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the pictures below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning.am3)give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)答案完型填空答案及解析：1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。

(NEW)暨南大学外国语学院808外国语言文学综合考试历年考研真题及详解

目　录2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2012年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2013年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2014年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2015年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2016年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2017年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2018年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解SECTION AⅠ. Fill the blanks with proper answers (10%)1. The English sonnet, also known as _____ sonnet, usually has a regular rhyme scheme a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.【答案】Shakespearean【解析】莎士比亚的诗作，改变了彼得拉克的格式，由三段四行和一副对句组成，即按四、四、四、二编排，其押韵格式为“ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG”。

每行诗句有十个抑扬格音节。

2. It was in 1798, with the publication of William Wordsworth’s _____, in collaboration with S.T. Coleridge, that romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.【答案】Lyrical Ballads1798年，华兹华斯与柯勒律治将各自的诗歌合为一册，定【解析】名为《抒情歌谣集》。

3. The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the _____.【答案】dramatic monologue【解析】勃朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。

2021年广东暨南大学翻译硕士英语考研真题

2021年广东暨南大学翻译硕士英语考研真题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes ________ over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. pres umptionD. probability2. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite ________ qualified sources of information and examples.A. manipulatedB. unbiasedC. distortedD. conveyed3. Turning cultivated land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem soil ________ and desertification in the long run.A. erosionB. depletionC. violationD. delusion4. In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parent’s ________ to obtain a license.A. sanctionB. warrantC. malignanceD. affirmation5. The discrepancy in the company accounts is so ________ that no auditor could have failed to notice it.A. spontaneousB. conspicuousC.notorious D. superfluous6. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would ________, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A. prevailB. presideC. perishD. persecute7. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers ________ great significance.A. takes onB. works outC. brings aboutD. gives in8. The book might well have ________ had it been less expensive.A. worked outB. gone throughC. caught onD. fitted in9. I’ll have to ________ this dress a bit before the wedding next week.A. let offB. let goC. let looseD. let out10. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff ________.A. moralB. mortalC. moraleD. mores11. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the ________ between the computer and the human brain.A. profileB. mightyC. analogyD. leakage12. These natural resources will be ________ sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A. depletedB. deployedC. inclinedD. mingled13. It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficultto understand. A. that B. as C.so D. very14. Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome and scientists, as human beings, therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in ________.A. expirationB. explanationC. expertiseD. expenditure15. Stocks are not goods – they merely are ________, exchanging current cash flows from future ones.A. conductsB. conductionC. conduitsD. products16. A product is to be regarded as being ________ when introduced into another country at less than its normal value.A. dischargedB. discardedC. disposedD. dumped17. The government decided to take a ________ action to strengthen the market management.A. diverseB. durableC. epidemicD. drastic18. Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across most of Asia this year, threatening to ________ recent productivity gains.A. reverseB. reserveC. retrieveD. revise19. The students seldom wash their own clothes; ________ they help their parents do some housework.A. rather than doB. much less doC. much more doD. much less20. In linking geographically disparate people, the Internet is arguably helping millions of spontaneous communities to bloom: communities defined by common interests rather than by the accident of ________.A. affluenceB. reciprocityC. contemporarinessD. proximity21. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ________.A. pull backB. pull throughC. pull upD. pull out22. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ________ Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.A. as wasB. than wasC. than didD. as did23. A ________ negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.A. perpetualB. perniciousC. preventiveD. pervasive24. ________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in varying quantities.A. Their botanical classification as berriesB. Although their botanical classification as berriesC. Because berries being their botanical classificationD. Classified botanically as berries25. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style ________ over another before being replaced.A. dominatesB. manipulatesC. overwhelmsD. prevails26. Some of the paintings formerly ________ the Italian Renaissance artist are now thought to have been created by one of his students.A. submitted toB. adapted fromC. denied byD. attributed to27. It is absolutely essential that William ________ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues28. People who suffer from ________, for example, tend to have difficulties gauging facial cues, so their attention is less influenced by where somebody is looking.A. autismB. assertivenessC. extroversionD. sociability29. We’re starting to realize that magicians have a lot of implicit knowledge about how we perceive the world around us because they have to deceive us in terms of controlling attention, exploiting the ________ we make when we do and don’t notice a change in our environment.A. imaginationsB. conceptionsC. perceptionsD. assumptions30. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reid’s ________ about health problems.A. allegianceB. allianceC. allegationsD. alliterationII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are four passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. In SectionB, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions.Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or 1etter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firmsincluding Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.31. According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?A. The appearance of big mass media firms.B. The emergence of advertising in newspapers.C. The popularity of radio and television.D. The increasing number of newspaper readers.32. Which of the following statements best supports “Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6％between 2005 and 2009.B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.C. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.D. More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.33. According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?A. Challenging the traditional media.B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.C. Providing people with access to classified files.D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.34. In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolizes ________.A. the changing characteristics of news audienceB. the more diversified means of news distributionC. the participatory nature of newsD. the more varied sources of news35. The author’s tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is ________.A. optimistic and cautiousB. supportive and skepticalC. doubtful and reservedD. ambiguous and cautiousPassage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are requiredto learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club – Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales – a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe – only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,”is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere – on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”36. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to ________.A. maintain the present status among the nationsB. reduce legislative powers of EnglandC. create a better state of equality among the nationsD. grant more say to all the nations in the union37. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means ________.A. separatistB. traditionalC. feudalD. political38. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT ________.A. people’s desire for devolutionB. powers of the legislative bodyC. status of the national languageD. locals’ turnout for the voting39. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have been allocated by the European Union.C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.40. According to Dyfan Jones, what has changed is ________.A. people’s mentalityB. pop cultureC. town’s appearanceD. possibilities for the peoplePassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enoughof the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.41. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ________.A. search for suspects’ mobile phones without being authorizedB. check suspects’ phone contents without being authorizedC. prevent suspects from deleting their phone contentsD. prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones42. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of ________.A. disapprovalB. neutralityC. toleranceD. cautiousness43. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to ________.A. getting into one’s residenceB. handing one’s historical recordsC. scanning one’s correspondencesD. going through one’s wallet44. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ________.A. principles are hard to be clearly expressedB. the court is giving police less room for actionC. phones are used to store sensitive informationD. citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected45.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that ________.A. the Constitution should be implemented flexiblyB. new technology requires reinterpretation of the ConstitutionC. California’s argument violates principles of the ConstitutionD. Principles of the Constitution should never be alteredPassage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday bemeat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda – to lure us to open our wallets – they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.What we forget – what our economy depends on is forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.46. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intendsto show that ________.A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicB. art grows out of both positive and negative feelingC. poets today are less skeptical of happinessD. artists have changed their focus of interest47. The word “bummer” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.A. religiousB. happyC. entertainingD. unpleasant48. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy artB. is a cause of disappointment for the general peerC. replaces the church as a major source of informationD. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself49. Which of the following is true of the text?A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.C. People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.D. mass media tend to cover disasters and deaths.50. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.A. happiness more often than not ends in sadnessB. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshingC. misery should be enjoyed rather than deniedD. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy boomsSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 5Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.From 2007 to 2010, American households lost $l1 trillion in real estate, savings, and stocks. More than half of all U.S. workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession. The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives – how they live, work and spend – even the way they think about the future.For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander,Wisconsin by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mortgages and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn’t imagine how to stretch her husband’s paycheck to keep her family fed.Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a forum for gardeners, many with an interest in sustainability. “The more I read and discussed these practices, the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health,” she says.Cindy admits that before the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I grew flowers mostly – I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.” But to stretch her budget, she began putting in vegetables and fruit – everything from strawberry beds to apple trees – and as her first seedlings grew, her spirits lifted. She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver; they’re a genuine pleasure. “It’s brought us closer together as a family, too,” she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with the garden work, and the family cooks together instead of eating out. The food tastes better – it’s fresher and organic – and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose: cost cutting. Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries, less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out.After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,”she says. “I feel accomplished, and I’m more confident about attempting things I’ve never done before.” Now she avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit, quilt and make her own soap. “I don’t think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession,” she says. “I have a feeling that from now on, it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better.”51. What can you learn about the impact of the recession from the first paragraph?52. What made the family’s financial situation even worse?53. What did Cindy grow in her garden?54. Why does Cindy view gardening as a genuine pleasure?55. What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through?III. Writing (30%)Directions:In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes related to the following topic. Write your essay onthe Answer Sheet.Actors from the Shanghai Kun Opera Troupe perform The Orphan of Zhao, at the 1st Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Chinese Opera Culture Festival, on Nov 5, 2020. The festival was unveiled on Thursday in the Macao special administrative region. Peking opera, Kun opera, Yu opera and Cantonese opera are all featured at the event, collectively displaying the essence and charm of Chinese theater.How should traditional Chinese culture go global?Please develop your point of view into an essay of about 400-500 words.。

2019年广东暨南大学英语水平考研真题

2019年广东暨南大学英语水平考研真题Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The district _______ was established by the government a few years ago.A. councilB. counselC. consoleD. consul2. Heavy rainfall in the south of England means that flooding is____.A. imminentB. momentousC. transientD. prospective3. Early studies often concluded that the public was ________ the propagandistic influence of mass communications, but one recent study indicates that, on the contrary, mass communications seldom produce marked changes in social attitudes or actions.A. unaware ofB. scornful ofC. susceptible toD. coping with4. This composer has never courted popularity: her rugged modernism seems to defy rather than to ________ the audience.A. ignoreB. discountC. teachD. woo5. ___________, we have to adopt new measures to solve the problem.A. So is the situationB. That being the caseC. That is the caseD. The situation is so6. The school agree to ___ their decision until they had spoken to the young boy’s parents.A. convertB. retainC. deterD. expel7. When a psychologist does a general experiment on the human mind he selects people________ and asks them questions.A. at lengthB. at randomC. in essenceD. in bulk8. She is careful with her money, and spends only a ______ of her earnings.A. fragmentB. sectionC. fragrantD. fraction9. Proposed changes that are not _________ with exiting safety regulations will not be considered.A. dependentB. compliantC. relatingD. supportive10. Please note that customs regulations do not permit the shipment of ______ items.A. perishableB. compatibleC. sustainableD. incredible11. Reporters and photographers alike took great _________at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyanceB. offenceC. resentmentD. irritation12. Advances in food preservation gave consumers in developed countries access to_______all foods grown in distant lands.A. extensivelyB. virtuallyC. artificiallyD. continually13. The music aroused an________feeling of homesickness in him.A. intrinsicB. intentionalC. intermittentD. intense14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education__________.A. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure15. “If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves __________in action later on.”A. paid backB. paid forC. paid upD. paid off16. If you want children to work hard you must ________their interests instead of their sense of duty.A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for17. I really appreciate _______ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself.A. that you offerB. you to offerC. your offeringD. that you are offering18. Heredity accounts for 50% to 60% of a woman’s ________ to alcoholism, about the same as for men.A. devastationB. vulnerabilityC. pharmacyD. fibrosis19. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they didn’t __________ to close examination.A. keep upB. put upC. stand upD. pay up20. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were _________.A. illiterateB. illegibleC. illegitimateD. illegal21. Policeman _______ very busy.A. nearly are alwaysB. always are nearlyC. always nearly areD. are nearly always22. The media once portrayed the governor as anything but ineffective; they now, however, make her out to be the epitome of __________.A. fecklessnessB. brillianceC. dynamismD. egoism23. The girl was sorry to __________ the singers when she arrived at the airport.A. be missedB. being missedC. have been missedD. have missed24. The greatest obstacle to economic and environmental improvements in the developing countries is their __________ foreign debts.A. reminiscentB. degenerativeC. mammothD. ethical25. Materials presenting permanent deformations after the disappearance of the loads are said ______ plastically.A. to have behavedB. behavingC. to behaveD. behavior26. The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as _________.A. possibly little nourishmentB. nourishment possible littleC. little as possible nourishmentD. little nourishment as possible27. Oceans play a major role in climate, often serving to ________ extremes of hot or cold.A. exacerbateB. temperC. concealD. obscure28. _________ is intrinsic to language, but writers should nevertheless strive to be as precise as possible.A. EquivocationB. AmbiguityC. MalapropismD. Innuendo29. The fact that irony is __________ means that the listener (or reader) who “gets it”is able to feel superior to those who do not understand it.A. subtleB. humorousC. situationalD. generic30. All the flights ________because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.A. were canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having been canceledPart II. Proof-reading and Error Correction(10 points)Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word Underline the wrong and write the correct one in the blank provided on the answer sheet.For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided on the answer sheet.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided on the answer sheet.What is the advantage which we may hope to derive a study of the political writers of the past? An earlier view would have provided a simple answer to this question. A work of politics, itwould have been said, is the handbook of an art, the art of governing. Just as a man of superior skill in the art of carpentry may compile a work in which his skill is made available to those who inspire to be good carpenters, so a man of inferior wisdom in the art of politics may set down his knowledge in a book for the construction of those whose business it is to find, govern, or preserve states. If this is what political theory is, there is no difficulty in determining what advantage may be expected from the study of great political works. They will be insulted by those who have to govern states. But this is certainly not the advantage which a modern reader can be compromised from a study of their works. This entire conception of politics as an art and of the political philosopher as the teacher of it rests upon assumptions which it is possible to accept. If it were correct, the writers of political theory would need to be themselves past masters in the art of governing, and statesmen would need to apprentice themselves to them in order to learn their job. But we find that this is not so. Few political philosophers have themselves exhibited any master of the art of governing, and few successful statesmen have owed up their success to the study of political writings.1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________7. ____________8. ____________9. ____________10. ____________Part III. Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage and fill in each bank with a word from the word bank, and change the form where necessary. Do not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.combing intricate heyday churning utilitarian pillars tiers descending paving relaxation irrigation architecturally dotted craters level positioned inhabitants access aquifer passagesDuring the sixth and seventh centuries, the 1 of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in North-western India developed a method of gaining 2 to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and 3 . However, the significance of this invention –the stepwell —goes beyond its 4 application. Unique to this region, stepwells are often 5 complex and vary widely in size and shape. During their 6 , they were places of gathering, of leisure and 7 and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes. Most stepwells are found 8 round the desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are called baori), while a few also survive in Delhi. Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; others were 9 beside roads as resting places for travellers.As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps 10 from ground level to the water source, (normally are underground 11 ) as it recedes following the rains. When the water 12 was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated. Some wells are vast, open 13 with hundreds of steps 14 each sloping side, often in 15 . Others are more elaborate, with long stepped 16 leading to the water via several storeys. Built from stone and supported by 17 , they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat. But perhaps the most impressive features are the 18 decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women 19 their hair or 20 butter.Part IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: In this section, there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values.A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together —honesty, kindness, and so on —accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law —and, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame andembarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities —smaller towns, usually —where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated —they simply are not done!”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.1. What the wise man said suggests that ________.A. it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB. it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC. it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evilD. it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________.A. society is to be held responsibleB. modern civilization is responsible for itC. the criminal himself should bear the blameD. the standards of living should be improved3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.A. less self-disciplineB. better sense of disciplineC. more mutual respectD. less effective government4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________.A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC. today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities5. The key point of the passage is that ________.A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB. more good examples should be set for people to followC. more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behaviorD. more people should accept the value of accountabilityPassage 2It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers”campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern trafficconditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.6. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.A. people’s attitude towards the road-hogB. the rhythm of modern lifeC. the behavior of the driverD. traffic conditions7. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.”(Para. 1) implies that ________.A. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB. rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists8. By “good sense,”the writer means ________.A. the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonablyB. the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC. the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD. the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations9. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.A. road users should make more sacrificeB. drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC. drivers should have more communication among themselvesD. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others10. In the writer’s opinion, ________.A. strict traffic regulations are badly neededB. drivers should apply road politeness properlyC. rude drivers should be punishedD. drivers should avoid traffic jamsPassage 3The idea that the sun has an almost unambiguously benign effect on our planet appears, on the surface, to be an incontrovertible one. Few people realize, however, that certain events on the sun can have disastrous consequences for life here on Earth. The geomagnetic storm is one such phenomenon. These storms begin on the surface of the sun when a group of sunspots creates a burst of electromagnetic radiation. These bursts thrust billions of tons of ionized gas, known as plasma, into space; scientists refer to these solar projections as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). After this initial explosion, the CME gets caught up in a shower of particles, also known as a “solar wind”, that continuously rains down on the Earth from the sun.The last recorded instance of a major CME occurred in 1989, when the resulting geomagnetic storm knocked out an entire electrical power grid, depriving over six million energy consumers of power for an extended period. As we become increasingly dependent on new technologies to sustain ourselves in our day-to-day activities, the potential havoc wrought by a major CME becomes even more distressing. Scientists conjecture that a “perfect storm”would have the potential to knock out power grids across the globe and create disruptions in the orbit of low-altitude communication satellites, rendering such satellites practically useless.What troubles scientists most about these “perfect storms”is not only their potential forinterstellar mischief, but also the fact that they are so difficult to forecast. For one thing, remarkable though these solar occurrences might be, they are still a relatively rare phenomenon, and the few existing records regarding major CMEs provide researchers with scant information from which to draw conclusions about their behavior. Solar storm watchers are frustrated by yet another limitation: time. CMEs have been known to travel through space at speeds approaching 5 million miles per hour, which means that they can cover the 93 million miles between the sun and the Earth in well under 20 hours (Some have been known to travel the same distance in as little as 14 hours.). The difficulties created by this narrow window of opportunity are compounded by the fact that scientists are able to determine the orientation of a CME’s magnetic field only about 30 minutes before it reaches the atmosphere, giving them little or no time to predict the storm’s potential impact on the surface.Some world organizations hope to combat this problem by placing a satellite in orbit around the sun to monitor activity on its surface, in the hope that this will buy scientists more time to predict the occurrence and intensity of geomagnetic storms. In the meantime, many energy providers are responding to the CME threat by installing voltage control equipment and limiting the volume of electricity generated by some power stations.11. The primary purpose of this passage is ________.A. to inform readers about CMEs and their effects on electrical circuitry on EarthB. to persuade readers that CMEs are a problem that both governments and individualcitizens need to combatC. to inform readers about a potentially dangerous phenomenon and the difficulties in addressing that dangerD. to convince readers that cultural dependence on electricity jeopardizes everyone12. Which of the following can most reasonably be inferred about the significant CME that took place in 1989?A. The next geomagnetic storm that occurs will be much worse.B. The window of opportunity for foreseeing similar storms in the future is even smaller now.C. Its effects were limited to knocking out a power grid, depriving customers of power for a week.D. A geomagnetic storm of similar magnitude could easily cause more extensive damage andhardship in today’s society.13. The author uses the term “compounded by”in the penultimate paragraph to ________.A. emphasize the fact that these researchers face even more stringent time limits than thosealready mentionedB. assert that the scientists working to predict CMEs are not given adequate time to do so successfullyC. disprove the notion that the orientation of CMEs affects the length of time available forscientific inquiry into this phenomenonD. caution readers that speculations of energy providers might heighten the uncertainty raisedby CMEs14. Which of the following were mentioned as factors contributing to the difficulty of forecasting CMEs?I. Limited available time in which to determine orientationII. The tendency of voltage controls to be overridden by electrical surgesIII. Insufficient data upon which to base assessments of past behaviorA. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. I and III onlyD. II and III only15. With which of the following statements would be the author of this article be most likely to agree?A. Individuals should join in the fight to protect today’s energy-dependent society from the harm caused by CMEs by raising money to support research.B. In the next decade, a “perfect storm”will interrupt power supplies and cause extensiveinconvenience and loss of services.C. We should learn more about the potential dangers of CMEs, but few steps can be taken toalter such storms’effects.D. Each of us should view a significant CME as a real possibility but should also expect thatleaders will have effective protective measures in place before such an event.Part V. Translation (30 points)Section A. Chinese to English (15 points): Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.连接广东珠海、香港和澳门的全球最长跨海大桥—港珠澳大桥主桥建设工程于本周二全线贯通。

考研真题：广东暨南大学2020年[基础医学综合]考试真题

考研真题：暨南大学2020年[基础医学综合]考试真题一、单项选择题1、下列哪种动物实验属于离体实验:（）A.动脉插管记录动脉血压B.观察刺激减压神经对家兔动脉血压影响C.观察毁损小鼠小脑对小鼠运动功能影响D.采用膜片钳技术记录单个细胞离子通道电流2、下列关于人体体液组成的说法，错误的是：（）A.正常成年人体液量约占体重的60%B.体液的2/3分布于细胞内，称为细胞内液，即机体内环境C.细胞外液中约3/4为组织间液D.血浆为细胞外液3、下列生理过程属于正反馈的是：（）A.排尿B.动脉血压的压力感受反射C.人体体温的调定D.生理状态下人体血糖的维持4、下列物质转运方式属于受体介导性入胞的是：（）A.氧气和二氧化碳等小分子的跨细胞膜扩散B.钾离子的跨膜转运C.葡萄糖的跨膜转运D.运铁蛋白的跨膜转运5、下列选项中不属于第二信使的是:（）A.cAMPB.G蛋白C.三磷酸肌醇D.cGMP6、下列心动周期中哪一期的血液流动方向不是由心房流向心室？（）A.心房收缩期B.快速充盈期C.减慢充盈期D.快速射血期7、心室肌细胞动作电位特征期是：（）A.静息期B.快速复极初期C.平台期D.快速复极末期8、第一心音出现于:（）A.心房收缩期B.等容收缩期C.等容舒张期D.快速射血期9、从家兔耳缘静脉注射去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素，心血管系统会出现：（）A.去甲肾上腺素升高血压，加快心率B.肾上腺素升高血压和减慢心率C.去甲肾上腺素升高血压，减慢心率D.肾上腺素升高血压，但对心率无影响10、下列呼吸环节属于外呼吸的为：（）A.肺换气B.气体在血液中的运输C.组织换气D.细胞内氧化代谢11、肺表面活性物质的最主要成分为：（）A.蛋白质B.DPPCC.SP-AD.SP-B12、肺活量为：（）A.补吸气量+潮气量B.潮气量+补呼气量C.补吸气量+潮气量+补呼气量D.补吸气量+潮气量+补呼气量+余气量13、关于胃液，下列说法错误的是：（）A.胃酸有游离酸和结合酸两种存在形式B.胃酸分泌量与主细胞数目和功能状态密切相关C.消化期胃酸大量分泌同时有大量碳酸氢根离子进入血液，使得血液碱化D.内因子缺乏可导致巨幼红细胞性贫血14、消化道平滑肌对下列哪种刺激不敏感：（）A.电刺激B.机械牵拉D.化学性刺激15、慢波电位起源于：（）A.G细胞B.Cajal间质细胞C.壁细胞D.主细胞16、下列关于兴奋在中枢的扩布特征的描述，错误的是:（）A.有突触延搁B.可发生兴奋节律的改变C.不衰减D.单向扩布17、突触后神经元的动作电位首先产生于下列哪个部位？（）A.胞体B.树突起始处C.轴突起始处D.轴突分支处18、脊髓前角γ-运动神经元的功能主要是:（）A.抑制α-运动神经元的活动B.直接兴奋α-运动神经元C.提高肌梭的敏感性D.发动肌牵张反射19、交感神经节后纤维的递质是：（）A.去甲肾上腺素C.肾上腺素D.乙酰胆碱20、传入侧支性抑制的形成是由于：（）A.突触前膜的预先去极化B.兴奋性神经递质释放量减少C.兴奋性神经递质破坏过多D.抑制性中间神经元兴奋21、下列不属于丘脑特异投射系统特点的是:（）A．投射到大脑皮层的特定区域B.引起特定的感觉C．维持大脑皮层的兴奋状态D.激发大脑皮层发出传出神经冲动22、下列说法错误的是:（）A.肾上腺皮质主要参与“应激反应”B.肾上腺髓质主要参与“应激反应”C.肾上腺皮质和肾上腺髓质在紧急情况下相互配合，共同作用D.肾上腺素是由去甲肾上腺素甲基化后生成的23、碘缺乏一般不会引起：（）A.克汀病B.单纯性甲状腺肿C.甲状腺结节D.突眼症24、关于糖皮质激素生理作用的错误论述是:（）A.可抑制胰岛素分泌B.对儿茶酚胺有允许作用C.调节机体免疫D.分泌过多可导致机体脂肪重新分泌25、下列哪项激素不是由下丘脑产生的:（）A.卵泡刺激素B.血管加压素C.催产素D.生长抑素26、下列哪种激素贮存量最大？（）A．生长素B.甲状腺激素C.肾上腺素D.醛固酮27、视网膜中央凹的视敏最高，其原因是:（）A.视锥细胞多而直径最小，呈聚合式联系B.视锥细胞多而直径最小，呈单线联系C.视杆细胞多而集中，呈单线式联系D.视杆细胞多而集中，呈集合式联系28、肾小球旁器不包括:（）A．颗粒细胞B．系膜细胞C．致密斑D．内皮样细胞29、远曲小管和集合管对水的重吸收主要受下列哪种激素调节:（）A．血管紧张素B．抗利尿激素C．醛固酮D．肾上腺素30、与肾小球滤过率无关的因素是:（）A．滤过膜的通透性B．滤过膜的面积C．有效滤过压D．肾髓质渗透压梯度31、下列有关组成蛋白质的氨基酸的叙述，错误的是：（）A.都是L-α-氨基酸B.氨基酸在其等电点处的净电荷为零C.谷氨酸、天冬氨酸都属于酸性氨基酸D.酪氨酸侧链含有羟基32、维持蛋白质一级结构的主要作用力是：（）A.氢键B.疏水相互作用C.肽键D.二硫键33、有关蛋白质变性的描述正确的是：（）A.蛋白质变性一定沉淀B.蛋白质沉淀一定变性C.蛋白质凝固一定变性D.盐析沉淀蛋白质导致蛋白质变性34、DNA双螺旋结构的横向稳定力量是：（）A.互补碱基对间的氢键B.磷酸二酯键C.糖苷键D.离子键35、下面有关RNA的叙述中，错误的是：（）A.通常是单链分子B.真核生物mRNA的5’端有多聚腺苷酸C.rRNA参与组成合成蛋白质的场所D.tRNA的三级结构呈“L”型36、下列有关DNA变性的描述，错误的是：（）A.DNA双链解成单链B.互补碱基对间的氢键断裂C.磷酸二酯键断裂D.DNA的空间结构被破坏37、磺胺类药物抑菌的机制属于对酶的：（）A.竞争性抑制作用B.非竞争性抑制作用C.反竞争性抑制作用D.不可逆抑制作用38、酶原无活性是因为：（）A.酶蛋白肽链未完全合成B.有抑制蛋白存在C.酶原缺乏辅助因子D.活性中心未完全形成或未暴露39.下列哪种酶是糖酵解的关键酶：（）A.磷酸果糖激酶-1B.丙酮酸羧化酶C.丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体D.葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶40、下列有关磷酸戊糖途径的描述，错误的是：（）A.关键酶是6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶B.产生NADHC.在细胞质中进行D.可为核酸合成提供核糖41、脂肪酸β-氧化先后经历：（）A.加水-脱氢-再脱氢-硫解B．加水-脱氢-硫解-再脱氢C.脱氢---硫解---加水---再脱氢D.脱氢---加水---再脱氢---硫解42、酮体不包括下列哪种物质:（）A.丙酮B.β-羟丁酸C.乙酰乙酰CoAD.乙酰乙酸43、转运内源性甘油三酯的脂蛋白是：（）A.CMB.VLDLC.LDLD.HDL44、有关胆固醇代谢描述错误的是?（）A.胆固醇可以转化为维生素EB.胆固醇可以转化为类固醇激素C.胆固醇可以转化为胆汁酸D.胆固醇合成的关键酶是HMG-CoA还原酶45、下列哪种物质抑制电子从Cytaa3传给O2?（）A.鱼藤酮B.抗霉素AC.COD.2,4-二硝基苯酚46、转氨酶的辅酶是：（）A．维生素B1的磷酸酯B.维生素B2的磷酸酯C.维生素B12的磷酸酯D.维生素B6的磷酸酯E.维生素pp的磷酸酯47、肾脏分泌的氨是血氨的来源之一，其中的氨来自：（）A．尿素的水解B.Gln的分解C.Gly的脱氨基作用D.葡萄糖－丙氨酸循环E.胺类物质的分解48、静脉输入谷氨酸用于治疗：（）A．白血病B.高血钾C.再生障碍性贫血D.高血氨E.高血糖49、嘌呤核苷酸从头合成途径首先合成的是：（）A．XMPB.IMPC.GMPD.AMPE.CMP50、在胞浆进行的代谢途径是:（）A.糖异生B.脂酸的β-氧化C.氧化磷酸化D.糖酵解51、DNA复制需多种酶参与：①DNA聚合酶Ⅲ，②解链蛋白，③DNA聚合酶Ⅰ，④引物酶，⑤DNA连接酶。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：83

2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Jane buys all the fashion magazines, and she always tries to dress in（）with the latest style.问题1选项A.confirmationB.conformityC.variationD.proposal【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项confirmation“确认，证实”；B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”；C选项variation“变化”；D选项proposal“提议，建议，求婚”。

句意：简买了所有的时尚杂志，她总是试图与最新的风格一样。

本句表示，Jane喜欢时尚，总是紧跟时代潮流，那她穿的衣服应该是跟最新款式风格一致的，in conformity with“与……一致，符合……”，B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”意思正确。

因此B选项符合题意。

2.填空题Your Smartphone May Be Hurting Your SleepA) You love your smartphone, but it may be ruining your ZZZ’s. Use of these devices, especially near bedtime, is associated with worse quality of sleep, according to a new study. “When we looked at smartphone use around t he time when participants reported they went to bed, more smartphone use around that time in particular was associated with a longer time to fall asleep and worse sleep quality during the night,” said Dr. Gregory Marcus, author of the study and an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One. B) The word “crack-berry” became popular roughly a decade ago to describe the addictive quality of BlackBerry devices—arguably the first really successful smartphones. Today, almost everyone is a smartphone junkie, standing with head bowed while waiting for a train or in line at the post office.C) Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related. To answer this question, he used exiting information collected by an Internet-based study he started in March 2016.D) “Health E-Heart,” which was funded by the Nation al Institutes of Health is designed to study cardiovascular health. Anyone 18 years of age or older can enroll in Health E-Heart, co-founded by Drs. Mark Pletcher and Jeffrey Olgin, professors at UCSF. After signing a consent form, enrolled participants self-report their health data via a series of online questionnaires. The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.E) About 80,000 participants have enrolled in Health E-Heart, Marcus said. “We’ve had people from every state in the US, lots of people from every state, and we actually have people from 50 countries.” Marcus and his co-founders also make the data available to other scientists conducting unrelated studies. For the new smartphone study, Marcus made use of this wealth of information to conduct his own “sub-study”.F) Of the total Health E-Heart enrollees, 653 people chose to participate in and complete the new smartphone-sleep study. Participants installed an app on their phones to automatically record the total number of minutes in each hour the screen was turned on (total screen time) during a 30-day period. These participants had already reported their sleep hours and sleep quality using a validated questionnaire as part of the general Health E-Heart experience, Marcus explained. So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues. By answering so many questions, participants were unaware of what the researchers were studying, explained Marcus: “We wouldn’t expect any bias.”G) Analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that, on average, participants used their smartphones for a total of 38.4 hours over a 30-day period. Individuals with a longer average screen time were more likely to have poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall: About 35% of those who used their smartphones for shorter amounts of time than average had sleep difficulties, compared with 42% of those with average or greater than average use. And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime.H) The researchers discovered that screen-time varies throughout a 24-hour period, but most occurs during the day. Yet for some participants, smartphone use peaked during the night. “We can’t exclude the possibility that some people can’t sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they can’t sleep, they’re using their smartphone, just to pass the time,” Marcus said.I) Despite potential shortcomings, Marcus research is in line with other studies showing that the use of technology near bedtime is associated with difficulty sleeping, such as the 2015 National Sleep Foundation poll. Other research has shown that the blue light emitted by smartphones (and other digital devices) might suppress our body’s production of melatonin, a hormone that induces tiredness and contributes to the timing of sleep-wake cycles. “So there’s some biological plausibility supporting the idea that there is a causal relationship, but we weren’t able to identify that,” Marcus noted.J) “It is believed that sleep is a restorative process and a basic biologic need,” said Dr. Neil Kline, a sleep physician, internist and representative of the American Sleep Association. “When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail. Not only does our performance, memory and attention span suffer, our immune system and endocrine system is also impaired.”K) Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, children’s sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study. Lead author Ben Carter, a senior lecturer in biostatistics at King’s College London, and his colleagues discovered that for teens and children, the use of cell phones, tablets and computers is associated with losing sleep time and sleep quality.L) Marcus said he suspects that some people may be affected more than others and overuse of a smartphone impacts their sleep more than it would for other people. He hopes to investigate this question in the future. Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber. He added, “There’s almost certainly no harm in giving that a good try.”11. Our addiction to smartphones dates back to about ten years ago._________12. Data from Health E-Heart are collected and used for researchers into heart diseases._________13. The findings of Dr. Marcus’s study appeared in PLOS One. _________14. Bad sleepers are advised not to use their smartphones half an hour or so before they go to bed. _________15. Marcus started his research because he suspected there might be some correlation between sleep loss and smartphone use. _________16. The use of digital devices affects children’s sleep too._________17. To make sure his study was objective, Marcus required his subjects to provide many more of their life details than just sleep hours and sleep quality._________18. Researchers found those who spend longer time playing with their smartphones are more likely to sleep badly._________ 19. Marcus conceded that some people were sleepless at night for reasons unrelated to mobile phone use._________20. Sleep is our basic biological need and lack of it may cause our body functions to decline. _________【答案】11.B12.D13.A14.L15.C16.K17.F18.G19.H20.J【解析】11.主旨大意题。

2020考研英语真题试卷

最新文档 2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）

Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling. __3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this. You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there. __12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem. If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills. Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.

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2020年广东暨南大学英语水平考试考研真题学科、专业名称：外国语言文学研究方向：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试考试科目代码：706考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. He made ______ alterations to his house and then sold it at a huge profit.A. offensiveB. horribleC. radicalD. patient2. After the accident, the nerves to her arm were damaged and so the muscles ____ through disuse.A. atrophiedB. contractedC. elongatedD. invigorated3. Experts have _____ with some effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading.A. caught upB. put upC. come upD. kept up4.Many animals display______ instincts only while their offspring are yo ung and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal5. He seemed to be a very important person __________.A. the way through which he walkedB. in the way how he walkedC. in the way he would walkD. the way he walked6. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by theuniversity to take in _____.A. residentsB. inhabitantsC. lodgersD. settlers7. _____ the popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicitythat only a genius can create.A. Subject toB. Contrary toC. Familiar toD. Similar to8. The drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being _____ as the real stuff.A. passed outB. passed byC. passed overD. passed off9. It is said that the math teacher seems _____ towards bright students.A. liableB. partialC. beneficialD. preferable10. Cathedrals usually take decades, even centuries, to complete; thus no oneexpected the National Cathedral to be built with________.A. dispatchB. presumptionC. durabilityD. deliberation11. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn’t work.A. fall onB. fall down onC. fall back onD. fall in upon12. Many people at that time believed that spices help preserve food; however, Hallfound that many marketed spices were ____ bacteria, molds and yeasts.A. devoid ofB. teeming withC. improved byD. destroyed by13. A painter’s ability to render a likeness is both_______ and acquired; the artistblends natural abilities with worldly experience in the creation of his or her art.A. anticipatedB. overtC. aestheticD. innate14. Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harshwinter would have had___________ consequences for them.A. preventiveB. regressiveC. catastrophicD. unforeseen15. The football match was _____ because of the heavy rain.A. called overB. called upC. called outD. called off16. Rodolfo Gonzales was once described as ________ in body and mind because of theflexibility and grace apparent in both his boxing and his writing of poetry and plays.A. unyieldingB. tremulousC. emphaticD. lithe17. A _______ is a grill on which meat, fish and other foods are cooked over hotcharcoal, usually outdoors.A. duetB. fagC. tonicD. barbecue18.The______ warned the sleeping troops that the enemy was creeping near .A. pickpocketB. picketC. pikeD. pickup19. Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase means______.A. unexpectedlyB. unhappilyC. untidilyD. unofficially20. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and _____.A. conduciveB. wholesomeC. helpfulD. appreciative21. On the conference, representatives from different countries _____ different viewpointson this international issue.A. put outB. put offC. put forthD. put down22. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will______ you.A. scaleB. scaldC. shunD. shunt23. ____ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A. Making upB. Doing upC. Putting upD. Sizing up24. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.A. admiredB. regardedC. expectedD. worshipped25. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it.A. hold upB. keep onC. hold onD. keep up26. Suppose your father _______ you, what ___________?A. sees…should he sayB. should see…will he have saidC. had seen…will he sayD. saw…would he say27. Ecology, like economics, concerns itself with the movement of valuable ________through a complex network of producers and consumers.A. commoditiesB. dividendsC. nutrientsD. artifacts28. ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinnerparty.A. Had they arrivedB. Could they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive29. Their daughter often turns a deaf ear to their inquiries, so they sometimes have to ______answers from her.A. distillB. exchangeC. squeezeD. exit30. ____ by nature, Jones spoke very little even to his own family members.A. GarrulousB. EquivocalC. TaciturnD. ArrogantPart II. Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The 1 of the division of labour, in the general business of society, willbe more easily understood by considering in what manner it operates in some particular manufactures. It is commonly supposed to be carried furthest in some very 2 ones; not perhaps that it really is carried further in them than in othersof more 3 : but in those manufactures which are destined to supply the small 4 of but a small number of people, the whole number of workmen must necessarilybe 5 ; and those employed in every different branch of the work can often be collected into the 6 workhouse, and placed at once under the view of the 7 . In those great manufactures, 8 , which are destined to satisfy the great body of the people, every different branch of the work employs 9 a number of workmen that we can seldom see more, 10 , than those employed inone 11 branch. 12 in such manufactures, therefore, the work may really be divided into a much greater number of parts, the division is not near so 13 , and has accordingly been much less observed.To take an example, therefore, from a manufacture in which the division of labourhas been very often taken 14 of, the trade of the pin-maker; a workman not educated to this business (which the division of labour has 15 a distinct trade), nor acquainted with the use of the machinery employed in it (to the 16 of which the same division of labour has probably given occasion), could 17 ,perhaps, with his utmost 18 , make one pin in a day, and certainly could not make twenty. But in the way in which this business is now carried on, not only the whole work is a 19 trade, but it is divided into a number of branches. I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed, and where they could, when they 20 themselves, make among them about twelve pounds of pins in a day.1. A. causes B. background C. effects D. principles2. A. important B. great C. trifling D. worthless3. A. influence B. importance C. production D. labour4. A. business B. products C. wants D. necessities5. A. large B. enough C. excess D. small6. A. same B. small C. separate D. different7. A. audience B. spectator C. workman D. employer8. A. by and large B. in addition C. on the contrary D. so to speak9. A. so great B. so small C. such great D. such small10.A. at the time B. at any time C. at one time D. at times11.A. single B. different C. particular D. important12.A. If B. While C. Though D. As13.A. complete B. fair C. obvious D. obscure14.A. care B. notice C. control D. attention15.A. rendered B. displayed C. yielded D. caused16.A. usage B. application C. invention D. inception17.A. likely B. easily C. scarce D. often18.A. intelligence B. craft C. ability D. industry19.A. peculiar B. trivial C. great D. important20.A. applied B. pushed C. tried D. exertedPart III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:In this section, there are three passages followed by questions orunfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, particularly the southern states of the United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the labor of slaves, most of whom came from Africa. Slaves had no rights or freedoms because they were thought of as property. From the time of its origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist movement began in the 1600s when the Quakers in Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral grounds and wanted to abolish the institution.In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and declared that any escaped slaves who came to Canada would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states; however, slaves captured there by slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada refused to return runaway slaves or to allow American slave hunters into the country. It is estimated that more than 30, 000 runaway salves immigrated into Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region between 1830 and 1865.The American antislavery movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800s, when abolitionists developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system whereby runaway slaves were passed from safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada. The term was first used in the 1830s and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took passage on it disappeared from public view as if they had really gone to ground.” Because the Underground Railroad was so secret, few records exist that would reveal the true number of people who traveled on it to freedom. The most active routes on the railroad were in Ohio, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania.Runaway slaves usually travel alone or in small groups. Most were young menbetween the ages of 16 and 35. The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in steamers and on rafts. They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each night, using the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. Boys disguised themselves as girls, and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral procession from Kentucky to Ohio.The “railroad” developed its own language. The “trains” were the large farm wagons that could conceal and carry a number of people. The ‘tracks” were the backcountry roads that were used to elude the slave hunters. The “stations” were the homes and hiding places where the slaves were fed and cared for as they moved north. The “agents” were the people who planned the escape routes. The “conductors”were the fearless men and women who led the slaves toward freedom. The “passengers”were the slaves who dared to run away and break for liberty. Passengers paid no fare and conductors received no pay.The most daring conductor was Harriet Tubman, a former slave who dedicated her life to helping other runaways. Tubman made 19 trips into the South to guide 300 relatives, friends, and strangers to freedom. She was wanted dead or alive in the South, but she was never captured and never lost a passenger. A determined worker, she carried a gun for protection and a supply of drugs to quiet the crying babies in her rescue parties.A number of white people joined the effort, including Indiana banker Levi Coffin and his wife Catherine, who hid runaways in their home, a “station” conveniently located on three main escape routes to Canada. People could be hidden there for several weeks, recovering their strength and waiting until it was safe to continue on their journey. Levi Coffin was called the “president of the Underground Railroad”because he helped as many as 3 000 slaves to escape.The people who worked on the railroad were breaking the law. Although the escape network was never as successful or as well organized as Southerners thought, the few thousand slaves who made their way to freedom in this way each year had a symbolic significance out of proportion to their actual numbers. The Underground Railroadcontinued operating until slavery in the United States was finally abolished in 1865.1. Why did thousands of runaway slaves immigrate to Canada?A. They preferred the climate of the Great Lakes region.B. Working conditions for slaves were better in Canada.C. Canada had no laws restricting immigration.D. Former slaves could live as free citizens in Canada.2. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in paragraph 3?A. The Underground Railroad kept secret records in which all of the passengers and tripswere documented.B. Few people understood why the Underground Railroad would not reveal how many peoplechose to travel in this way.C. The Underground Railroad’s records were not accurate, so the true number of travelers isdifficult to estimate.D. We do not know exactly how many slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad becauseit was a secret organization.3. The author discusses the language of the Underground Railroad in paragraph 5 in order toA. trace the history of American English words.B. illustrate the secret nature of the escape network.C. point out that some words have more than one meaning.D. compare the Underground Railroad to other railways.4. Which of the following statements is true about the passengers on the Underground Railroad?A. Their destination was in the northern states or Canada.B. They were not allowed to make stops during the journey.C. Their babies were disguised to look like baggage.D. They paid the conductors at the end of the journey.5. It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that the author most likely believes which of the followingabout the Underground Railroad?A. The people who worked on the railroad should have been arrested.B. The railroad was unsuccessful because it could not help every slave.C. Southerners did not know about the railroad until after it closed.D. The railroad represented a symbolic victory for abolitionists.Passage 2At the present time, 98 percent of the world energy consumption comes from stored sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel. Only hydroelectric and wood energy represent completely renewable sources on ordinary time scales. Discovery of large additional fossil fuel reserves, solution of the nuclear safety and waste disposal problems, or the development of controlled thermonuclear fusion will provide only a short-term solution to the world’s energy crisis. Within about 100 years, the thermal pollution resulting from our increased energy consumption will make solar energy a necessity at any cost.Man’s energy consumption is currently about one part in ten thousand that of the energy we receive from the sun. However, it is growing at a 5 percent rate, of which about 2 percent represents a population growth and 3 percent a per capita energy increase. If this growth continues, within 100 years our energy consumption will be about 1 percent of the absorbed solar energy, enough to increase the average temperature of the earth by about one degree centigrade if stored energy continues to be our predominant source. This will be the point at which there will be significant effects on our climate, including the melting of the polar ice caps, a phenomenon which will raise the level of the oceans and flood parts of our major cities. There is positive feedback associated with this process, since the polarice cap contributes to the partial reflectivity of the energy arriving from the sun: As the ice caps begin to melt, the reflectivity will decrease, thus heating the earth still further.It is often stated that the growth rate will decline or that energy conservation measures will preclude any long-range problem. Instead, this only postpones the problem by a few years. Conservation by a factor or two together with a maintenance of the 5 percent growth rate delays the problem by only 14 years. Reduction of the growth rate to 4 percent postpones the problem by only 25 years; in addition, the inequities in standards of living throughout the world will provide pressure toward an increase in growth rate, particularly if cheap energy is available. The problem of a changing climate will not be evident until perhaps ten years before it becomes critical due to the nature of an exponential growth rate together with the normal annual weather variations. This may be too short a period to circumvent the problem by converting to other energy sources, so advance planning is a necessity.The only practical means of avoiding the problem of thermal pollution appears to be the use of solar energy. Using the solar energy before it is dissipated to heat does not increase the earth’s energy balance. The cost of solar energy is extremely favorable now, particularly when compared to the cost of relocating many of our major cities.6. All of the following are factors which will tend to increase thermal pollution EXCEPTA. the earth’s increasing population.B. increase in per capita energy consumption.C. expected anomalies in weather patterns.D. melting of the polar ice caps.7. The positive feedback mentioned in paragraph 2 means that the melting of the polar ice capswillA. reduce per capital energy consumption.B. accelerate the transition to solar energy.C. intensify the effects of thermal pollution.D. necessitates a shift to alternative energy sources.8. The possibility of energy conservation is mentioned in order toA. refute a possible objection to the author’s position.B. support directly the central idea of the text.C. prove that such measures are ineffective.D. supply the reader with additional background information.9. Which of the following would be the most logical topic for the author to address in a succeedingparagraph?A. The problems of nuclear energy and waste disposal.B. The availability and cost of solar energy technology.C. The practical effects of flooding of coastal cities.D. A history of the development of solar energy.10. The tone of the text is best described as one ofA. optimism.B. indignation.C. suspicion.D. pessimism.Passage 3Democritus was fascinated by the question of what principle underlay the material universe and developed a solution that revealed the brilliance of his thought. Every material thing, he believed, is made up of a finite number of discrete particles, or atoms, as he called them, whose joining together and subsequent separation account for the coming to be of things and for their passing away. The atoms themselves, he said, are infinite in number and eternal. They move, according to a necessary motion, in the void, which we would call space.Most of the main tenets of the atomism of Democritus were astonishingly modern.First, the atoms were invisibly small. They were all of the same stuff, or nature, but they came in a multitude of different shapes and sizes. Though impermeable (Democritus did not know that atoms could be split), they acted upon one another, aggregating and clinging to one another so as to produce the great variety of bodies that we see. The space outside the atoms was empty, a concept that most of Democritus’s contemporaries could not accept.Second, the atoms are in perpetual motion, in every direction, throughout empty space. There is no above or below, before or behind, in empty space, said Democritus. In modern terms, empty space did not vary according to direction. This was an extremely sophisticated notion.Third, the continual motion of the atoms was inherent. They possessed what we would call inertial mass. The notion that the atoms kept on moving without being pushed, besides being another remarkable intellectual concept, was not acceptable to Aristotle and others. Only the celestial bodies, Aristotle thought, kept on moving of and by themselves, because they were divine. The general refusal by Aristotle and his influential followers to accept the law of inertia stood as an obstacle to development of physics for two thousand years.Fourth, weight or gravity was not a property of atoms or indeed of aggregates thereof. Here Democritus was as wrong as wrong could be.Whether Democritus was right or wrong about a fifth point is not definitely decided to this day. He held that the soul is breath and because breath is material, and therefore made up of atoms, so must the soul be. He maintained that, because the soul is a physical thing, it must be determined by physical laws; it cannot be free. Even the hardy thinkers who claim to accept this theory do not act as if they do. They may deny the innate freedom of others, but they act as if they believe in their own.The tension built up by this antinomy has proved to be fruitful over the centuries. However, the notion that the soul was material proved so unacceptable to both the Aristotelians and the Christians that for nearly two millennia the atomic hypothesis languished.11. According to Democritus, empty space ________.A. is directionless with regard to the movement of atomsB. is an erroneous notion concerning atomsC. possesses inertial massD. is an illusion when viewed at the atomic level12. The author discusses the beliefs of Aristotle and his followers in order to________.A. show the history that led up to the development of the theory of atomism.B. note that influential individuals delayed the acceptance of scientific truthC. highlight the accuracy of certain parts of Democritus’s theoryD. add an element of philosophy into an otherwise scientific discussion13. It can be inferred from Democritus’s inclusion of the soul in his theories of the materialuniverse that ________.A. philosophy, religion, and science were not always thought of as separate fieldsB. scientists were often unsuccessful in making philosophical theoriesC. he was attempting to align his thinking with that of AristotleD. while his initial theories were accurate, his later theories were proven wrong14. Democritus would most likely believe that which of the following would explain the lifecycle of a flower?A. The constant motion of atoms produces the illusion of a flower.B. The splitting of atoms leads to the creation of new cells which form the flower.C. The same material that composes the soul also breathes life into plants.D. Atoms come together as the flower grows and disperse as it dies.15. Which is most analogous to a “hardy thinker’s” view of the soul?A. A politician’s practice of using public transportation because that is how everyone in hiscity travels.B. A doctor’s recommendation that his patient quit smoking to improve the patient’s healthwhile the doctor smokes a pack a day.C. A mother taking her daughter to ballet practice every day because the mother never hadthat opportunity as a child.D. A teacher showing all his students the proper way to do a math problem and then doingnothing while the students solve a set of problems.Part IV. Translation (40 points)Section A. Chinese to English (20 points): Translate the following into English.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.白先勇（Pai Hsien-yung）毕业于爱荷华大学著名的“作家工作坊”，想必也曾吸取了詹姆斯、乔伊斯、福克纳和菲茨杰拉德等大家的写作经验。