散货船配载、装卸货物操作须知

散货船配载、装卸货物操作须知 Bulk ships stowage and loading and discharging cargo operating instructions

1. 到港前的操作Operation before arrival at port 1.1. 合理配载Reasonable stowage 大副在接到航次计划后，应编制配载图，送船长审核。 After receiving the voyage plan, chief officer should prepare stowage plan, transfer it to captain for review. 1.1.1. 大副在编制配载图时，必须对船舶、货物、港口和航线的情况作充分了解，具体注意以下情况： Chief Officer in the preparation of stowage plan must completely understand the conditions about the ship, cargo, port and route, specific attention as follows: 1.1.1.1. 本船的稳性资料，干舷规定，船舶强度； Information on the ship's stability, freeboard requirements and ship strength; 1.1.1.2. 本航次最大载货重量、载货容积，最适合的稳性和吃水差，各舱装货条件； Maximum laden weight and cargo capacity of the voyage, the most suitable stability and trim, and the loading conditions of all holds. 1.1.1.3. 货物的理化性质，包装情况，装载特殊要求； The physical and chemical properties of cargos, the condition of packing, and special requirements for loading; 1.1.1.4. 港口航道水深，装卸设备及能力，有关装卸运输规定； Port channel depth, loading and unloading equipment and its capacity, the regulations for transportation; 1.1.1.5. 所要经过的航区气象情况。 Weather situation of the sailing area that would be passed. 1.1.2. 编制配载图的步骤Steps to prepare stowage plan 1.1.2.1. 核定航次货运量；Check and approve the cargo volume of the voyage; 1.1.2.2. 分配各舱载货吨数；Tonnage distribution of the cargo hold; 1.1.2.3. 向各舱安排货物；Arrangement cargos to each hold; 1.1.2.4. Test ship’s stability, trim and strength. 1.1.2.5. 检验稳性、吃水差、强度；Drawing the stowage plan 1.1.3. 配载图上要注意船名、航次、始发港、中途港、到达港及标明货物在舱内堆装位置、货物的名称、件数、重量、装货单号。In towage plan, we should pay attention to ship’s name, voyage, port of departure, intermediate port, the port of arrival and the location marked of cargo stowed in the hold, the cargo’s name, amount, weight and shipping order number. 1.2. 水手长带领水手清舱、洗舱，保持货舱清洁、干燥、无异味。 Boatswain should lead sailors to clean and wash holds to maintain the holds clean, dry and no smell. 1.3. 检查并配齐衬垫、隔票、绑扎等材料。 Check and provide enough liner, dunnage, lashing and other materials. 2. 靠泊后装货前的操作Operations before loading after berth 2.1. 电动机开舱 Open holds with electromotor 2.1.1. 水手长指挥水手开舱，一名水手负责操作启舱电动机的启停，二名水手负责钢绳拉索的挂钩，一名水手在现场传达水手长指令，协助检查开舱过程的安全工作。 Boatswain conduct sailors to open the hatches, one sailor takes charge of operating the electromotor start and stop, two sailors for hook the steel wires, another one sailor at the scene conveys Boatswain directives to assist checking the safety work of open hatches in the process. 2.1.2. 当钢绳拉索的挂钩在开启端扣挂好后，由水手长发出启舱电动机的启或停指令。 After hitching the steel rope lasso in open end of hatch well, boatswain will give directions when start or stop electromotor to open the hatch. 2.1.3. 舱盖板开启后应检查是否全部已到位。 Check whether the hatch covers stated in right place after opening. 2.2. 电动液压开舱Open holds with electro-hydraulic pump 2.2.1. 水手长开动液压泵后指挥水手开舱，由一名水手负责操作启舱液压操纵阀，由二名水手在现场传达水手长指令，协助检查开舱过程的安全工作。 After starting the hydraulic pump, boatswain commands sailors to open the hatches, one sailor takes charge of operating hydraulic control valve, two sailors at the scene convey boatswain instructions to assist checking the safety work of open hatches in the process. 2.2.2. 操纵水手接到水手长顶升指令后，先拉动顶升操纵杆，在液压泵的作用下，顶升块慢慢顶起舱盖板，使舱盖板的滚子离开凹槽，与舱口面板走道平面相平，立即使顶升杆复位。 Operational sailor, after received the instruction from boatswain, first pulls the joystick, under the effect of the hydraulic pump, the hatch cover will be lifted slowly as the block rises up so that the roller of hatch cover leaves the groove and keeps flat with the hatch cover aisle plane, which will immediately make the lifting lever reset. 2.2.3. 检查正常后，操纵者将启舱操纵杆推向启舱位置，舱盖板在油马达、链轮、链条的带动下，向开启方向移动。 If inspection for hydraulic pump is normal, the operator will push the joystick to the location of opening hatch, the hatch cover moves to the opening direction in the effect of the oil motor, sprockets, chain. 2.2.4. 舱盖板开启到位后，应加锁保险装置（对液压顶升启舱系统）。 After the hatch cover was opened in place, safety device of which should be locked (to hydraulic jacking system). 2.3. 在装运有特殊要求的危险品、大件、矿砂时，大副应与港方联系，并向货主或港方索要货物的理化特性报告，进一步核实配载情况，落实水手看舱值班制度，并提出装货时的值班安全注意事项。若大件的重量和长度超过规定，矿砂的含水量超过8%，以及所装的货物会危及船舶安全的，大副应报告船长作出拒载的决定。 When loading and transporting such cargos including dangerous cargos, bulky and ore with special requirements, the chief officer should contact with the port authority to ask the owner or port authority for reports of physical and chemical characteristics of cargos, and further verify the loading conditions, confirm the implementation system of the sailors on duty to watch holds, and propose loading safety precautions when on duty. If the weight and length of bulky cargo exceed the provisions, the moisture content of ore is more than 8%, and the loaded goods would jeopardize the safety of ships, which the chief officer should report to captain to make decision of rejection. 3. 装卸货时的操作Loading and unloading operations 3.1. 值班水手在水手长的带领下，进行轮班看舱值班。 The sailors on duty led by boatswain watch the holds by turns. 3.2. 如装运大件，要求港方按规定垫好衬垫，并加固和防移绑扎。 If shipping bulky, the port authority is required to dunnage as regulations, strengthen and lash the cargos against moving. 3.3. 若需隔票的货物，应检查隔票的完整性。 If cargos need separating, should check the separation integrity. 3.4. 装货时各舱应同时装，装货的数量比例应基本相近，保证船舶承受应力一致，切不可个别装满而其他舱空舱现象。 Every hold should simultaneously be loaded when loading, the loading amount proportion keeps similar, which ensure the ship stress consistent, it is not allowed that individual hold is full and the other one is empty. 3.5. 装货时，大副应密切注意船舶吃水的变化，及时与港方联系，改变装卸方式，保证船舶吃水差在正常值内。 When loading, the chief officer should pay close attention to changes of the ship's draft and contact with port authority in time to change the working methods, ensuring the ship trim in the normal values. 3.6. 装货时，如遇下雨应及时关舱。若有大风等恶劣天气的影响，船长应根据港口条件、大风强度及早采取措施，防止船舶与码头相碰事故。若无有效的防护措施，必须通知港口停止装卸，离开码头。