组胚期末试卷2答案

2006-2007学年春季学期

2006级护理专业《组织学与胚胎学》考试试卷

B卷评分标准及参考答案

一．将下列专业术语翻译成英文：（每题1分，共20分）

1. cilia

2. splenic sinusoid

3. lymphoid tissue

4. hyaline Cartilage blood plate

5. plasma cells sarcomere

6. myofibrils

7. neurofibrils. 8. bone lacuna

9. eepidermis 10. chromophil cells

11. portal area 12.intercalated disc

13. acidophils 14. distal convoluted tubule

15. interstitial cells 16. primary follicles

17. bronchi 18. blastocyst

19. trilaminar germ disc 20.primary septum in the atrium

二. 填空题：（共30分）

1．cells, fibers and ground substances（3分）

2．cartilage, bone and blood cells.（3分）

3．tunic intima, tunica media and tunica adventitial （3分）

4．splenic cords and splenic sinuses（2分）

5．continuous, Fenestrated and Sinusoidal capillaries（3分）

6．follicle cells and Parafollicle cells（2分）

7．The epithelium and lamina propria（2分）

8．mucosa, submucosa , muscular external and serosa（4分）

9．mucus, serous mixed acini （3分）.

10．hypoblast and epiblast（2分）

11．mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct（2分）

12. Urogenital sinus and primitive rectum

三．名词解释（每小题2分，共10分）：

1．Synapse are highly specialized intercellular junctions(1) which link the neurons of each nervous pathway. It is composed of presynapse bouton, synapse cleft and postsynaptic elements in electron microscope(1).

2. Sarcomere: It is the repetitive subunit of the contractile unit (1). It situates between two consecutive Z-bands (1 marks).it composed of 1/2 I band, A band and 1/2 I band(1).

3. Main gastric gland: The main gastric glands are present in the fundus and body of the Stomach. It is subdivided into three parts, namely neck, body and base. The following varieties of cells are present in the glands(1). (A) chief cell, (B) The oxyntic or parietal cells, (C)mucous neck cells, (D)Endocrine cells,(E)Some undifferentiated cells (stem cells)(1)

4. Glomerular Filtration Barrier: the microstucture between glomerular and Glomerular capsule(1). It is composed of: fenestrated endothelium, glomerular

basement membrane, glomerular slit diaphragm which cover the slit between the secondary processes of podocyte(1)

5. Primitive streak: In the 15TH day of the embryo, some cells on the tail near central axon of the germ disc undergo the more proliferation and migrate to form the elevation (1 mark), which named the primitive streak. The primitive streak migrates and then induce the mesoderm and endoderm ( 1 mark).

四．问答题：（共40分）

1. Describe the type and distribution of covering epithelium (10分)

Simple epithelia (0.5)

A.simple squamous epithelium(1.5)

Endothelium:blood vessels

Mesothelium:lining of the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities.

Other type: lining the lung alveoli or Bowman’s capsule of the kidney.

B.simple cuboidal epithelium: thyroid gland (1.5)

C.simple columnar epithelium: small intestine(1.5)

E.Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium: trachea(1.5)

Stratified epithelia (0.5):

⑴stratified squamous epithelium (1.5)

Non-keratinized: eg. oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus etc.

Keratinized: eg. skin (epidermis)

⑵ transitional epithelium: urinary bladder(1.5)

(3)stratified cuboidal epithelium

(4) Stratified columnar epithelium

2．Describe microstructure of hepatic lobules.(10分）

A.Hepatic cords(1): It consists of arranged one or two hepatic cell lines which are surrounding the central vein. Each hepatocyte is a large cell with a round central nucleus(1)with prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm is prominent(1).

B.The hepatic sinusoids(1) are lined by an endo thelium in which there are numerous pores (fenestrae)(1). A basement membrane is not seen. Interspersed amongst the endothelial cells there are hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells)(1).

C.Pe risinusoidal space(1) The surface of the liver cell is separated from the endothelial lining of the sinusoid by a narrow perisinusoidal space (of Disse). Microvilli, present on the liver cells, extend into this space(1).

D.Bile canaliculi(1):These canaliculi have no walls of their own. They are merely spaces present between plasma membranes of adjacent liver cells(1).

3. Describe microstructure of lung alveoli（8分）.

Alveoli are specialized saclike structure that make up the greater part of the lungs(1).These are thin walled polyhedral sacs(1). The alveoli are lined by simple squamous epithelium(1), with two types of cells which rest on a basement membrane(1). The main support of the alveoli is provided with elastic fibres(1) Type I pneumocytes:the squamous cells, Majority of cells lining the alveoli.provide a barrier of minimal thickness that is readily permeable to gases(1.5).

Type II pneumocytes: the cuboidal, few, Type II cells secrete the surfactant which lowers surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing(1.5).

4. Describe the development of the kidney (10marks)

Pronephros(1): At the beginning of the fourth week, the pronephros is represented

by 7 to 10 solid cell groups in the cervical region of nephrogenic cord(1). Mesonephros(1): The mesonephros consist of a series of excretory tubules that develop in the thoracolumlar region. These tubules (mesonephric tubules )(0.5) drain into the nephric duct which may now are called the mesonepheric duct(0.5). Most of the mesonepheric tubules disappear, but most part of them are modified and take part in forming the duct system of the testis. but they disappear in the female. Metanephros(1):

The excretory dubules (or nephrons ) are derived from the lower part of the nephrogenic cord.This part is the metanephros, the cells of which form the metanephric blastema. A solid clump of cells is converted into a vesicle which soon becomes pear shaped and opens into the ampulla. The visicle now becomes an S-shapd tube. Its distal end comes to be invaginated by a tuft of capillaries which form a glomerulus(1). The various parts of the nephron are derived from this S-shaped tube(1).

The ureteric bud(1): the ureteric bud which arises from the lower part of the mesonephric duct where it close to its entrance to the cloaca(1). The bud penetrates the metanephric tissue, which cover the distal end of the bud as a cap. Subsequently the bud grows and dilates to form ampulla. The ampulla divides repeatdly. The first three to five generations of branches fuse to from the pelvis of the kidney.the next divisions become the major calyces while further divisions form the minor calyces and collecting tubules. The ureteric bud gives rise to the ureter, the renal pelvis, the major and minor calyces, and approximately 1 million to 3 million collecting tubules(1)