大学英语跨文化案例分析
英语跨文化交际案例分析
Encounter (1)
U1 The Taxi (P.1)
1. Maybe the taxi driver is trying to cheat Lee. 2. Perhaps there are extra charges for luggage that Lee doesn’t know about. 3. It may be that the driver has included a tip for himself, perhaps because he knows Lee is a foreigner and thinks she doesn’t know that she should tip. 4. One possibility is that there are extra charges for tolls (过路费) that Lee doesn’t know about. 5. It is possible that there is something wrong with the meter, or fares (车费) have recently gone up and the meter hasn’t been adjusted yet.
4. Ms. Kelsen may feel that she only did her duty, so she has done nothing to deserve such a special gift. 5. Ms. Kelsen may feel uncomfortable because she assumes Frank cannot afford to give expensive gifts. 6. Ms. Kelsen may feel that accepting the gift would put her under obligation to Frank. (Most Westerners feel that accepting a valuable gift entails a degree of reciprocity(酬答) .
跨文化英语案例分析万能模板
跨文化英语案例分析万能模板White Dress 女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. 案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼, 如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why. 文化是像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化, 但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文, 但他们通常是理所当然的, 从不问为什么。
Case 4 (P18)Coconut-skating 椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. W e can tell from the case thatculture is pervasive and it‘s learned. 案例分析:这个事件反映了文化的特点。
英语跨文化交际案例分析模板
英语跨文化交际案例分析模板引言跨文化交际是指在不同的文化背景下进行沟通和交流的过程。
英语作为全球通用语言，在跨文化交际中起着重要的角色。
本文将通过分析一个跨文化交际案例，探讨在不同文化背景下英语交际可能面临的问题和挑战。
案例背景假设情景：两位年轻人来自不同国家，分别是中国和美国。
他们通过社交媒体结识，并希望通过英语交流进一步了解对方的文化和生活。
他们已经通过文字聊天开始沟通。
语言差异英语是两位年轻人进行跨文化交际的工具，然而，由于他们来自不同的国家，他们对英语的使用和理解可能存在差异。
首先，母语不同会导致对语法、用词和句子结构的理解不同。
中国的英语教育注重文法和翻译，而美国的英语教育更注重口语和交流能力。
因此，两人的表达方式可能存在一些差异。
其次，文化背景的差异也会影响对词汇和表达方式的理解。
中国文化中的礼貌和尊重是非常重要的，而美国文化则更注重直接和开放的表达方式。
因此，在沟通中，他们可能需要适应对方的文化差异，以更好地理解对方的意思。
非语言交际除了语言差异之外，非语言交际也是跨文化交际中需要注意的重要因素。
身体语言和面部表情在跨文化交际中起着重要的作用。
中国人习惯使用面部表情和手势来表达情感和意思，而美国人则更注重身体姿势和手势。
在聊天中，如果两人无法面对面交流，他们的面部表情和身体语言就无法得到传达，可能会影响信息的理解和交流的准确性。
另外，个人空间和触碰也是需要注意的问题。
在中国文化中，个人空间较大，普遍注重隐私和距离感；而在美国文化中，个人空间较小，更习惯于直接接触。
因此，在交流中，他们需要互相理解对方的个人空间和触碰需求，避免造成不必要的尴尬或冲突。
思考与解决策略跨文化交际中的问题和挑战可以通过以下策略来解决：1.意识到差异：双方应意识到彼此文化差异的存在，并用开放的心态看待这些差异。
这有助于双方更好地理解对方的行为和表达方式。
2.尊重和包容：尊重对方的文化差异，并以包容的态度对待不同的习惯和观念。
跨文化交际案例分析万能模板英语
跨文化交际案例分析万能模板英语引言跨文化交际是指在不同文化背景下的人们进行交流与沟通。
由于不同国家和地区的历史、地理、宗教、价值观念等方面的特点差异，跨文化交际中可能会出现一系列的问题和挑战。
本文将通过分析一个跨文化交际案例来展示一个万能模板，帮助人们更好地理解和应对跨文化交际中的挑战。
案例背景在这个案例中，我们将探讨一位英国商人在中国进行商务洽谈的经历。
该商人名叫约翰，他代表一家英国公司前往中国与一家当地公司进行合作洽谈。
双方在商务洽谈的过程中遇到了许多跨文化交际的问题，这不仅对双方的商务合作产生了不良影响，也给他们个人之间的关系带来了一定的困扰。
案例分析问题一：语言障碍约翰在中国的商务洽谈中遇到了语言障碍。
他虽然会一些基础的中文，但在专业术语和商务用语方面仍感到困惑。
当约翰试图用英文与中国合作方进行交流时，他发现对方的英文水平并不理想，而在这个重要的商务场合，使用自己的母语并不合适。
这种语言障碍给双方的沟通造成了困难。
解决方案一：雇佣翻译或认可的语言中介为了解决语言障碍问题，约翰可以雇佣一位翻译或是寻找一位可以提供专业翻译服务的中介机构。
这样可以确保双方沟通的顺畅性和准确性。
同时，约翰也可以考虑提前准备一些常用商务用语的翻译，以备需要时参考和使用。
问题二：文化差异文化差异是跨文化交际中常见的问题之一。
在这个案例中，约翰和他的中国合作方在价值观念、商务礼仪等方面存在着一定的差异。
在一次商务会议中，约翰发现中国合作方会不断地打断他的发言并提出质疑。
这让约翰感到被不尊重和不重视。
解决方案二：了解对方文化为了更好地应对文化差异带来的挑战，约翰可以提前了解中国的商务文化和交际礼仪。
他可以阅读相关的书籍或咨询专业人士来获取更多的信息。
同时，在商务会议中，他也可以适当地调整自己的表达方式，尽量避免给对方造成不适。
问题三：时间观念中国和英国在时间观念方面存在差异。
在这个案例中，约翰和他的中国合作方在商务洽谈的时间上产生了矛盾。
跨文化交际英语案例分析万能模板
跨文化交际英语案例分析万能模板引言在全球化的趋势下，跨文化交际已成为日常生活和工作中的常态。
无论是国际贸易、跨国合作还是旅游交流，我们都会面临与不同文化背景的人进行交流和沟通的挑战。
特别是在学习和使用英语的过程中，我们需要了解不同文化对于语言使用和交际方式的影响。
本文将通过分析具体的跨文化交际案例，探讨英语学习者在不同文化背景下的沟通策略和技巧。
案例一：商务洽谈中的礼节差异A公司是一家美国跨国公司，打算与中国的B公司展开商务合作。
双方代表进行了一次面对面的商务洽谈。
在会议中，中国代表以客人的身份招待美国代表，并为其安排了一顿丰盛的中餐。
然而，美国代表主动将自己的商业计划一一介绍后，提出了一些具体的问题和要求。
此时，中国代表显然有些紧张和不悦，并没有直接回答问题，而是转移了话题，讲述了一些与商务无关的事情。
这种回应方式在美国文化中被视为不专业和不直接，可能会影响双方的合作关系。
在这个案例中，我们可以看出美国和中国在商务洽谈中的礼节差异。
美国文化注重直接、效率和专业性，而中国文化则更加注重人际关系和面子。
为了避免类似的情况发生，英语学习者可以采取以下策略： - 尊重和理解对方文化的特点，尽量适应对方的沟通方式； - 在交流过程中保持礼貌和尊重，不要过于直接或冷漠； - 尽量避免忽视对方分享的个人经历，可以采用开放式的问题引导对话，促进更深入的交流。
案例二：面试中的语言差异某公司招聘一名国际销售经理，面试环节中的英语口语能力成为了重要的考察点。
一位来自美国的面试官问了一道开放性问题：“你在此之前是如何处理一次跨国销售合作中的文化冲突的？”应聘者来自中国，他理解问题后，迅速开始介绍了自己曾经参与的一次错误的销售合作案例，强调通过学习和理解对方文化后，取得了成功。
然而，面试官希望应聘者更多地关注解决冲突的方法和技巧，而不是侧重于个人经历的叙述。
这使得应聘者在面试中失去了一部分分数。
这个案例揭示了中西文化在表达方式上的差异。
跨文化交际案例分析英语作文模板
跨文化交际案例分析英语作文模板引言跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的人之间进行沟通和交流的过程。
随着全球化的进程，跨文化交际在日常生活和工作中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
本文将通过分析一个跨文化交际案例，探讨该案例中出现的问题以及解决方法，从而帮助读者更好地理解和应对跨文化交际中的挑战。
案例描述在一个国际会议上，来自不同国家的代表齐聚一堂，旨在讨论全球气候变化问题及相关解决方案。
会议由一位英国主持人主持，与会代表包括来自美国、中国、印度和巴西的代表。
问题分析语言障碍由于与会代表来自不同的国家和文化，他们在语言上存在一定的障碍。
尽管大部分代表能够流利地使用英语作为共同的交流语言，但由于具体的文化差异，他们可能对某些语言表达方式不熟悉，导致交流不畅。
文化差异除了语言障碍外，文化差异也是跨文化交际中常见的问题。
不同国家有不同的价值观、信仰习俗和行为规范，可能导致误解和冲突。
解决方法多元思维在跨文化交际中，积极采用多元思维是解决问题的关键。
对于与会代表而言，他们需要意识到不同文化的存在，并尊重对方的文化差异。
同时，他们应该学会包容不同的观点和想法，以便更好地理解和沟通。
非语言交流除了语言表达外，非语言交流也是跨文化交际中的一个重要方面。
通过观察对方的肢体语言、面部表情和身体动作，可以更好地理解对方的意图和思维方式。
在本案例中，代表们可以通过更多的眼神交流和微笑来增加亲和力和友好度。
文化培训为了更好地解决跨文化交际中的问题，代表们可以参加文化培训课程。
这样的培训可以帮助他们了解不同国家的文化差异，学习如何在不同文化背景下进行有效的沟通和合作。
结论跨文化交际对于全球化时代的人们来说越来越重要。
在面对语言障碍和文化差异时，采取多元思维、注重非语言交流和接受文化培训等解决方法是非常必要的。
通过正确应用这些方法，我们可以在跨文化交际中更加顺畅地沟通和合作，推动全球各国的发展和合作。
完整版跨文化交际案例分析共7个
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章五、宴社会交往请招待 p132Case One: Setting Rules for a Gues-American Hospitality 案例：When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest!Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy?分析：1)In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest ，and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease.2)In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully.3)Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him.4)Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner.Case Two:案例：Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn ' t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing.Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.分析：1)0n the topic of hospitality, the Chinese stress on warmth and demonstrating friendship. They take the guest to a famous or luxurious restaurant to have a very good (expensive) meal to show their hospitality. And the Chinese are used to having a big meal. Themore dishes they put out，the greater the warmth and friendship they show.2)In western countries, people stress on freedom. They give the guest great freedom to choose their own foods. And westerners tend to have only one main course and some juice or desser，t which is viewed as casual in the eyes of the Chinese.3)Lin lived in American surroundings and should have adjusted himself quickly to the new world (lifestyle). He should have known the custom there first, and felt more at ease in Mike om'es. hCase Three: Equality or Hospitality for Table Manners 案例：Lin Hua has accompanied an American delegation to visit China. They have experienced the hospitality of the Chinese people. After returning to America, Linhua once visited them. They were so glad to meet again. Linhua offered to host the meal, but they refused. They ordered their own dish, and Linhua ordered her own. When footing the bill, they only paid their part，and no one wanted to pay for Linhua. Linhua found them so inhospitable, though she knew the Americans would usually pay for their own food.Question: Why did Linhua find them inhospitable? 分析：1)In China, to show hospitality, people tend to host the meal. And if they cannot do this, they at least will struggle to pay for the guest.2)In America, people tend to pay for themselves to show equality and independence.3)Linhua knows this custom, but from a Chinese point of view, she still finds this hard to accept, and feels it a little inhospitable.Case Four: 案例：I have an American friend. I have invited him several times, and at long last he invited me to his home one day. He told me to get there at 3 p m. I thought we could chat and have a meal together. I gave him a Chinese calendara, woman'sscarf and a bottle of Chinese white wine. He only took out a dish of nuts, a plate of bread and a bottle of wine. After two hours ' chaIt,found there was no hint of a meal and said good-bye to him. He only gave me a box of chocolate as a present for the New Year. After I got home, I found the box already been opened. I was very surprised, Question: What surprised me?分析：1)In China, a visit to home always includes a meal. And the guest always brings a relatively expensive present to the host. And the present should be well wrapped or untouched.2)In the west, a visit to home only means a meeting, not necessarily including a meal. And the present is treated not as importantly as it is in China.3)I acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs, so I felt the American way was very interesting (unusual).Case Five: Way of Entertaining Guests in China ------- Drink more and more案例：Tom, an American, went to a Chinese home for the first time. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. He drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then ? until he was quite full. Tom was totally confused by the way of entertaining.Question: Why was Tom totally confused?分析：1)Traditional Chinese custom requires that during the course of entertaining, the host has to always pour more wine or tea to the gues'st glass or cup, and always adds more food to the guest' s plate or bowl without asking whether it ' s wanted.2)Chinese guests know how to respond to this type of hospitality. They simply leave the wine, tea, or food in the container and stop having any more. But Tom, the American guest in the case didn ' t know this.3)He followed the politeness rule of his culture: it 's not good manners to leave food in one's own plate at a dinner table. Therefore, without any knowledge of the differences between the two cultures, an American guest would very likely suffer from either drinking or eating too much in such a situation.Case SixAs a foreign student at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Keiko Ihara (Japanese)was on a strict budget. She had all her tuition and books paid for by scholarships and grants and until recently was comfortably housed in the dormitory. Wanting to live in the community rather than in the dormitory, she found a small apartment to share with a friend. Her college friends, knowing of her situation, offered to round up some of the necessary items for apartment living. Keiko politely declined, saying she could manage. Wanting to help out her friends found some old but still usable household appliances and furniture. Mary had an old desk that was in hergarage. Ed had some chairs from his uncle, and Joe and Marion had a few extra dishes. They cheerfully brought them over one day. Keiko seemed very embarrassed,but gracefully accepted them, sincerely and profusely thanked them.The following week they were each presented with a gift from Keiko. Mary got an ornate jewelry box, Ed a volume of woodcuts by a famous Japanese artist, and Joe and Marion a beautiful Japanesevase, all of which were of considerable worth and value, much more than the old things they had donated to her. They all protested that she could not afford to give such elaborate gifts; they really expected nothing as the household items were not really being used and they would rather have her use them. Keiko, however, insisted that they take the gifts. In the end, they accepted the gifts, although they all felt uncomfortable as they knew she was really sacrificing to give them.Questions:1.What do you think of Keiko insisting on giving valuable gifts to her college friends?2.Why did Keiko ' s friends feel very uncomfortable when they received valuable gifts in return?分析：Keiko insists on giving valuable gifts to her college friends, because in countries like Japan, exchanging gifts is a strongly rooted social tradition. Should you receive a gift, and don't have one to offer in return, you will probably create a crisis. If not as serious as a crisis, one who doesn't offer a gift in return may be considered rude or impolite. Therefore, in Japan, gifts are a symbolic way to show appreciation, respect, gratitude and further relationship.Keiko obviously has taken those used items from Mary, Ed and Marion as gifts, for she probably doesn't know that Americans frequently donate their used household items to church or to the community. Mary, Ed and Marion would never consider those used household items given to Keiko as gifts. No wonder they felt very uncomfortable when they received valuable gifts in return.Case SevenSelma, who is from the US, is in a student exchange program in Indonesia. One day, she was asked to attend a birthday party and she was delighted, for she was curious to know what an Indonesian birthday party was like. To her surprise, she was the only one that dressed in typically Western clothes. Although she had no strong reason to become uneasy, her uneasy feeling prevailed as the party was going on. To make herself feel better, she went to the food table and began to help herself. But, upon leaving the table, she tripped on the leg of a chair and spilled her drink on the floor. One of the girls stooped down to mop up the spill and everyone else laughed out loud. Selma, uncertain what to do next, quietly moved out of her way with her head lowered in shame.Questions:3.What functions does laughing serve in similar situations in China?4.What should we do to help ourselves or other people out of embarrassment caused by culturaldifferences in laughing?分析：Just like smile, laughing does not always serve the same function in different cultures. Interestingly, for us Chinese, laughing often has a special function on some tense social occasions. People may laugh to release the tension or embarrassment, to express their concern about you, their intention to put you atease or to help you come out of the embarrassment. In this case, the people there were actually wishing to laugh with the American rather than laugh at her. Their laughing seemed to convey a number of messages: don ‘t take it so seriously; laugh it off, it things‘ s nothing; such can happen to any of us, etc. Unfortunately the American was unaware of this. She thought they were laughing at her, which made her feel more badly and angry, for in her culture laughing on such an occasion would be interpreted as an insulting response, humiliating and negative.。
跨文化交际案例分析3
Case 1: She Has Three HandsIn the following scenario, a Chinese doctor, a patient and a physiotherapist interact.A female neurologist from Beijing was working on a research project in a Toronto hospital. She shared a small office with a young Canadian male from a large family, who loved peanut butter. He was so fond of peanut butter that he kept a jar in the office. One day he came into the office and exclaimed, “Who took my peanut butter?” But the Chinese woman immediately felt accused. After all, there were only two of them in the office.She was deeply distressed, but true to her learned cultural behavior of never showing anger in public, she said nothing. Later that day she was working in a room where the physiotherapist was treating a patient who suffered paralysis of his legs and arms from a motorcycle accident. The physiotherapist moved one of the patient’s legs in a way that caused him pain.“Ouch!” he cried.“Oh, I didn’t do that,” said the physiotherapist. “It was that doctor over there,” and he pointed to the Chinese woman.“How could she have done it since she’s on the other side of the room?” the patient pointed out.“Ah, she has three hands.” the physiotherapist replied.At these words the Chinese doctor became even more upset. She was so disturbed that she behaved in a way uncharacteristic of her culture. She waited until the patient had gone, and then said to the physiotherapist, “I’m very upset by what you said.” The physiotherapist was taken aback. “What had I said?”“You said I had three hands,” the Chinese doctor finally choked. “You think I took the peanut butter.”Answer the following questions:1.How do you understand the phrase “to have three hands”? (3分)2.What caused their communication conflicts?（7分）Case 1:This case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chinese people view communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the“harmonious relationship”between them.Case 2: Left in the ColdKatherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang for help. Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o’clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang’s office at the exactly ten o’clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished his conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director’s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened.Answer the following questions:1.How would you explain the Director’s behavior toward Kathrine?（5分）2.How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry? （5分）Case 2:CommentThis is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time. For example, if a professor makes an appointment with a student at a certain time, it should not be interrupted by other things or people. In addition, Westerners are good timekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedules. However, Chinese view appointments in a more flexible manner. They are more casual about commitments. This difference in attitudes toward appointment was the root of Katherine’s unhappiness. Since the Director made an ten a’clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption. However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When their meeting finally began, it was interrupted again. There is no wonder Katherine became frustrated and angry.Case 3: Personal SpaceMark had recently moved from Denmark to Sydney to work as a salesperson for a large Australian company. After three weeks, he was invited to join a local club. During the first few weeks at the club, Mark would either stand in the corner talking with someone or sit on a sofa listening to other people talk and chat. As time went by, he came to know most of the club members and seemed to enjoy talking with them. One day, at an evening party one of the female members approached him. Mark immediately showed his interest by talking about the atmosphere of the party. At first, the conversation between them seemed to go quite smoothly, but as it progressed the lady seemed to step further and further away from Mark as he had been gradually moving closer to her. The lady obviously seemed uncomfortable. As Mark was about to ask her questions regarding Australian social customs, another man standing nearby directed a glance toward the lady. She excused herself and went to talk with that man, leaving Mark standing alone and wondering why their conversation had come to such a sudden stop.Answer the following question1. Why did that woman suddenly stop talking with Mark and turned to another man? （10分）Case 3:This is a typical case of misunderstanding caused by different perceptions abut body distance.There is a lot of evidence to show that body distance varies with different people, different circumstances, and different cultures. In Denmark, at a formal event, the intimate space is usually between 20 to 30 centimeters; while in Australia such an occasion requires a body distance of 40 to 50 centimeters. Therefore when a Dane talks with an Australian, the problem arises: the Dane is accustomed to a close distance while the Australian is comfortable with a great distance.In this case, Mark, by trying to establish his normal intimate space, infringed on the Australian lady’s space. Because of this, she felt somewhat threatened and lost her sense of comfort. At that moment, the nearby man offered her the opportunity to excuse herself from Mark. If Mark had had some knowledge about the expected personal space for Australians, the encounter might have been totally different.Case 4Li Ming, a male Chinese graduate student, studied in the United States. He shared a room with his American classmate Tony in a residence hall. At the very beginning, Li Ming found it easy and enjoyable to get along with Tony, for he was an open-minded person and sometimes he could give Li Ming quite a lot of helpful advice. But later,Li Ming felt it really hard to do the real effective communication. For example:One day Tony went into the bathroom and completely shaved his head. Li Ming easily discovered this fact when he himself visited the bathroom and saw the hair everywhere. He returned to his room and said to Tony, “You’ve shaved your head.” Tony replied, “Yeah, I did.”Li Ming waited a while, then said, I discovered you’d shaved your head when I went into the bathroom and saw the hair. “Yeah.” Tony confirmed. Li Ming was at a loss. He believed he had communicated in the strongest possible language his wish that the American would clean up the mess he’d made in the bathroom. But Li Ming was very much disappointed at his roommate Tony!Later he discussed the surprising episode with some Chinese friends who told him, “Listen, with Americans you actually have to say: Clean up the bathroom!” Li Ming believed his message had been very clear. However, he was relying on the context of the communication for the message to be understood: hair was all over the bathroom, and his roommate now was bare-headed.Questions:1. Why do you think the American student Tony failed to understand what his Chinese roommate Li Ming had wanted to say?2. Suppose the main characters in the story are two Chinese studentsor two American students, in what way will they deal with the matter?Case 7 (P30)Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。
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大学英语跨文化案例分析 Case 1： An Interview in India Case analysis： The case is about an interview between an American program host and an Indian interviewee. They talk about some aspects of Indian culture and the changes occurred these years。 The case reflects some basic cultural elements people may find in all cultures: language, family pattern, marriage， wedding ceremony, food and the way to eat food， etc. From this case, guide the students in culture study and culture comparison。 The students should realize that there are both similarities and differences in culture。 Culture is in fact very dynamic and pervasive.
案例是关于美国的节目主持人和印度的受访者之间的会谈。他们谈论印度文化的某些方面的变化发生了这些年。该案件反映了一些基本的文化元素的人可能在所有文化中找到：语言,家庭模式，结婚，婚礼，食物和吃的食物等等.从这个案例中，引导学生在学习文化和文化比较的方式.学生应该认识到，有既有相似之处，文化的差异。文化其实是非常有活力的和普遍的。 Case 2：
White Dress Case analysis： The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text。 Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath。 Culture is like the water a fish swims in： people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.
印度女人可能会认为婚礼是一个葬礼，如果他们看到白色长衫西部新娘。案件反映在文本中明喻和暗喻。文化就像一座冰山:我们可以找出妇女在不同文化所穿的衣服的颜色,但我们不知道下面的值。文化是像鱼一样游在水：人们穿着不同颜色的礼服不同的环境，但他们通常认为理所当然，从来没有问为什么。 Case 3:
The French in North America Case analysis: The French were able to see Indian behavior only in the light of their own hierarchical social system, where it is natural for the few to command and the many to obey. Social systems that worked on other principles were literally unimaginable.
法国人只能看到印度的行为，只有在他们自己的层次的社会制度,在那里是很自然的为数不多的指挥和许多服从.在其他原则上工作的社会系统是不可想象的. Case 4：
Coconut—skating Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned。 People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping 大学英语跨文化案例分析 from her own culture. 案例体现了文化的特征.我们可以从文化是普遍的和它的学习的情况。人们可以发明的东西，不同的方式，即使是简单的问题，拖地.菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式拖离自己的文化 Case 5:
A Black Girl’s Identity Case analysis: Although we may say that identities are constituted by our communication， it is obvious from the case that we cannot simply choose at any moment what our identity will be regardless of the context. First， we often do not share the recipe for certain identities with others even if we belong to the same ethnicity， gender， or nationality。 Understanding this can help us avoid some of the broad assumptions made about groups of people based on the reflective way of thinking。 Second, as we learned in the very first chapter, all meaning in communication is to some extent situational。 Thus， the context mediates what identities we can choose. Sometimes one may have no control over， such as age or skin color, are seen as essential parts of how one communicates an identity。
尽管我们可能说，身份是由我们的沟通，很明显的情况下,我们不能简单地选择随时将不管我们的身份背景。首先，我们通常不与他人分享特定身份的秘诀即使我们属于同一种族,性别或国籍。理解这个可以帮助我们避免一些关于群体的广泛的假设基于反射的思维方式.其次，在第一章，我们学习了沟通的意义都是在某种程度上的态势。因此，调节上下文中我们可以选择什么身份.有时你可能无法控制,如年龄或肤色，被视为如何通信身份的重要部分。 Case 6
Hippies Case analysis： Hippies could be defined as a subgroup, as the hippies culture tends to be temporary。 In modern American society, hippies culture could also find traits, but it has wide spread influence on American value system.
嬉皮士可以被定义为一组,如嬉皮士文化往往是暂时的。在现代美国社会，嬉皮士文化也可以找到的特征，但它具有广泛的传播美国价值观的影响. Case 7
Clean up the Bathroom！ Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways。 The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication。 This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others， so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you.
文化差异决定了两个学生以不同的方式进行交流。中国的学生希望美国的学生理解他的话的基本手段，但美国学生是用来直接的沟通方式.这是由文化决定的。在中国文化中，人们想保存自己和他人的面子，所