太阳能充电器电路设计毕业论文

摘要............................................................. III ABSTRACT......................................................... IV 第1章绪论. (1)

1.1课题背景 (1)

1.1.1能源危机及环境污染问题 (1)

1.1.2太阳能的开发和利用 (2)

1.1.3我国太阳能的资源状况 (3)

1.2国外光伏发电产业现状与市场需求 (3)

1.2.1国外光伏发电产业现状 (3)

1.2.2光伏发电市场需求 (4)

1.3光伏系统的工作原理与组成 (5)

1.3.1光伏系统的工作原理 (5)

1.3.2光伏系统的组成 (5)

1.4 本章小结 (6)

第二章太阳能电池和单片机 (6)

2.1 太阳能电池 (6)

2.1.1 太阳能电池原理、分类和保护 (6)

2.1.2 太阳能电池的等效电路 (8)

2.1.3 太阳能电池板的输出特性 (9)

2.2 单片机介绍 (11)

2.2.2单片机硬件特性 (12)

2.2.3单片机基本结构 (12)

2.3本章小结 (14)

第三章方案选择及单元电路的设计 (14)

3.1 方案选择及方框图 (14)

3.1.1 方案选择 (14)

3.1.2 方框图 (14)

3.2 太阳能充电器电路原理 (15)

3.2.1太阳能电池材料分类、电池组件概述和分类 (15)

3.3单片机电路介绍 (15)

3.3.1 STC12C5408AD单片机 (15)

3.3.2设计思路 (20)

3.4锂蓄电池的充电特性 (22)

3.4.1 控制器充放电电路 (23)

3.4.2 液晶显示电路 (26)

3.4.3 报警电路设计 (29)

3.4.4 PADS简介 (30)

3.5 本章小结 (33)

第四章锂蓄电池电压电流的检测和技术研究 (33)

4.1锂蓄电池电压的检测 (33)

4.2蓄电池电压检测电路设计 (33)

4.3本章小结 (34)

结论 (35)

参考文献 (36)

致谢 (37)

摘要

化石能源的日益枯竭、人们对环境保护问题的重视程度也在不断提高，寻找洁净的替代能源问题变得越来越迫切。太阳能作为一种可再生能源它具有取之不尽、用之不竭和清洁安全等特点，因此有着广阔的应用前景，光伏发电技术也越来越受到人们的关注，随着光伏组件价格的不断降低和光伏技术的发展，太阳能光伏发电系统将逐渐由现在的补充能源向替代能源过渡。

太阳能发电的历史可以追朔到1800年，伯克莱氏发现对某种半导体材料照射光后，会引起伏安特性改变。最终，发现了光伏效应，并以此半导体制成光伏电池。其后，对硒，氧化铜等半导体材料进行研究，同样发现此种光伏效应，也制成类似的光伏效应。

本课程设计介绍一种太阳能充电器，利用单片机控制，将太阳能经过电路变换为稳定直流电充电，并能在电池充电完成后自动停止充电，还可作为一般直流电源使用，从而摆脱对市电的依赖而获得通信的自由。与常规的充电器相比，太阳能充电器有着明显的优势。

关键词：太阳能电池单片机充电器

ABSTRACT

Fossil energy drying up, people's attention to the problem of environmental protection degree are also constantly improve, look for clean alternative energy issues become more and more urgent. Solar energy as a renewable energy it has abundant, an inexhaustible, clean and safe characteristics and therefore has a broad application prospect, photovoltaic power generation technology is also more and more get the attention of people, with the price of photovoltaic modules and the decrease of the development of photovoltaic technology, solar photovoltaic power generation system will be gradually by the additional energy to make the transition to alternative energy now.

Solar power's history can be dated back to0, Berkeley's discovery of a semiconductor material after irradiation light, to cause volt-ampere characteristics change. In the end, found the photovoltaic effect, which made from semiconductor photovoltaic cells. Thereafter, selenium, copper oxide semiconductor materials such as research, also found that the photovoltaic effect, also made a similar photovoltaic effect.

This course is designed to introduce a kind of solar charger, using single-chip microcomputer control, the solar energy through to stabilize the dc charging circuit transformation, after completion of the battery and can automatically stop charging, can also be used as a general dc power supply, so as to get rid of the dependence on the grid for the freedom of communication. Compared with the conventional charger, solar charger has obvious advantages.

Key words: solar energy; batteri chip; microcomputer; Battery charger