高考英语句子成分分析

Part1英语句子成分

一、词类

英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very,

here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.

二、句子成分

1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：

The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)

We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词)

One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词)

The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)

It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式)

Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)

【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

练一练：指出下例句中主语的中心词。

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary.

情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor.

助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.

【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

练一练：选出句中谓语的中心词。

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

② The days get longer a nd longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus

A. Do

B. usually D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C. do

D. his homework

⑦ What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C. you

D. is

⑧ We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C. send

D. doctor

3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：

They are workers.(名词)

Two and three is five.(数词)

The story is very interesting.(形容词)

M y job is teaching English.(动名词)

She is at home.(介词短语)

I feel terrible.(形容词)

The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)

He is here (副词)

It’s getting dark. / He got ve ry angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词)

Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）

表保持（keep, stay）

系动词表改变（get， become， turn）

感官动词（feel，sound，seem/look，taste，smell）

练一练：挑出下列句中的表语。