高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Bamboo is one of the world's most useful plants. For thousands of years, bamboo has been used in many different ways-from food to medicine to clothing and, in small ways, as a building material.

However, bamboo is not often used as a building material in the developed world. A professor at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania is trying to change that. The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo.They are testing how much pressure or weight it can take before breaking.

Kent Harries is a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Harries says that testing methods for bamboo need to be the same for all. They need to be standardized. Standardizing test methods for bamboo will help to bring the plant into common use. It will also give engineers and builders around the world a dependable standard.

Harries says that bamboo is strong in nature. The strength of at least three species of bamboo is similar to steel.Besides its strength, bamboo has other features that make it very useful in building. He says it is resilient(有弹力的), meaning it keeps its shape and strength even under pressure.

Bamboo also grows quickly. Bamboo that is suitable for construction needs much less resources than wood. The harvest cycle of bamboo is about 3 years. Softwoods such as cedar, pine and spruce have a harvest cycle of about 10 years. And hardwoods that come from flowering plants such as oak and walnut need more than 30 years.

Bamboo is widely used as food for panda bears. It is also used for flooring and window covers. However, for building, bamboo is not used much outside its native growing area. This is mostly because of its round shape. But there are other reasons too. People think -- or have the mentality--that bamboo is a low quality building material.

（1）What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?

A. Make bamboo a common building material.

B. Take advantage of bamboo in our everyday.

C. Consider bamboo to be a common plant.

D. Use bamboo to replace building materials.（2）What is the purpose of what Kent Harries and his students did?

A. To prove what is the most useful plant.

B. To introduce bamboo to the developed world.

C. To give engineers and builders some advice.

D. To make sure of the strength of bamboo.（3）What does Harries think of bamboo in the passage?

A. Harries sees bamboo as a great building material.

B. Harries thinks bamboo is as strong as steel.

C. Harries sees bamboo as the most ideal Plant.

D. Harries thinks bamboo has the reliable shape.

（4）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Bamboo is an environmentally friendly building material.

B. Bamboo material will go to the market in the soon future.

C. Hardwoods are much more popular than softwoods.

D. Bamboo grows not only faster but

takes up less space.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。几千年来，竹子被广泛地应用于各个方面，然而，在发达国家，竹子并没有经常地被应用于建筑领域。Kent Harries 教授试图改变这一点。他和他的学生们测试了竹子的受压力量。Kent Harries 教授认为是一种很好的建筑材料。(1)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了Kent Harries和他的学生所做的实验，实验的目的是测试竹子能否当作建筑材料来使用。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo．”可知，教授和他的学生做实验的目的是测试竹子的承受力，故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段可知，Kent Harries认为竹子结实、有弹力、能承受压力，是有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的观点是竹子是种很好的建筑材料。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，竹子长得很快，其生长为三年，而针叶木材则需10年，阔叶树时间更长，由此可知，竹子是种很环保的建筑材料。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?

Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the "out of sight, out of mind" principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.

The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.

Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place.

Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.

The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don't try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.

（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that ________.

A. people have unlimited self-control

B. high motivation ensures one's success

C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted

D. too many temptations often lead to failure （2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. make use of B. run out of C. build D. increase

（3）The author compares self—control to muscles ________.

A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower

B. to show the significance of regular exercise

C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up

D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control

（4）To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?

A. "I will give up dessert and do exercise."

B. "I will set three goals this new semester."

C. "I will read an English novel every month."

D. "I will keep myself from any temptation."

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.”可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down."可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出"tap into"指利用，与make use of同义。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.”可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作

肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.”可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项"I will read an English novel every month."是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more.

Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation(解释). They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, it increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects.

In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was "important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience" in order to find solutions to creative problems.

Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several word-associated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to come up with a word that would be associated with all three given terms—like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered.

When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compared to the performance they showed in the morning.

（1）What does "it" refer to in the second paragraph?

A. The effect.

B. REM.

C. Sleep.

D. A problem.

（2）Why do the researchers study the REM?

A. Because REM takes place just after you sleep.

B. Because REM can store more information.

C. Because REM can help find creative solutions

D. Because REM can make a creative invention.

（3）What can we know from this passage?

A. Taking a short nap is good for your thinking during the day.

B. Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity.

C. Each adult was allowed to sleep after the task was given.

D. REM is a process taking place right after we awake when we nap.

（4）The important stage in the study is________.

A. to think of a creative word

B. to show a group of 3 words

C. to give participants time to think

D. to let some participants sleep for a while

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章讲述了科学研究发现，睡眠能大大提高我们的创造力。

( 1 )词义猜测题。根据前一句They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep可知，it指代REM，选B。

( 2 )细节理解题。根据倒数第三段scientists made a conclusion that the REM was "important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience” in order to find sol utions to creative problems.可知，科学家之所以研究这个时期是因为这个时期对于找到创造性问题的解题办法是重要的，这个时期会将新信息消化为经验，故答案为C。

( 3 )细节理解题。根据最后一段When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier.可知，小睡一会之后会让人有更好的表现。故选A。

( 4 )推理判断题。根据倒数第二段It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered.可知，研究很重要的一个阶段就是要让参加者睡一会，然后来扫描他们大脑看看他们进入的睡眠阶段。选D。

4．阅读理解

Most people know that listening to music when they are feeling down or depressed can encourage their spirits.

However studies have also shown that music, especially certain tones can reduce stress. Music can change brainwave patterns, deepen breathing, and bring on a totally stress-free and more open mindset（心态）. Using music to relax when considering a particular problem may not

only raise your mood, but also could help you reach that "a-ha"moment and find a solution.

Music has also been shown not only to make you feel good, but also, to be a great motivator. For example, during exercise, listening to music can keep you going, or get you to exercise more by helping you to ignore negative feelings of tiredness and focus on the pleasurable feelings you get from being absorbed in the music.

Music is mainly used to record emotion. When we listen to a piece of music we share the artist's feelings on a visceral（本来的）level. That can be sad, and who among us hasn't put on a painful love song to share in the misery after a bad break-up? On the contrary, we can share in the delight of songs of joy and happiness, or any song or piece of music that reminds us of a particular happy time in our past.

So next time you are feeling down, put on Beethoven' s Ode to Joy, I bet you will feel a lot better about whatever it was that was bothering you!

（1）We can infer from the first paragraph that music can

A. benefit you in many ways

B. promote you to find more questions

C. change the patterns of your lifestyle

D. influence your attention to a problem

（2）The author wrote the second paragraph mainly to

A. tell us a story

B. make some comments

C. give us an example

D. list some facts （3）When we enjoy a piece of sad music,

A. we'll share the artist's feelings deeply

B. we may recall our miserable past

C. we may be reminded of particular joy

D. we'll show mercy on the artist's life

（4）What's the best title of the text?

A. What music means to a music lover

B. Why people love happy music

C. What kind of music is popular

D. How music changes your life

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐怎样改变人们的生活。

（1）考查推理判断题。根据第一段Most people know that listening to music when they are feeling down or depressed can encourage their spirits.可知音乐对我们有积极的作用，故答案选A。

（2）考查主旨大意题。通读第二段主要将了音乐能缓解人的紧张，接着通过举例的方法来证明这一观点，所以这一段主要是在举例。故答案选C。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据第四段Music is mainly used to record emotion. When we listen to a piece of music we share the artist's feelings on a visceral（本来的）level. That can be sad, and who among us hasn't put on a painful love song to share in the misery after a bad break-up?可知音乐是用来记录情感的，听悲伤的音乐可以让人回忆起悲伤的经历。故答案选B。（4）考查主旨大意题。根据每一段的第一句话music, especially certain tones can reduce stress；Music has also been shown not only to make you feel good, but also, to be a great motivator.；Music is mainly used to record emotion.可知文章主要讲述了音乐对人的影响，故

答案选D。

【点评】主旨大意题解题技巧：1．首先要找出文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，即中心思想，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句(Developing Details)，是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。2．在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

5．阅读理解

Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. Nearly 60,000 young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines not meant for them, according to a new report from Safe Kids Worldwide.

The report finds little connection between what parents know about storing medicines safely and what they actually do. Nine out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and away out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that. They leave medicines out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing babies and toddlers(学步者)aren't tall enough or strong enough to reach them. Unfortunately, they probably can. Children as young as a month have ended up in an emergency department because they'd been poisoned by getting into a medicine that was left within reach.

Most poisonings related to medicines---particularly among babies and toddlers---occur within their home. Kids develop rapidly and they want to explore their environment. At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it's very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.

The new Safe Kids worldwide report includes a survey of 2,000 parents with children under age 6. While the number of children visiting an emergency department for accidental poisonings had declined since the 2010 maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years.

Prescription and over-the-counter medicines cause the most severe poisonings, but vitamins and supplements(补充品)can also cause problems. There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an accidental medicine poisoning.

（1）Why are children poisoned according to the text?

A. Some of the medicines at home taste nice.

B. There is something poisonous in medicines.

C. Kids have easy access to medicines at home..

D. Kids are curious to explore the environment

（2）What can we learn from the text?

A. Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids.

B. The team made a survey of 2,000 kids under age 6.

C. 600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly.

D. Kids are usually smart at storing medicines at home.

（3）What could be the best title for the text?

A. Parents' Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Poisoned

B. The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately

C. Nearly 60,000 Children Are Poisoned by Medicines

D. Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，介绍了由于父母存放药品不当导致孩子药物中毒的调查结果。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it's very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.”在一定的年龄,他们有很多的手和嘴活动,所以他们很容易去探索他们的环境,然后尝试品尝他们发现的东西在家里,他们很容易碰到药品，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. ”父母可能会认为他们很聪明，他们在哪里储存药品，但他们的孩子更聪明。故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“Most poisonings related to medicines---particularly among babies and toddlers---occur within their home.”很多中毒事件是发生在家中的，再根据文章大意，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

You may think that the story of Pygmalion (《卖花女》, 1913) --- in which people are judged by the way they talk --- is something that only existed in the days of British high society. But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hanson, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 years.

In a BBC radio program, Hanson released a list of common words used in British English that could reveal whether a person is "common" or "fashionable".

And yet here comes the interesting part: While some of us might go through life using fancy words, dressing in ways that make us appear more well-off than we really are, there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as "normal" instead of "showy".

Beatrice, for example, is a New Yorker who inherited (继承) millions of dollars. She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.

"We don't want that 'Wow'." said Scott, also a New Yorker, who had just inherited over $50 million. "We're just not the type of people who wear it on our sleeve."

（1）What does William Hanson find?

A. People failed to judge others' manner.

B. People judge others by their way of talking.

C. People tend to use more polite words.

D. People meet impolite persons frequently.

（2）What do rich people prefer to do?

A. To hide their riches.

B. To earn more money.

C. To think highly of their wealth.

D. To judge others by their wealth.

（3）Why did Beatrice remove the price tags on her clothes?

A. To show off her fashion sense.

B. To change people's attitude to rich people.

C. To pretend to be normal.

D. To avoid making people around her uncomfortable.

（4）What does "it" in the last sentence mean?

A. The price tag.

B. The brand label.

C. The inheritance contract.

D. The Times magazine.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，揭示如今人们依然会从你的说话用词上来判断你是“普通的”还是“时髦的”。

（1考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hanson, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 y ears.”可知，William Hanson认为我们现在仍旧如同以前一样通过人们讲话的方式来判断一个人。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“…there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as 'normal' instead of 'showy'”可知，富人更喜欢隐藏起他们的财富。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.”可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。故选D。

（4）考查代词指代。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。因此推断Scott说：我们不想要那些“Wow”，我们不是那种袖子上戴着商标的人。此处的“we”指的是Beatrice和Scott，故it指的是价格标签。故案选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Imagine yourself on the other side of the college admissions desk. It's not so glorious, apparently. At the very least, you need to be good-natured. Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most. He sent out a request to members of the National Association for College Admissions Counselors and received hundreds of responses. Apparently, college admissions officers were waiting for an opportunity to unload their frustrations. The responses fall into several areas:

Communication

Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as "im w8ing 4 some1 2 call me."

Leaving a message with just a first name and no telephone number. For example, "Hi, this is Suzie. Please call me back."

Acting distracted during a one-on-one interview; nervous habits like foot-tapping or "um", "like" and "you know", which make a bad situation worse.

Not responding to emails from the admissions office.

Over-involved parents

The very common comment from parents, "We are in the process of completing applications." Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.

Essays

Not identifying which question they are responding to.

Writing about something they were great at in the seventh grade but haven't pursued since then.

（1）What is the purpose of the text?

A. To complain about the process of college application.

B. To provide tips for college students in achieving high grades.

C. To list unwelcome behaviors in college application.

D. To prove that admission officers are under great pressure.

（2）Which behavior may leave admission consolers a bad impression?

A. To use inappropriate and incomplete language.

B. To leave a complete telephone number.

C. To focus on the interview and stay calm.

D. To reply to e-mails quickly.

（3）What should parents avoid doing in an interview?

A. Letting kids to fill in the application form.

B. Attending the interview on time.

C. Getting dressed neatly for the interview.

D. Answering questions for their kids.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学生申请大学时出现的一些令招生人员烦恼的不好的行为。

（1）考查写作目的。根据第一段中的“Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most.”和“The responses fall into several areas:”可推断，文章的写作目的是为读者列出在申请大学时不受欢迎的行为。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据● Communication部分中的“Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as “im w8ing 4 somel 2 call me.”可知，使用不合适的和不完整的语言会给招生人员留下不好的印象。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据● Over-involved parents部分中的“Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.”可知，父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作目的两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Castle Dale is a small town in central Utah. My grandpa's farm is a few miles to the north. I grew up there. Milking a cow, feeding the chickens and cutting firewood were daily routines. Grandpa had me carrying a broom to do snow cleaning when it was actually taller than I was. This was the work kids like me learned to do at a young age.

I was tall, very tall at a really young age. My unusual height caused people to look, ask questions, laugh, tease, and sometimes even challenge me to fight. I was teased cruelly as a kid. It wasn't fair, I knew, but that was just the way it was. Luckily, I was taught at a very young age a very important lesson. I am different and that's Okay—I'm unique and I matter. No one could ever take that away from me. I knew this then, and I know this now. That alone helped me through the frustrations and heartaches of normal life.

When I was in junior high school, I realized something else that helped me cope. Most teasing came from one of two places—people who were either jealous or ignorant (愚昧). I couldn't change the way they were, but I could change the way I felt. I was not going to feel bad because of their ignorance or jealousy. It wasn't worth it. Realizing this didn't stop them, or change the fact that these comments hurt. It did, however, give me a way to understand these people and deal with their treatment in a way that was okay for me.

These things still happen today. It will probably happen the rest of my life. I will always be 7 feet, 6 inches (2.29 meters) tall. I wouldn't change that for anything. People will always look because it is not every day that you see someone that tall. I learned that at a young age and I now try to teach my own children that they are unique and they matter. That is the message I give to you. Regardless of your race, religion, background, or circumstances ... Being different is okay.

（1）The author mentioned his hometown to show us _______.

A. he is from an ordinary family

B. his grandpa is strict with him

C. he loves this lovely small town

D. he had to do a lot of labor work

（2）The author was often teased because _______.

A. he grew up in a small town

B. he was much taller than others

C. he fought with people easily

D. he didn't want people to watch him

（3）What was the author's attitude towards being teased?

A. He accepted the fact of being different and let it go.

B. He felt angry failing to change others' opinions.

C. He felt hurt hearing people's negative comments.

D. He hated people's ignorance and jealousy.

（4）Which of the following may best describe the theme of the passage?

A. Everything comes to the man who waits.

B. It is the first step that is troublesome.

C. Speech is silver, silence is gold.

D. Keep your head up.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从小到大由于身高的特殊性受到了很多嘲笑和欺辱，但是作者并未此而感到沮丧．反而认识到不管一个人的种族、宗教、背景或者所处的环境如何，与众不同也是一种生活态度。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ Castle Dale is a small town in central Utah”Castle Dale 是“我”的家乡，然后介绍了“我”在祖父的农场长大每天做了很多杂事：给奶牛挤奶，喂鸡、砍柴火等；暗示出从小我来自于一个普通的家庭，并没有表现出特殊的地方。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“My unusual height caused people to look，ask questions，laugh，tease，and sometimes even challenge me to fight．”提到“我”从小身高特别高经常受到周围人的嘲笑。故案选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I am different and that's Okay—I'm unique and I matter. No one could ever take that away from me. I knew this then, and I know this now. “可知“我”自小虽然与众不同，但是从内心接受自己．以及最后一段中的“Rega rdless of your race, religion, background, or circumstances ... Being different is okay. ”可知，“我”走自己的路让别人说去吧！故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。从整篇文章内容来看，主要描述“我”从小到大由于身高的原因而与众不同，并受到周围人的取笑。但是“我”并为此感到自卑和沮丧，反而勇敢的接受自己并乐观地积极面对。Keep your head up．“把头抬起来”形象描述了“我”的心理状态，符合题意。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

"The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men," argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the "Great Man Theory of History." This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle's theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.

As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you'll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I'll occasionally read a novel, but I've never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester's The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.

Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an

surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You'll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester's Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.

Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill's saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.

This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number.

（1）What is implied in the first paragraph?

A. The author finds Carlyle's theory undebatable.

B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.

C. It is debatable whether one should read great men's biographies.

D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.

（2）What does the underlined phrase "other items" in the third paragraph refer to?

A. good biographies

B. stories of certain times

C. the volumes of The Last Lion

D. the chapters of the British Empire

（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.

B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.

C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.

D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies.

（4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?

A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.

B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.

C. To present great men's history through biography reading.

D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times"可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词"go back to，had unique influence on their times"，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual

the way at what other items grab your attention. "可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。故判断出第三段划线的"other items"指的是某个时期的故事。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life"以及第三段" Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world."可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。故A选项"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快"是正确的。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"First, I find good biographies fascinating."；第三段中的"Second, I find good biographies informative."；第四段中的"Third, I find good biographies relaxing." 以及最后段"This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number."可知，首先，我觉得好的传记很吸引人。我发现好的传记信息丰富。我发现好的传记让人放松。这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记，以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。可知，作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:

Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.

Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.

Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military

machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.

（1）What is Scientist B worried about?

A. AI technology will destroy the earth.

B. Computers can't think by themselves.

C. Robots will take the place of humans.

D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.（2）What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.

B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.

C. “Murderbots” can't decide by themselves.

D. “Murderbots” will be against humans' orders.

（3）Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?

A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.

B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.

C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.

D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.

（4）Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?

A. Scientist A

B. Scientist B

C. Scientists B & C

D. Scientists B & A

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。

(2)考查代词指代。由画线句上文内容可知，自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令，这将决定谁杀死谁，因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德的，非常危险的。故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多；根据第三段中的“there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能

消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem, several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro, an orange juice producer, to donate part of their forestland to a national park. In return, Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of waste in the form of orange peels (皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost. Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, so the proposal was very attractive.

But a year later, another juice company challenged the deal in court, arguing that their competitor was “polluting a national park”. They ended up winning, an d the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through.

Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier. What he found shocked him.

“While I would walk over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields, I'd have to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines (藤) in the orange peel site itself.” said Timothy Treuer.

Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples (样品), analyzing and comparing them. They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.

The effect that the orange peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with composting (施肥), but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and stopped it from going forward. Now that Timothy Treuer's study has received worldwide attention, this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.

（1）What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels?

A. Add them to fuel.

B. Throw them into a national park.

C. Bum or bury them.

D. Make them into cakes.

（2）What can we know about the deal between Del Oro and the national park?

A. It lasted 15 years.

B. It was signed by Treuer.

C. It was made in about 1998.

D. It was broken by Del Oro.

（3）What was Treuer's finding?

A. Orange peels contain much fibre.

B. Orange peels can make soil richer.

C. Orange peels rot away in a short time.

D. Orange waste ruined the national park.

（4）What is the author's attitude toward the judge mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Disapproving. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Admirable.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。

（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, 可知，之前处理橘子皮一般要烧掉或花钱请人掩埋掉。故答案为C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier.可以推断出，15年前Del Oro与national park 达成协议，往公园里倾倒橘子皮，但一年后由于其他果汁公司的挑战终止了。故答案为C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章第五段They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.可知，他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的地土壤更丰富。故答案为B。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and slopped it from going f orward.可知，这位法官认为橘子皮毁坏了公园的发展，而作者在文中最后一句话this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.指出，研究表明，橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机，所以作者不赞成法官的观点。故答案为A。

【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧：

1）语义转换题--跳读查找法：根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

2）生活应用题--常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。

3）细节排序题--首尾定位法：根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

4）寻找信息题--题干定位法：寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。

12．阅读理解

Tired of Neck Pain? We are proud to offer a gadget- Neck Massager- that will relieve your back and neck pain instantly! How does Neck Massager work?

The reason why Neck Massager is so effective is definitely its innovative, scientific, time-tested methods that it uses to target the aching areas of your body and bring you long-awaited relief. Not only does this well-designed device reduce pain and tension, but also it improves your mood and overall health! Only the 2 AAA batteries will make sure that you can use it whenever tension strikes!

People are already enjoying the benefits of Neck Massager:

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I'm not so good with tech, so I was nervous about figuring out how to use it, but this device is so simple to use that even someone like me had absolutely no problem. I have started to sleep better as well, and that was one of the most surprising benefits of the Neck Massager!- Pat Sullivan

How much is it?

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No pills, no doctor appointments, no wasted time-you can now feel great in your own home!

IMPORTANT INFORMATION! "As of February 12, 2020, you can still get a Neck Massager with DISCOUNT!"

（1）What makes Neck Massager so effective?

A.Its working methods.

B.Its well-designed look.

C.The 2 AAA batteries.

D.The long working time.

（2）What does Pat Sullivan think of the device?

A.It is light.

B.It is oversized.

C.It is simple to use.

D.It is safe to operate.

（3）How much will you have to pay if you buy one in March,2020?

A.￡23.

B.￡46.

C.￡69.

D.￡92.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款能够缓解背部和颈部疼痛的按摩器——Neck Massager，介绍了其工作方法、用户评价以及价格等信息。

（1）考查细节理解。根据How does Neck Massager work?部分中的“The reason why Neck Massager is so effective is definitely its innovative, scientific, time-tested methods that it uses to target the aching areas of your body and bring you long-awaited relief.”颈部按摩之所以如此有效的原因无疑是它的创新、科学、久经考验的方法，它可以针对你身体疼痛的部位，给你带来期待已久的缓解，可知，Neck Massager的工作方法让它非常有效果。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据People are already enjoying the benefits of Neck Massager部分中的“I'm not so good with tech, so I was nervous about figuring out how to use it, but this device is so simple to use that eve n someone like me had absolutely no problem.”我对技术不是很在行，所以我对如何使用它感到很紧张，但是这个设备使用起来很简单，即使是像我这样的人也完全没有问题，可知，Pat Sullivan认为这个设备使用起来很简单。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据How much is it?部分中的“It's now available 50% OFF, which means you're able to get it for only ￡46!”现在有五折优惠，这意味着你只需花46英镑就能买到它！可知，如果你在2020年3月买一台，你要付46/50%=92英镑。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Automatic dishwashers have been around for more than 100 years. It started in 1886 with Josephine Cochrane, a woman in Shelbyville, Illinois. She was a rich woman who could afford servants to wash her dishes, so she really didn't mind the work. What she did mind was that her servants broke the dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party the servants broke more of her expensive dishes.

Finally, Cochrane took action. First, she measured her dishes and bent wire into racks to hold them. Next, she put the racks on a wheel in a large copper boiler. Then, the boiler sprayed hot, soapy water on the dishes as a motor turned the wheel. After a hot water rinse(冲洗), the dishes were clean!

Josephine Cochrane's friends were impressed with the machine and asked her to build more. After that, word got out fast. Soon hotel and restaurant owners who didn't like broken dishes also were interested. Cochrane then knew that she had a wonderful machine, so she received a patent from the government, which said that only the inventor can make money from an invention. Then in 1893 Chicago held a World's Fair where inventions from all over the world

were shown. Cochrane's labor-saving machine was a big hit. Her dishwasher won the highest award.

Cochrane's company came out with a smaller machine in 1914. It was supposed to be for the ordinary home, but it wasn't an immediate success. Many homes couldn't produce the extremely hot water it needed. Also, in most homes, dishwashing wasn't considered very difficult compared to most other housework. In fact some people liked to relax at the sink after a hard day! Sales of the home model finally picked up in the 1950s when people had more money and wanted to have more time to enjoy themselves. Now many homes have electric dishwashers that aren't very different from the one Josephine Cochrane invented more than 100 years ago.

（1）Why did Josephine Cochrane invent the dishwasher?

A.To reduce the number of servants.

B.To avoid possible damage to the dishes.

C.To host more dinner parties.

D.To make the dishes cleaner.

（2）What does the underlined words in Paragraph 3 suggest?

A.The machine wasn't as efficient as described.

B.Josephine Cochrane could no longer keep it a secret.

C.Josephine's friends soon began to talk about the new machine.

D.The invention drew immediate attention of the public.

（3）The smaller machine became popular only when_____.

A.people's living conditions improved

B.hot water was not needed

C.housework became easier

D.people had more relaxing jobs

（4）Compared with Cochrane's invention, modern electric dishwashers _____.

A.cost less money

B.are quite different

C.wash many other things

D.are much the same

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自动洗碗机的历史由来。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“What she did mind was that her servants broke the dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party the servants broke more of her expensive dishes. ”她所介意的是她的仆人打破了餐具。她举办了几次宴会，每次宴会之后，仆人们都打破了她昂贵的餐具。为了避免打破她的餐具，后来Josephine Cochrane发明了自动洗碗机，故选B。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Josephine Cochrane's friends were impressed with the machine and asked her to build more. ”Josephine Cochrane的朋友们对这台机器印象深刻，并