宾语从句知识点

初 中 宾 语 从 句

一：宾语从句的意义及结构

语法意义：宾语从句属于名词性从句，

在复合句中作主句的宾语。

宾语从句由从属连词(that, whether, if)

连接代词(which, what, who, whose, whom)

连接副词(where, how, when, why)等引导。 及物动词、介词或某些形容词后可带宾语从句。

eg. We know Mr Green teaches English.

She asked if these answers were right.

句型结构：主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语(+其他成分)

一：宾语从句的引导词

(1) 陈述句作宾语（作从句的原句是陈述句）从句引导词用that 。that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，无实际意思，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

如： He said (that) it was cold in Moscow.

Mother knows (that) Jim will work hard.

(2) 一般疑问句作宾语从句引导词用whether 或if 。 whether 或if 表示“是否、是不是”的意思，不能省略。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。如：

I want to know if / whether the answer is right.

Lucy asked if / whether they had a cheaper shirt.

(3) 特殊疑问句作宾语从句引导词用原来的疑问词，只不过在宾语从句中称作连接代词或连接副词。连接代词或连接副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，有一定的意思，不能省略。如：

Please tell him which class you are in.

Could you tell me where the post office is?

Please ask the teacher how we can get there.

拓展：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。

宾语从句语序：在复合句中，宾语从句部分要用陈述语序。

(1) 陈述句作由that引导的宾语从句时，语序不用调整。

(2) 一般疑问句作宾语从句时，其结构为whether / if +陈述句。原一般疑问句的主语前如果是助动词do / does / did，应去掉，谓语动词应改为其相应的形式;原一般疑问句的主语前如果是don’t / doesn’t / didn’t，则直接将其放到主语之后;原一般疑问句的主语前如果是be 动词、情态动词或其他助动词，则应将其放到主语之后。如：

Does he like apples? I don’t know.-I don’t know whether he likes apples. He asks: Is Tom a diver? -He asks whether Tom is a driver.

(3) 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，如果疑问词作主语或主语的定语，其语序不用变化;如果疑问词充当其他句子成分，则宾语从句的结构为连接代词 / 连接副词+陈述句。如：

Who can answer the question? I want to know.

-I want to know who can answer the question.

宾语从句中的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的时态则根据具体情况或具体意义来确定。如：

① I don't know when he came back.

② Do you know where they will go this summer holiday?

③He is worried about whether he has passed the English exam.

④ Please tell us what we should do next, OK?

⑤ Will you please tell me how I can get to the post office?

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则相应地使用一般过去时/过去将来时/过去完成时/过去进行时等。如：

① He said that he didn't find your lost pen.

② My parents told me that they would go to Beijing.

③ The policeman asked him what he was doing at midnight yesterday.

④ I told you yesterday that I had returned your book. Why do you ask for it again?

3.如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观真理、自然现象、名言警句或谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用原时态。如：

① Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

② When I was young, my father often told me that knowledge is power . Ø 只能用whether不能用if的情况

1.在介词后面：

I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.

We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.

2.在动词不定式前：

I don’t know whether to go.

3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:

Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.

Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.

4.Whether置于句首时，不能换用if

Whether this is true or not,I can’t say.

5.引导主语从句和表语从句时，宜用whether

The question is whether we can catch the bus.

哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that

当that做learn, suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,

feel,hold等动词的宾语时;

当宾语从句较长时;

当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;

当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;

当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;

当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;

当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;

当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;

当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;

当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;

在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.