药理学英文课件 (1)
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阿托品atropine——药理学英文课件03%26%2346%3BIntroductionAChatropine
(1)Biosynthesis
choline + acetyl coenzymeA
tyrosine
TH
choline Ach acetylase
DA
DH
dopa
DD
NA
(2) Storage
Ach NA
+ATP+protein store in vesicles
(3)release
exocytosis quantal realease cotransmission
Chapter 5 Intrduction to Pharmacology of Efferent Nervous System
Zhang Bin Institute of Pharmacology School of Medicine Shandong University
Organization of Nervous s system (ENS)
autonomic nervous system (vegetative nervous system) somatic motor nervous system
Efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system
2.Biosynthesis, storage, release and termination of neurotransmitters
Ach (acetylcholine) NA (noradrenaline)
inhibitor
2.Biosynthesis, storage, release and termination of neurotransmitters
choline + acetyl coenzymeA
tyrosine
TH
choline Ach acetylase
DA
DH
dopa
DD
NA
(2) Storage
Ach NA
+ATP+protein store in vesicles
(3)release
exocytosis quantal realease cotransmission
Chapter 5 Intrduction to Pharmacology of Efferent Nervous System
Zhang Bin Institute of Pharmacology School of Medicine Shandong University
Organization of Nervous s system (ENS)
autonomic nervous system (vegetative nervous system) somatic motor nervous system
Efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system
2.Biosynthesis, storage, release and termination of neurotransmitters
Ach (acetylcholine) NA (noradrenaline)
inhibitor
2.Biosynthesis, storage, release and termination of neurotransmitters
药理学Pharmacology.ppt
第四十二章 抗结核病药及抗麻风病
ＴＨＥ ＥＮＤ THANK YOU
2019/10/23
上海医药高等专科学校
25
Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences
2019/10/23
上海医药高等专科学校
20
Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences
第二节 抗麻风病药
氨苯砜
氨苯砜—为首选药 机制：抑制二氢叶酸合成酶（同磺胺） 皮肤病变部位浓度远高于正常部位 消除缓慢 蓄积抑菌 疗程长，一般长于2年 单用易产生耐药性，与利福平合用可延缓耐 药性的产生。
一线结核病药： 通常把疗效高、不良反应较少、病人较 易耐受的药物。 包括异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、链 霉素、吡嗪酰胺等。
二线结核病药：
通常将毒性较大、疗效较差，主要用于
2019/10/23
对一线抗结核病药产生耐药性或与一线结 上 海 医 药 高 等 专 科 学 校
4
Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences
药理学 Pharmacology
药理教研室
上海医药高等专科学校
1
Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences
第四十二章 抗结核病药及抗麻风病
2019/10/23
上海医药高等专科学校
2
Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences
第四十二章 抗结核病药及抗麻风病
[不良反应及用药监护]
②C.N.S
一般剂量：偶有失眠、头昏、轻度精神兴奋，可逐 渐消失
大剂量（>500 mg/d，或慢乙酰化型）可致精神失 常（VitB6↓→ GABA↓）：如兴奋、神经错乱、惊 厥等，故癫痫、精神病史、嗜酒者慎用
药学英语药学英语1
❖ 这样，从关注药物疗效的临床医师的观点来看，药物作用的 选择性便是其最重要特点之一。
❖ 药物的活性和疗效与疾病诸方面一一生理、生化、微生物免 疫和行为一一的联系理所当然地成为药物治疗的基础。
❖ Pharmacodynamics provides one of the best opportunities for this correlation during the study of both the preclinical and the clinical medical sciences.
❖ Pharmacotherapeutics deals with the use of drugs in the prevention and treatment of disease.
❖ Many drugs stimulate or depress biochemical or physiological function in man in a sufficiently reproducible manner to provide relief of symptoms or, ideally, to alter favorably the course of disease.
❖ Drug therapy is rationally based upon the correlation of the actions and effects of drugs with the physiological, biochemical, microbiological, immunological, and behavioral aspects of disease.
❖ 相反，化疗药物的治病功能是因为其对人体作用很小但 却能杀死或清除寄生生物。一种药物是否可以用于治疗 ，关键取决于其能否产生预期的治疗效果，同时其副作 用在可容忍的范围内。
❖ 药物的活性和疗效与疾病诸方面一一生理、生化、微生物免 疫和行为一一的联系理所当然地成为药物治疗的基础。
❖ Pharmacodynamics provides one of the best opportunities for this correlation during the study of both the preclinical and the clinical medical sciences.
❖ Pharmacotherapeutics deals with the use of drugs in the prevention and treatment of disease.
❖ Many drugs stimulate or depress biochemical or physiological function in man in a sufficiently reproducible manner to provide relief of symptoms or, ideally, to alter favorably the course of disease.
❖ Drug therapy is rationally based upon the correlation of the actions and effects of drugs with the physiological, biochemical, microbiological, immunological, and behavioral aspects of disease.
❖ 相反，化疗药物的治病功能是因为其对人体作用很小但 却能杀死或清除寄生生物。一种药物是否可以用于治疗 ，关键取决于其能否产生预期的治疗效果，同时其副作 用在可容忍的范围内。
临床药理学全套课件p
药物的体内过程
3. 临床药动学研究
—遗传药理学
• 遗传药理学（pharmacogenetics）是
研究DNA序列个体变异引起的药物反应异常， 包括临床药动学和药效学两个方面。
• 研究各种基因突变与药效及安全性之间的
关系。
• 用于特定患者亚群体：提高疗效、降低不
良反应。
3. 临床药动学研究
—时间药动学
• 时间药动学（chronopharmacokinetics）
2. 受体学说
占领学说 备用受体学说（修正占领学说） 速率学说 变构学说（又称二态模型学说）
3.作用于受体的药物分类
不同剂量的竞争性和非竞争性阻断药、激动药及部分激动药相互作用的量效关系 A：竞争性阻断药对激动药量效曲线的影响（虚线为激动药量效曲线） B：非竞争性阻断药对激动药量效曲线的影响（虚线为激动药量效曲线） C：激动药对部分激动药量效曲线的影响（虚线为部分激动药量效曲线） D：部分激动药对激动药量效曲线的影响（虚线为激动药量效曲线）
• 药物相互作用（drug interaction）
是指同时使用两种或两种以上的药物时， 所引起的药物作用和效应的变化。
• 包括药动学和药效学两个方面。
6. 教学与培训
• 全国医学院校普遍开设临床药理学 • 全国建立临床药理培训中心（5个）
7. 咨询服务
• 合理用药 • 新药开发 • 医疗纠纷 • 法医鉴定
• II期临床试验 治疗作用的初步评价阶段。 • III期临床试验 治疗作用的确证阶段。 • IV期临床试验 新药上市后申请人自主进行
的应用研究阶段。
新药的临床研究
• 生物等效性试验(bioequivalence testing) 即相对生物理利用度研究，通过比较被试
【药学专业英语】PPT课件
Side effect After effect Allergy [ ‘ælədʒi ] 过敏反应 Toxicity Addiction（morphine） Lj:An allergy is an adverse reaction of the
body to certain substances.
There is a lot of fat here, suggesting one risk factor for atherosclerosis. 大量脂肪是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。
.
15
antibiotics
biotic [ bai'ɔtik ] .a. 生命的(生物的)
How do microbes beat antibiotics? 微生物如何战胜抗生素？
我们首先给予血管扩张药物例如硝普钠或钙离子拮抗剂如维拉帕米皮层的皮质的cortex皮层促肾上腺皮质激素adj皮质甾类的皮质类固醇的类固醇甾体类hormoneproducedadrenalcortexsaikl?ufsfmaidphospho表示磷的含磷的之义spore孢子saikl?usp?
Part 1 Special Terms for Pharmacology
Antianginal drug
Consequently, stand or fall of patient angina symptom. 因而，病人心绞痛症状时好时坏。
Angina pectoris: It is acid that the banana has a kind of natural making to a healthy function of easing pain. 心绞痛：香蕉对身体有一种天然的制酸性，有镇痛作 用。
body to certain substances.
There is a lot of fat here, suggesting one risk factor for atherosclerosis. 大量脂肪是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。
.
15
antibiotics
biotic [ bai'ɔtik ] .a. 生命的(生物的)
How do microbes beat antibiotics? 微生物如何战胜抗生素？
我们首先给予血管扩张药物例如硝普钠或钙离子拮抗剂如维拉帕米皮层的皮质的cortex皮层促肾上腺皮质激素adj皮质甾类的皮质类固醇的类固醇甾体类hormoneproducedadrenalcortexsaikl?ufsfmaidphospho表示磷的含磷的之义spore孢子saikl?usp?
Part 1 Special Terms for Pharmacology
Antianginal drug
Consequently, stand or fall of patient angina symptom. 因而，病人心绞痛症状时好时坏。
Angina pectoris: It is acid that the banana has a kind of natural making to a healthy function of easing pain. 心绞痛：香蕉对身体有一种天然的制酸性，有镇痛作 用。
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History of Medicinal Drugs
• Medical Breakthroughs
– 1847, Semmelweis
• Handwashing with chlorinated lime water in maternity wards
– 1860s, Lister
• Introduced antiseptics into surgery
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Paracelsus
– 1493-1541 – Challenged teachings of Galen, denouncing humors – Advocated use of individual drugs, not mixtures and potions
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Pharmacopoeia of the United States
– 1820 – First official listing of drugs in the U.S. – Massachusetts Medical Society
History of Medicinal Drugs
• American Civil War
– 1861-1865 – Defined boundaries between practice of physicians and pharmacists – 1852, formation of the American Pharmaceutical Association
Learning Objectives
• Recognize the important figures, events, and resources in the development of pharmacology through the ages. • Know what is meant by pharmacology. • Define drugs, identify their sources, and understand how they work. • Be familiar with the federal laws that regulate drugs and the agencies that administer them. • Be familiar with the procedure for getting a new drug to market.
Chapter 1
The Evolution of Medicinal Drugs
Chapter 1 Topics
• • • • The History of Medicinal Drugs Present-Day Pharmacology Practice Drug Legislation and Regulation Drug Testing, Approval, and Removal from the Market • FDA Food Health Claims
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Hippocrates
– c. 460-377 B.C. – Propose that disease came from natural, not supernatural causes – Favored empirical learning – Used dissection to study human body’s organs’ functions
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Pharmacopoeias
– Official listings of medical preparations – Florence, Italy: Nuovo Receptario – Nuremberg, Germay: Dispensatorium
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Claude Bernard
– 1813-1878 – Certain drugs have specific sites of action in the body – Started field of experimental pharmacology
– 1907, Ehrlich
• Introduced arsphenamine to treat syphilisHistory o来自 Medicinal Drugs
• Medical Breakthroughs
– 1923, Banting and Best
• Extracted insulin from the pancreas to treat diabetes
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Knowledge of healing properties of natural substances grew from trial and error • Historically, medical treatment controlled by religious leaders • Pharmakon, Greek word meaning magic spell, remedy, or poison
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Galen
– c. A.D. 130-201 – Humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile)
History of Medicinal Drugs
• Dioscrides
– First century A.D. – de Materia Medica – Described and classified 600 plants by substance not disease they were intended to treat