句子重音和语调

句子重音和语调

英语句子听起来之所以忽轻忽慢，忽升忽降，富有节奏感，主要是因为句子重音和语调的重要调节作用。

一、句子重音

在句子重音中，单词重音是认识和掌握句子重音的基础。单词一旦置于句子里，在语流中并不是所有的单词都像单独读音时读得那么响亮，只有其中部分词重读，部分词不重读。如：It was ˈtoo exˈpensive for me to ˈbuy.这个句子中只有三个词重读。另外，句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词，重音一般就落在该词的重读音节上。像前句中的expensive就属于这种情况。如何掌握句子重音的规律，判别句子重音是正确朗读英语句子的关键之一，应遵循的基本原则如下：

在通常情况下，“实强虚弱”，即在一个英语句子中实词（notional words/content words）一般重读，虚词(form words/function words)一般弱读。

名词一般都重读

There is a ˈbook on the ˈdesk. My ˈsister ˈput up a ˈpicture on the ˈwall.

ˈJohn ˈwants to ˈsee the ˈteacher after ˈclass. An ˈelephant is an ˈanimal.

一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词,如thing, person, place, 或指一大类人或事物的名词，如man, woman, fellow, time, ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读

ˈThat's a ˈnice thing. (比较：ˈThat's a ˈnice ˈpicture.)

He's an ˈeasy person to ˈget aˈlong with. He's the ˈright man for the ˈjob.

It's alˈready ˈlunch time. (比较; It's ˈtime for ˈlunch.)

代词

常重读的代词有

1．指示代词

ˈThis is ˈnot what I ˈmean. ˈThat ˈisn't the one I ˈasked for.

ˈDo you ˈlike (ˈ)these ˈflowers?

但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音

ˈHow do you ˈlike those ˈlittle ones? ˈWho ˈwrote this ˈinteresting ˈstory?

2. 名词性物主代词

ˈYours is ˈmuch ˈnicer than ˈmine. The ˈred one is ˈhis.

但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读

Iˈm ˈwriting to a ˈfriend of mine.

3. 强调代词

I ˈsaw it myˈself. The ˈman himˈself ˈtold me so.

4．疑问代词

ˈWho are you ˈtalking to? ˈWhat can I ˈdo for you? ˈWho ˈcame to ˈsee you this ˈmorning? 不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词

He ˈhasn't ˈseen my ˈbrother yet. He ˈhurt himself when he was ˈplaying ˈfootball. They ˈoften ˈhelp each other. The ˈgirl who ˈspoke to you just ˈnow is my ˈsister.

形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读

数词一般都应重读

The ˈstreets are ˈwide, ˈclean and ˈbeautiful.

ˈThis ˈnarrow ˈvalley was the ˈscene of a ˈfamous ˈbattle.

His ˈfirst daughter is fifˈteen. It's a ˈdull and disapˈpointing film.

ˈThat's exˈciting news. The ˈworried man ˈentered the ˈcrowded ˈstreet.

He ˈbought ˈten ˈcups and ˈI bought only ˈfour.

冠词一般都不重读

He ˈlives in a ˈhouse ˈnot ˈfar from the ˈschool.

Itˈs an ˈhour's ˈdrive from the ˈold ˈstation.

The ˈman ˈover there is my ˈbrother. An ˈelephant is an ˈanimal.

动词

主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notional verb）都要重读(be、have 除外)

He ˈtakes a ˈwalk after ˈsupper ˈevery ˈday.

ˈDonˈt forˈget your ˈhomework.

I supˈpose you ˈknow him.

非限定动词一般也都要重读

不定式We deˈcided to ˈstart the ˈnext ˈday.

分词We ˈsat at the ˈdesk ˈwriting a ˈletter.

动名词It's ˈno ˈuse ˈasking him about ˈthat.

助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读

I ˈdon't want to ˈgo there toˈday.