考研英语二同源阅读2及答案

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考研英语二样卷(附答案解析)

考研英语（二）样题Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes1 different nations compete against each other in a2 of sports. ②There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.①In order to 3 the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ②After all proposals have been 4 , the IOC votes. ③If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues, with 5 rounds, until a majority winner is determined. ④Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, 6 the winning city time to prepare for the Games.⑤In selecting the 7 of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to 8 the Games effectively.①The IOC also 9 which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.②10 , T okyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen 11to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America.①12 the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into 13 the host city’s time zone.②14 the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay 15 higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events 16 , in prime viewing hours.①17 the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. ②This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television 18 and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. ③In many 19 there is also direct government support.①Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially 20. ②When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.1. [A]in [B]for [C]of [D]from2. [A]lot [B]number [C]variety [D]series3. [A]host [B]take [C]run [D]organize4. [A]supported [B]submitted [C]substituted [D]subordinated5. [A]suggestive [B]successful [C]successive [D]succeeding6. [A]letting [B]setting [C]permitting [D]allowing7. [A]site [B]spot [C]location [D]place8. [A]state [B]stage [C]start [D]sponsor9. [A]thinks [B]reckons [C]considers [D]calculates10. [A]For instance [B]As a result [C]In brief [D]On the whole11. [A]in time [B]in part [C]in case [D]in common12. [A]Since [B]Because [C]As for [D]Because of13. [A]amount [B]account [C]accord [D]acclaim14. [A]However [B]Whatever [C]Whenever [D]Wherever15. [A]greatly [B]handsomely [C]meaningfully [D]significantly16. [A]live [B]living [C]alive [D]lively17. [A]Until [B]Unless [C]Whether [D]Once18. [A]incomes [B]interests [C]revenues [D]returns19. [A]cases [B]conditions [C]chances [D]circumstances20. [A]safe [B]risky [C]tempting [D]feasibleSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1①Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. ②Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. ③Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass thisdaring test of its networking power. ④“My whole motto was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’,” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side.”①Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net.②This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some ＄10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. ③These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. ④In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. ⑤The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.①This is not a primitive barter system.②By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of Barter News, calls “the double coincidence of wants.”③That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. ④Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.①Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. ②For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad space at little cost. ③Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.①Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty, quality and so on.②Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades.③Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. ④Two small planes will deliver the goods. ⑤QL2 director GaciiWaciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” ⑥For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.21. The word “techies” (Para. 1) probably refers to those who are ___________.[A] afraid of technology[B] skilled in technology[C] ignorant of technology[D] incompetent in technology22. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___________.[A] were impressed by his creativity[B] were eager to identify with his motto[C] liked his goal announced in advance[D] hoped to prove the power of the Internet23. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___________.[A] the size of barter sites[B] the use of virtual currency[C] the quality of goods or services[D] the location of trading companies24. It is implied that Internet advertisements can help ___________.[A] companies make more profit[B] companies do formal exchanges[C] media register in statistics[D] media grade barter sites25. Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author?[A] It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.[B] It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.[C] It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.[D] It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.①Internet commerce did not exist at the beginning of this decade, but now it isa supercharged engine driving the world economy. ②Industries are redesigning themselves around new methods of doing things. ③Survivors will be those that successfully adapt their processes in the New Economy, according to Robert D. Atkinson and Randolph H. Court. ④“Three main foundations will underpin strong and widely shared economic growth in the New Economy: (1) development of a ubiquitous digital economy, (2) increased research and innovation, and (3) improved skills and knowledge of the work force,” write Atkinson and Cou rt.①The total U.S. Internet economy more than doubled in just one year, from ＄15.5 billion in 1996 to nearly＄39 billion in 1997. ②By 2001, the Internet economy will soar to ＄350 billion, with business-to-business activity leading theway. ③Another sign of the growth of the digital economy is the mushrooming of Internet hosts, which are nearly doubling in the United States every year. ④More households, businesses, and schools are on the Net, too. ⑤The only laggard in the digital revolution is government: Local, state, and federal governments combined spent 9.4% more each year on computers between 1986 and 1996, while business spent 22% more a year in the same period.①Venture capitalists are pouring money into the development of growing companies, often becoming involved as board members and advisers, and helping startups refine business plans.①“It’s important to keep an eye on the straight dollar amount of venture capital in the economy, but it’s just as important to remember the exponential ripple effect of the cash,” note Atkinson and Court. ②“Many of the gazelles of the New Economy are venture-backed companies, and they are having a profound impact—employment in venture-backed companies increased 34% annually between 1991 and 1995 while employment in Fortune 500 companies declined 3.6%. ③Moreover, venture-capital-backed firms are more technologically innovative than other firms.”①The numbers of engineers and scientists are growing; jobs requiring science and engineering expertise will grow three times faster than other occupations between 1994 and 2005. ②Without adequately prepared homegrown workers to fill these jobs, and with decreased corporate spending on training programs, the demand for engineers and scientists will increasingly be met by immigrants. ③Already, almost one-fourth of engineers in the U.S. who earned Ph.D.s in the last five years are foreign born.①Atkinson and Court conclude: “The New Economy puts a premium on what Nobel laureate economist Douglas North calls ‘adaptive efficiency’ —the ability of institution s to innovate, continuously learn, and productively change…②If we are to ask workers to take the risks inherent in embracing the New Economy, we must equip them with the tools to allow them to prosper and cope with change and uncertainty.③If we fail to invest in a knowledge infrastructure—world-class education, training, science, and technology—our enterprises will not have the skilled workers and cutting-edge tools they need to grow and create well-paying jobs.”26. We learn from the text that ________ seems to be more important for a person tosurvive the New Economy.[A] adaptability[B] diligence[C] intelligence[D] modesty27. In the second paragraph, the author mainly concentrates on the ___________.[A] tendency of American economy[B] contribution American households have made to the economy[C] low efficiency of the government[D] progress toward digital transformation28. The venture-capital-backed firms are more successful because they ___________.[A] have invested in innovation[B] are good at stock exchanges[C] have abundant funds[D] have increased employment29. The fact that “almost one-fourth of engineers in America who earned Ph.D.sare foreign born” implies that ___________.[A] the majority of American people are not interested in getting Ph.D.[B] foreign students are more eager to get Ph.D.[C] the American education has lagged behind in the New Economy[D] American students are not as clever as foreign students30. A suitable title for this text might be ___________.[A] How to Develop US Economy[B] The Relation between American Industry and New Economy[C] Digital Engine Powers New Economy[D] Our New Policy on EconomyText 3①When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. ②These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites.③To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French.①But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.①Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. ②“Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job” is how most advocates of the system would put it. ③To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.①Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumer’s assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.①Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. ②Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.①What’s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip i ncreases as the bill increases. ②Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upselling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso andevery cocktail is extra money in the server’s pocket. ③Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.①In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. ②In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. ③Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.31. It may be inferred that a European-style service___________.[A] is tipping-free[B] charges little tip[C] is the author’s initiative[D] is offered at Per Se32. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?[A] Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.[B] Waiters don’t care about tipping.[C] Customers generally believe in tipping.[D] Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.33. According to Michael Lynn’s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they ___________.[A] have performed good service[B] frequently refill customer’s water glass[C] win customer’s favor[D] serve customers of the same sex34. We may infer from the context that “upselling” (Para. 6) probably means __________.[A] selling something up[B] selling something fancy[C] selling something unnecessary[D] selling something more expensive35. This text mainly discusses ___________.[A] reasons to abolish the practice of tipping[B] economic sense of tipping[C] consumers’ attitudes towards tipping[D] tipping for good serviceText 4①Henric Ibsen, author of the play “A Doll’s House”, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. ②From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women.③Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. ④But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. ⑤They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences—which could include beingdissolved.①Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. ②The number has since jumped to 36%. ③That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America’s 15% for the Fortune 500. ④Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. ⑤“I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,” says SverreMunck, head of international operations at a media firm. ⑥“Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,” he says. ⑦Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.①Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. ②Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. ③Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian b usiness circles as the “golden skirts”. ④One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies—they occupy around 15% of senior positions. ⑤It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.①Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. ②Recent history in Norway, however, suggests thatthe right women can make strong directors. ③“Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,” says Ms RekstenSkaugen, who was voted Norway’s chairman of the year for 2007, “and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers.”36. The author mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to ___________.[A] depict women’s dilemma at wo rk[B] explain the newly passed law[C] support Norwegian government[D] introduce the topic under discussion37. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to ___________.[A] pay a heavy fine[B] close down its business[C] change to a private business[D] sign a document promising to act38. T o which of the following is SverreMunck most likely to agree?[A] A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.[B] A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.[C] A common principle should be followed by all companies.[D] An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.39. The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” to ___________.[A] the small number of qualified females in management[B] the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies[C] the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions[D] the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles40. The main idea of the text might be___________.[A] female power and liberation in Norway[B] the significance of Henric Ibsen’s play[C] women’s status in Norwegian firms[D] the constitution of board members in NorwayPart BSample 1Directions：Read the following text and choose the best answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①The World economy has run into a brick wall. ②Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. ③The result is a global food crisis. ④Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of 2004.⑤These food-price increases combined with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places in Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso.⑥Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist,but we’ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.①The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. ②The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. ③The second is the misguided policy in the U.S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. ④The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. ⑤The forth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. ⑥In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow.①So, what should be done? ②Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster. ③The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds.④Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. ⑤An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere＄10 per person annually in the rich world, or ＄10 billion in all. ⑥Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria is controlling those diseases.①Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels. ②The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply.③There may be a case for biofuels produced on landsthat do not produce foods — tree crops (like palm oil), grasses and wood products —but there’s no case for doling out subsidies to put the world’s dinner into the gas tank. ④Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world’s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. ⑤For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond – which collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell – can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. ⑥The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.Part BSample 2Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle form the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subtitle which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)[A] Follow on Lines[B] Whisper: Keep It to Yourself[C] Word of Experience: Stick to It[D] Code of Success: Freed and T argeted[E] Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers[F] Recipe: Simplicity Means Everything[G] Efficiency Comes from Order①Every decade has its defining self-help business book.②In the 1940s it was How to Win Friends and Influence People, in the 1990s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. ③These days we’re worried about something much simpler: Getting Things Done.41.____________________________________①That’s the title of productivity guru David Allen’s pithy 2001 treatise onworking efficiently, which continues to resonate in this decade’s overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace. ②Allen hasn’t just sold 500,000 copies of his book. ③He has preached his message of focus, discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and Novartis to the World Bank and the U.S. Air Force. ④He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with information overload. ⑤He ministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $6,000 private session in which he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. ⑥And he has won the devotion of acolytes who document on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTD) program has changed their lives.42.____________________________________①Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense. ②Free your mind, and productivity will follow. ③Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, and you won’t be bothered by all those loose threads pulling at your attention. ④First make decisions about what needs to get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. ⑤If you’ve cataloged everything you have to do and all your long-term goals, Allen says, you’re less likely to wake up at 3 a.m. worrying about whether you’ve forgotten something: “ Most people haven’t realized how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day and each of them has potential meaning.”43.____________________________________①When e-mails, phone calls and to-do lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real change begins. ②You will finally be able to use your mind to dream upgreat ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with all the things you’ve got to do. ③Allen himself, despite running a $5.5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year and juggling a busi ness that’s growing 40% every year, finds time to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt bonsai plants. ④Oh, and he has earned his black belt in karate.44.____________________________________①Few companies have embraced Allen’s philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, the Minnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms. ②Allen began at the company with a couple of private coaching sessions for top executives, who raved about his guidance. ③Allen and his staff now hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year. ④The company has already put more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and plans to expand it company-wide. ⑤“Fads come and go,” says Kevin Wilde, General Mills’ CEO, “but this continues to work.”45._____________________________________①The most fevered followers of Allen’s organizational methodology gather online. ②Websites like gtdindex. marvelz. com parse Allen’s every utterance. ③The 43Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview with him. ④GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on whatsthenextaction. com gather best practice techniques for implementing the book’s ideas. ⑤More than 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen’s system.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)There are different types of Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce sites that work in various ways and are broken into two major groups: the verticals and horizontals. Verticals are Business-to-Business (B2B) sites designed specifically to meet the needs of a particular industry, such as retail. Vertical sites are the most likely to contain community features like industry news, articles, and discussion groups. Horizontals provide products, goods, materials, or services that are not specific to a particular industry or company. Horizontals that retailers could use might provide travel, transportation services, office equipment, or maintenance and operating supplies.Horizontals and verticals can connect buyers and sellers together directly or act as intermediaries who facilitate transactions. There isn’t one model that appears everywhere for Business-to Business e-commerce. Business-to Business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers, to private extranets. Auctions allow multiple buyers to bid competitively for products from individual suppliers.Auctions can be used to get rid of surplus inventory by item or lot, or excess fixed assets like display fixtures.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:。

考研英语二真题及答案（word完整版）

考研英语二真题及答案（word完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground It's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear we'II be 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and JulianaSchroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare答案：1. signal2. Much3. plugged4. message5. behind6. misinterpreted7. judged8. unfamiliar9. anxious 10. turn11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact19. since 20. simple。

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer ,you'll find the time; and that if you can't find the time ,then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer. For him writingis1job—a job like any other. He has2it with plumbing, pointing out that plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.3, like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills,it's not4to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It require determination andsingle-mindedness.5that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living, And today, even writers who are fairly6often have to do other work to7their writing income.As Halan Coben has suggested, it's a8of priorities. To make writing a priority ,you'll have to9some of your day-to-day activities and some thing you really enjoy. Depengding on your10and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write11they listen to music. You might have to12the amount of exercise or sport you do. You'll have to make social media an13activity rather than a daily, time-consuming14. There'll probably have to be less socializing with your friends an less time with your family. it's a15learning curve and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for,16your writing—and that's reading. Any write needs to read as made and as widely as they can, it's the one17supporter—something you can't do without.Time is finite. the older you get, the18it seems to go. We need to use it so carefully and as19as we can，that means prioritizing out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you're a writer, that means—20—writing.1、[单选题]第1题答案是_______.A.difficultB.normalC.steadyD.pleasant正确答案：B参考解析：difficult 困难 normal 正常的 steady 持续地、平稳地pleasant 讨人喜欢的。

考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）

考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）2013年研究生入学考试英语二真题与解析英语二完型Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itsel f several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronicpayments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail英语二阅读原文及出处：Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is t here to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。

2022年考研《英语(二)》考试真题及答案解析【完整版】

2022年考研《英语（二）》考试真题及答案解析【完整版】Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer, you'll find the time; and that if you can't find the time, then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer. For him writing is a _____(1)job-a job like any other. He has _____(2)it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today._____(3), like most writers these days, you' re holding down a job to pay the bills, it's not_____(4)to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. _____(5)that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly _____(6)often have to do other work to _____(7)their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested it's a_____(8)of priorities. To make writing a priority, you'll have to _____(9)some of your day-to-day-activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your _____(10)and your life style, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write _____(11)they listen to music. You might have to _____(12)the a mount of exercise or sport you do. You'll have to make social media an _____(13)activity rather than a daily time-consuming_____(14). There'll probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. It's a_____(15)learning curve, and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, _____(16)your writing-and that's reading. And writer needs to read as muchand as widely as they can; it's the one _____(17)supporter-something you can't do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the _____(18)it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as_____(19)as we can. That means prioritising our activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you're a writer, that means_____(20)writing.1.【题干】1._____【选项】A.difficultB.normalC.steadyD.pleasant【答案】B2.【题干】2._____【选项】binedparedC.confusedD.confronted【答案】B3.【题干】3._____【选项】A.IfB.ThroughC.OnceD.Unless【答案】A4.【题干】4._____ 【选项】A.enoughB.strangeC.wrongD.easy【答案】D5.【题干】5._____ 【选项】A.AcceptB.ExplainC.RememberD.Suppose【答案】C6.【题干】6._____ 【选项】A.well-knownB.well-advisedC.well-informedD.well-chosen 【答案】A7.【题干】7._____ 【选项】A.donateB.generateC.supplementD.calculate【答案】C8.【题干】8._____ 【选项】A.causeB.purposeC.questionD.condition【答案】C9.【题干】9._____ 【选项】A.highlightB.sacrificeC.continueD.explore【答案】B10.【题干】10._____ 【选项】A.relationsB.interestsC.memoriesD.skills【答案】B11.【题干】11._____A.untilB.becauseC.whileD.before【答案】C12.【题干】12._____ 【选项】A.put up withB.make up ofC.hang on toD.cut down on【答案】D13.【题干】13._____ 【选项】A.intelligentB.occasionalC.intensiveD.emotional【答案】B14.【题干】14._____ 【选项】A.habitB.testC.decisionD.plan15.【题干】15._____ 【选项】A.toughB.gentleC.rapidD.funny【答案】A16.【题干】16._____ 【选项】A.in place ofB.in charge ofC.in response toD.in addition to 【答案】D17.【题干】17._____ 【选项】A.indispensableB.innovativeC.invisibleD.instant【答案】A18.【题干】18._____ 【选项】A.dullerB.harderC.quieterD.quicker【答案】B19.【题干】19._____【选项】A.peacefullyB.generouslyC.productivelyD.gratefully【答案】C20.【题干】20._____【选项】A.at mostB.in turnC.on averageD.above all【答案】DSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1On a recent sunny day13.000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40 windswept acres in Shiner Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked carothers drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it's by design, part of what the $6.1 billion US. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen. are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they're also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change."I'm excited about our progress," says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds' waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements "allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers."The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. in barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandy wine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any. improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggswill embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect environment. Young adults "really care about the planet," says John Brunnquell, president of Eggs Innovations. "They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they're doing.21.【题干】the climate-friendly eggs are produced _____.【选项】A.at a considerably low costB.at the demand of regular shoppersC.as a replacement for organic eggsD.on specially designed forms【答案】D【解析】本题为细节题。

2021考研英语二阅读text2

2021考研英语二阅读text2Title: Analysis of 2021 Postgraduate English II Reading Text 2The 2021 Postgraduate English II Reading Text 2 examines the role of social media platforms in society, focusing on how they can shape individuals' behavior and beliefs. The text delves into the concept of social contagion, which refers to the spread of emotional states, attitudes, or behaviors through a social network.One of the main points discussed in the text is the impact of social media algorithms on what users see and engage with. These algorithms are designed to increase user engagement and keep users on the platform for longer periods of time. However, this can lead to the proliferation of misinformation and the reinforcement of existing beliefs. The text argues that the algorithms used by social media platforms can create echo chambers, where individuals are only exposed to information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs.Furthermore, the text explores how social media platforms can influence individuals' behavior through social comparison. Users often compare themselves to others on social media, which can lead to feelings of envy, inadequacy, or pressure toconform. This can have a negative impact on individuals' mental health and well-being.In addition, the text highlights the role of influencers on social media in shaping public opinion and consumer behavior. Influencers have a large following and can have a significant impact on the products people buy and the ideas they believe in. However, there are concerns about the authenticity of influencers and the potential for them to promote harmful products or misinformation.Overall, the 2021 Postgraduate English II Reading Text 2 raises important questions about the influence of social media on society and individuals. It emphasizes the need for critical thinking and media literacy to navigate the complex digital landscape. As social media continues to play a prominent role in our daily lives, it is essential to understand its potential impacts and take steps to mitigate any negative consequences.。

考研英语阅读同源外刊(环球时报)

A Study finds couch potatoes more likely to suffer insomnia一项研究发现，不爱运动的人更容易失眠While one in five people in China have symptoms of a sleep disorder, only one in 10 who exercise regularly report problems sleeping, according to a study released on Thursday by the Chinese Sleep Research Society.中国睡眠研究协会周四发布的一项研究显示，中国有五分之一的人存在睡眠障碍，但在经常运动的人当中，仅有十分之一的人自称存在睡眠问题。

The COVID-19 epidemic has also deepened the divide in sleeping patterns between couch potatoes and regular exercisers, as people who lead sedentary lifestyles are less inclined to work out due to travel restrictions, causing further disruptions to their circadian rhythms, the study said.该研究指出，新冠疫情也推动了不运动人群与经常运动人群在睡眠模式上的两极分化，随着旅行受限，那些有着久坐生活方式的人也就很少活动，这使他们的作息变得更不规律。

"As the spread of the virus has been suppressed in China, a key step toward returning to normal lives should be going outdoors more often and working out more regularly, to tackle the increasing prevalence of sleep issues," said Guo Xiheng, head of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital's sleep research center and a member of the research society.中国睡眠研究会理事、北京朝阳医院呼吸睡眠中心主任郭兮恒说：“随着国内疫情得到控制，人们在生活回归正常的同时应该多出门走走，定期锻炼，从而解决日益普遍的睡眠问题。

全国研究生入学统一考试英语二试题答案及解析

202X年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题National Entrance Test of English Ⅱfor MA/MSCandidates (NETEM)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World WarⅡand the people they liberated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn't much. GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 .Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka. Joe Magrac...a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character. or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie〞cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed2.[A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal3.[A] bore [B] cased [C] removed [D] loaded4.[A] necessities [B] facilities [C] commodities [D] properties5.[A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence6.[A] for [B] into [C] form [D] against7.[A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming8.[A] handed out [B] turn over [C] brought back [D] passed down9.[A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed10.[A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither11.[A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished12.[A] company [B] collection [C] community [D] colony13.[A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned14.[A] ethical [B] military [C] political [D] human15.[A] ruined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained16.[A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted17.[A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized [D] admired18.[A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advances19.[A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond20.[A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the outset [D] at that pointSection ⅡReading ComprehensionText 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely,if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the VirginMary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink _______.A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and interests27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________.[A] the marketing of products for children[B] the observation of children's nature[C] researches into children's behavior[D] studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________.A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 202X. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 202X some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 202X a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step〞in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.〞Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules - most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dots’, explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patentingC. genes to be patentableD. the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____A. genetic tests are not reliableB. only man-made products are patentableC. patents on genes depend much on innovationsD. courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for_____A. establishing disease compellationsB. discovering gene interactionsC. drawing pictures of genesD. identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed〞(line4,para6)the author means that_____A. the Supreme Court was authoritativeB. the BIO was a powerful organizationC. gene patenting was a great concernD. lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is_____A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,It will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwisewould have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings〞〔Line 1,Para.2〕the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]explore reasons for the unemployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valsey or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-education people form developing counting are particularly likely to emigrants , A big survey of Indian households in 202Xfound that nearly 40% of emigrants had morn than a high-school education ,compared with around 3.3%of all Indian over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties .They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled worker who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to makeSection IV WritingPart A47. DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary thatyou bought from an online store the other day, Write an email to the customer service center to1) Make a complaint and2) Demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1) Describe the table, and2) Give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words (15points)202X年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题解析Section ⅠUse of English1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们〞可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

2021年考研《英语二》试题及答案：阅读

2021年考研《英语二》试题及答案：阅读2021年考研《英语二》试题及答案（阅读）已公布，具体内容请各位考生即时查看如下：Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated： The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number o f pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t whenso many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Billfor the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is Bad【答案】【答案详解】21.标准答案： A考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握水平，解题的关键在于定位和辨别细节信息。

考研英语阅读同源外刊(英国镜报)

Why you need to wee more in winter为什么一到冬天就总是想上厕所？If you find yourself needing to go to the toilet more frequently after being out in cold weather, then don't worry, you're not alone. A doctor has explained why it is you might be finding yourself nipping to the loo a little more often during the winter months.随着天气转冷，你是否发现自己上厕所变得更频繁了？不用担心，并不只有你是这样的。

一位医生向我们解释了冬天上厕所变得更频繁的原因。

According to experts, it's common to need a wee more frequently during periods of cold weather. This is due to a biological process called cold diuresis, which occurs when the body's temperature lowers. Dr Diana Gall, from online medical service, Doctor 4 U has explained why it happens and what you need to do about it.专家表示，在寒冷的天气，频繁上厕所是一种正常现象。

这是因一种被称为冷利尿的生物学过程所致，冷利尿通常会发生在体温降低的时候。

在线医疗服务的戴安娜·加尔医生解释了冬天频繁上厕所的原因以及应对措施。

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Once upon a time the overstressed executive bellowing orders into a telephone, cancelling meetings, staying late at the office and dying of a heart attack was a stereotype of modernity. That was before the Whitehall studies, a series of investigations of British civil servants begun in the 1960s. These studies found that the truth is precisely the opposite. Those at the top of the pecking order actually have the least stressful and most healthy lives. Cardiac arrest-and, indeed, early death from any cause-is the prerogative of underlings.

Such results have since been confirmed many times, both in human societies and in other primate species with strong social hierarchies. But whereas the pattern is well-understood, the biological mechanisms underlying it are not. A study just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, however, sheds some light on the matter.

In it, a group of researchers led by Jenny Tung and Yoav Gilad at the University of Chicago looked at the effects of status on rhesus macaques. Experience has shown that these monkeys display the simian equivalent of the Whitehall studies' findings. The high risk of disease among those at the bottom of the heap in both cases suggests that biochemical responses to low status affect a creature's immune system. Those responses must, in turn, depend on changes in the way the creatures' genes are expressed. To investigate this phenomenon means manipulating social hierarchies, but that would be hard (and probably unethical) if it were done to human beings. You can, however, do it to monkeys, and the researchers did.

Dr Tung and Dr Gilad took 49 middle-ranking female macaques and split them into groups of four or five. The researchers were able to control where in a group an individual ranked by the order in which it was introduced into its group (newly introduced monkeys almost always adopt a role subordinate to existing group members). The hierarchies thus established, the team conducted tests on cells in the monkeys' blood, in an attempt to determine the effect of a macaque's rank on her biochemistry and, in particular, on how rank influences the activity of various genes.

As with any animal study, this one cannot simply be mapped straight onto humans. But it does provide pointers that researchers who work on people can use. In particular, the experiment ensured that social rank was the only factor being changed, providing strong evidence that the chain of causality runs from low social status, through a disrupted immune system to worse health, and not the other way around. The best medicine, then, is promotion. Prosper, and live long.

1. Executives at the high rank A. lead a happy and meaningful life B. suffer from tremendous stress C. fall into victims of violence D. have a pressure-free and healthy life 2. The reason why the experiment is performed on monkeys is that A. it is easy and has less to do with moral principles B. monkeys are willing to be done so C. human beings are more selfish and self-centered D. the experiment is difficult and costly 3. The hierarchies are built by the means of A. measuring their weight B. predicting their development C. judging their ability D. defining their sequence 4. The phrase ‘mapped onto’ in the last paragraph may mean A. deprived of B. applied to C. translated into D. regarded as 5. The best title of the passage may be A. modern leaders and leadership B. never say never C. social status and health D. rank, animal experimentations and pressure 答案：DADBC 全文翻译：曾今，人们对现代化的一个根深蒂固的印象是，领导们在巨大压力的折磨之下，对着电话狂吼，下达命令，取消会议，待在办公室到很晚，最后死于心脏病。可是，自二十世纪六十年代开始的英国白厅对英国政治家们展开的一系列调查之后，这种印象开始改变，因为调查发现事实却完全不是那么回事。实际上处于社会高层的人们承受的压力最小，生活最健康。心跳骤停——而且，确实是，不管是出于什么原因的早死——那都是做下属的才有的事。

在人类社会，还有等级严格的其他的灵长类物种中，都已多次验证这种结果的正确性。但是，虽然这种模式很容易理解，潜在的生物学机制却并不这么认为。杂志《国家科学院》最新出版的专题里，对此现象有相关阐述。

专题里，詹妮东和要吉拉德领导的研究小组在芝加哥大学，研究地位之于恒河猴的影响。实验经过表明，这些猴子所表现出来的是英国白厅研究发现的猴子版本。社会地位低的患病风险高，这既适用于人类界也同样适用于猴子。这暗示了社会地位低的物种的生物化学反应影响其免疫系统。反过来，这种生物化学反应又取决于物种生物基因的变化方式。若要调查这种现象，那就意味着需要控制社会等级，在人类身上进行，很困难（而且很可能不道德）。但是，你可以在猴子身上做实验，而且研究人员也是这么做的。

博士东和吉拉德，用49个中等地位等级的女性猴子做实验，并把他们分为四到五组。根据猴子们加入研究群体的时间顺序，研究人员给她们的地位等级编号（新来的都是要听前辈的，这是潜规则）。等级于是得以建立。研究团队采集猴子血液做细胞研究，试图搞清楚恒河猴的地位等级对其生物化学的影响，特别是地位等级是如何对各种基因活动起作用的。

不管以什么动物为研究对象，结果都不能直接简单地运用于人类，这个也不例外。但它确实给研究人类的学者们提供了一些建议。该实验的独特之处是，它确保了实验中社会等级是唯一发生改变的因素。它为因果关系链的正确模式提供了一个强有力的证据，正确模式是低等的社会等级通过被破坏了的免疫系统损害健康。而不是反过来的顺序。晋升是疗效最好的药物。因为成功，所以活得长久。