高考英语考点 77虚拟语气
考点七十七虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
?If he has time, he will come. 如果他有时间，他会来的。
?He won’t succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。
如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：
?If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
?If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
?If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句
1．省略if形式的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。
?Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。
?Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter)，I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.
如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。
2．混合虚拟语气
若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。
?If she had followed the doctor's words，she would feel better now.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词but for，otherwise，or等中。
?Without music(＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
?I'm really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwise＝if I were not so busy) 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂would/ should/could/might + 动词原形＂。
?I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。
?I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。
?I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。
2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂should + 动词原形＂，should可省略。常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend，insist，order，require，advise，demand，command，ask，request，propose等。
?He suggested that we (should) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。
?The doctor advised that he (should) change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
3. 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
?I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。
?I would rather you had been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。
4．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。
?It’s high time that we devoted o urselves to environmental protection.
是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
5．as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
?They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。
6．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
?Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice！
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
1. (浙江) Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.
A was
B be
C were
D is
2. (重庆)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
3.(辽宁Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he something instead of just talking.)
A. will do
B. has done
C. do
D. did
【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；
2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；
3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do。
1.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught
B. caught
C. have caught
D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
2.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had
B. will have
C. would have had
D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
3.【2018·江苏】2
4. It’s strange that he _______
have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）
4.（2017?江苏）_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were
B. Were it
C. It was
D. Was it
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
5.（2017?天津）—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been
B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t
D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。”根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
6.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put
B. were put
C. should be put
D. would be put
【答案】A
试题分析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
一单句语法填空
1．I wish that I______________(go) with you to see the film last night.
2．Without electricity，our life____________(be) quite different today.
3．I am a poor man now. If I________(have) money，I______________(buy) a large house. 4．If she had been more careful，she___________________(not make) these mistakes in the exam. 5．I think people__________________(believe) my story if I were not so young.
6．The man insisted that he____________(do) his best and___________(not blame) for the failure. 7．But for the rain，we____________(have) a pleasant journey the other day.
8．If I ________(am) you，I would give that patient a hug.
9．It is raining so heavily. If the rain___________(stop) this afternoon，we could go out for a walk. 10．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he__________(be) badly wounded and that he_________(operate) on at once.
二语法填空
If you are interested in getting university education in China and ____41____(run) of the university program, you may need to register in the high school. Starting your education at high school level in China gives you an advantage since you will be well ___42___(prepare) before joining the university. You will have learnt Chinese Mandarin(普通话)_____43_____will make your daily conversations smooth. You will also have familiarized with the surrounding, making ____44____easy to get your way around.
With a high school admission, you will also _____45_____(introduce) to a Chinese way of learning and education at ____46____early age. Getting a high school ____47____(admit) in China is easy. You only need to look for schools which are offering high school education to the international students. Most of them offer instructions both in English _____48_____Chinese. Choose a right environment that will allow you to learn the local language, choose an area that is ____49____(convenience) to you and select a school that allows a foreign student to _____50_____(easy) adapt to a new culture.
情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词＋have done 用法
must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done
can/could have done 本来能够做某事但却未做
可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t have done
不可能做过某事
may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情
考点七十七 虚拟语气
参考答案
高考考点问诊
1答案：B 。解析：recommend 表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should 可省略。
2答案：A 。解析：由语境可知，as if 引导的从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
3答案：D 。解析： “It’s (high/about) time that…”句型中，that 从句谓语动词要用一般去时表示虚拟语气。 单句语法填空
1. had gone
2. would be
3. had ；would buy
4. wouldn’t have made
5. would believe
6. had done ；not be blamed
7. would have had
8. were
9. were to stop/should stop/stopped 10. was ；(should) be operated
语法填空 41. 【小题41】 running
42. 【小题42】prepared
43. 【小题43】which
44. 【小题44】it
45. 【小题45】be introduced
46. 【小题46】an
47. 【小题47】admission
48. 【小题48】and
49. 【小题49】convenient
50. 【小题50】easily
【解析】本文为介绍说明文。文章指出如果你对中国的大学教育感兴趣或者正在进行大学项目的学习，那么你也许应该先到高中去历练一下。
41. 考查非谓语动词。根据空前and及句意可知，此处与getting为并列成分，充当介词in的宾语，应使用ing形式。故填running
42. 考查词性转化。根据句意“在上大学之前，你将做好充分的准备”可知，此处应使用形容词“准备好的”。故填prepared。
43. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是Chinese Mandarin ，连词在从句中作主语。故填which。
44. 考查it作形式宾语。make sth. adj.“让某事怎么样”，分析句子成分可知，此处真正的宾语是to get your way around，设空处为形式宾语。故填it。
45. 考查动词语态。句意：随着高中入学, 在较小的年龄时，你也将被引入中国的学习和教育方式中。根据句意可知，此处应使用被动语态。故填be introduced。
46. 考查不定冠词。此处指“在一个较小的年龄”，early是元音音素开头的词。故填an。
47. 考查词性转化。根据上文的a high school admission可知，此处指“在中国上高中是容易的”，应使用admit 的名词形式。故填admission。
48. 考查固定搭配。词组搭配：both A and B“A和B都……”。故填and。
49. 考查词性转化。分析句子成分可知，此处为表语，意为“便捷的、方便的”。故填convenient。
50. 考查词性转化。此处修饰动词adapt，应使用副词形式。故填easily。