英语三大从句知识总结

英语三大从句

主语从句用作主语，如：：

That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。

宾语从句用作宾语。如：

Do you know where he lives?

表语从句用作表语，如：

My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。

同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact）

定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

状语从句相当于一个副词，如：

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：

I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very mucy. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，very much是状语。

名词性从句

名词性从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：

宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.

主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.

表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.

同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.

下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：

1．whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether

可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：

（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但

It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).

（2）引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.

（3）引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.

（4）介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。

例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.

3．在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋

that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。

例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.

It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.

4．在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.

例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.

5．名词从句中that,what用法比较：

引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the thing(s) that.

例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised

by the factory.

I know that he will study.

I know what he will study.

That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.

What he works hard at is known to us all.

All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he

used to be.他和以前大不相同了。

6．where在名词从句中的使用特点：

where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：

主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.

宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?

表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.

同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?

7．无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：

I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.

当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：

What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.

Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.

形容词性从句

定语从句

一、定语从句与引导词

定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，

而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。

懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。

1．关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose 作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：

The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定

语从句中作宾语，可省略)

I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)

A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which

或that代物，在定从中作主语)

2．关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)