绿色荧光蛋白标记铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成的动态观察及结构定量分析

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绿色荧光蛋白标记铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成的动态

观察及结构定量分析

作者:陈波曼余加林刘官信胡琳燕李芳杨华

【摘要】

【关键词】生物膜;铜绿假单胞菌;定量分析;结构

ABSTRACT Objective To quantify the sequential development of biofilm spatial structure in biofilm process with Image Structure Analyer (ISA) software, which will provide assistant to further research on the biological behavior of

biofilm. Methods P.aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm model in vitro was constructed on glass slice and biofilm development was monitored in different time intervals (6 hours, 1 day, 3 days and 6 days). The fluorescence images stack of different layer in biofilm model were obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), based on fluorophores from PAO1 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) genetically tagged. Quantitative parameters describing biofilm

spatial structure could be acquired after the image information was calculated by ISA software. Results ①The PAO1 biofilm process was investigated successfully by CLSM after genetically tagged with GFP. ②The quantitative dat a from ISA software showed that the thickness of biofilm accumulated during biofilm growth, the rate was more obvious during the first 3 days than the latter 3 days (19.6μm vs. 6.1μm); meanwhile the areal porosity (AP) decreased from

0.98±0.01 at 6h to 0.92±0.02 at 6d, the average diffusion distance (ADD) increased slightly from 1.00±0.009 at 6h to 1.06±0.027 at 6d; the textural entropy (TE) increased from 0.7±0.08 at 6h to 4.3±0.09 at 6d. Conclusions The ISA software could provide useful information of bacterial biofilm spatial structure in PAO1 biofilm process. Quantifying bacterial biofilm structure permitsed

correlating biofilm development with biofilm performance.

KEY WORDS Biofilm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quantitative analysis; Structure

长久以来,人们对细菌的认识停留在浮游态水平上,但自然界中99%的细菌以生物膜(biofilm,BF)的形式存在。细菌BF是细菌为适应生存环境黏附惰性或活性材料表面形成的一种与浮游细胞相对应的生长方式,具有环境适应能

力更强,抵抗吞噬细胞作用,逃避宿主免疫,尤其耐药性极强等生物学特性,而BF的许多特性均与其特殊形态结构有关。铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Pa)是我国医院和社区获得性感染及重症监护病房感染的重要条件致病菌,近年来研究证明,该菌极易形成BF[1],临床上,有BF表型的Pa 往往引起难以治愈的严重感染。以往研究多采用光镜、扫描或透射电镜等观察细菌BF结构,但样本在脱水、固定、染色等处理过程中易发生结构扭曲及关系改变。本实验通过建立体外PaO1菌株BF模型,结合绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记技术,运用激光共聚焦显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscopy,CLSM)摄取BF发展成熟各阶段不同层面的图像,所获图片堆经图象结构分析(image structure analyer,ISA)软件分析,获得PAO1菌株BF发展过程相关空间结构变化的数据,以期实现对细菌BF的无损伤观察,并对BF空间结构的定量化分析进行了初步探索。

1 材料和方法

1.1 试剂和菌株

铜绿假单胞菌PAO1菌株(本实验室保存),pGFPuv质粒(Clontech公司),质粒DNA小量提取试剂盒(日本BioFlux公司),限制型内切酶EcoRI和

HindIII(宝生物公司),ISA软件(美国Montana州立大学Haluk Beyenal教授提供)。

(1)PAO1菌株电感受态制备参考单志英等[2]实验方法,将过夜增菌的PAO1菌株转接于50ml SOB培养基中,37℃,200r/min振荡培养;A600值为0.7左右时中止培养;2℃,6000r/min离心15min;菌体沉淀依次用等体积、1/2体积、1/5体积的0.3mol/L冰浴蔗糖溶液重新悬浮,洗涤菌体;2℃,6000r/min离心15min,最后根据菌体多少加入不同体积的0.3mol/L蔗糖溶液将菌体混匀;分装成每管100μl,直接用于电转化。

(2)pGFPuv质粒转化和转化菌株筛选感受态细胞100μl,质粒约

50ng,加入预冷的0.1cm电转化杯中;在Bio Rad电转化仪上(设置电压

1.5kv,电容25μF,电阻200Ω)进行电击5ms;将转化体系加入37℃温浴的800μl SOC培养基中,37℃,100r/min振荡复苏1h;取100μl菌液涂布筛选培养基,37℃,16h~18h;在筛选培养基上生长,且紫外灯下有绿色荧光的菌落即为实验需要的转化菌株。

(3)转化菌株中质粒提取和酶切电泳鉴定挑取表达强绿色荧光的转化菌株单菌落,接种L Broth培养液,37℃振荡培养过夜;按照BioFlux公司质粒提取试剂盒产品说明进行质粒的小量提取;0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳;对照pGFPuv 质粒图谱进行鉴定。用EcoRI和HindIII行双酶切,反应温度为37℃;反应体系为HindIII 1μl,EcoRI 1μl,10×M缓冲液2μl,提取质粒17μl,作用12h;0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳。

(4)pGFPuv转化菌株建立BF模型挑取GFP转化PAO1菌株单菌落接种L Broth培养液,37℃,180r/min振荡培养过夜;调整A600值至0.5;接种

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