考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析十九.doc
专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷19(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷19(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSIONPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.The problem with the nature-nurture debate is that this is an inadequate way of understanding human freedom. Like every other organism, humans are shaped by both nature and nurture. But unlike any other organism, we are also defined by our ability to transcend both, by our capacity to overcome the constraints imposed both by our genetic and our cultural heritage. It is not that human beings have floated free of the laws of causation. It is rather that humans are not simply the passive end result of a chain of causes, whether natural or environmental. We have developed the capacity to intervene actively in both nature and culture, to shape both to our will. To put this another way, humans, uniquely, are subjects as well as objects. We are biological beings, and under the purview of biological and physical laws. But we are also conscious beings with purpose and agency, traits the possession of which allow us to design ways of breaking the constraints of biological and physical laws. All non-human animals are constrained by the tools that nature has bequeathed them through natural selection, and by the environmental conditions in which they find themselves. No animal is capable of asking questions or generating problems that are irrelevant to its immediate circumstances or its evolutionarily designed needs. When a beaver builds a dam, it doesn’t ask itself why it does so, or whether there is a better way of doing it. When a swallow flies south, it doesn’t wonder why it is hotter in Africa or what would happen if it flew still further south. Humans do ask themselves these and many other kinds of questions questions that have no relevance, indeed make little sense, in the context of evolved needs and goals. What marks out humans is our capacity to go beyond our naturally defined goals such as the need to find food, shelter or a mate and to establish human-created goals. Our evolutionary heritage certainly shapes the way that humans approach the world. But it does not limit it. Similarly, our cultural heritage influences the ways in which we think about the world and the kinds of questions we ask of it, but it does not imprison them. If membership of a particular culture absolutely shaped our worldview, then historical change would never be possible: If the people of medieval Europe had been totally determined by the worldview sustained by medieval European culture, it would not have been possible for that society to have become anything different. It would not have been possible, for instance, to have developed new ideas about individualism and materialism, or to have created new totals of technology and new political institutions. Human beings are not automata who simply respond blindly towhatever culture in which they find themselves, any more than they are automata that blindly respond to their evolutionary heritage. There is a tension between the way a culture shapes individuals within its purview and the way that those individuals respond to that culture, just as there is a tension between the way natural selection shapes the way that humans think about the world and the way that humans respond to our natural heritage. This tension allows people to think critically and imaginatively, and to look beyond a particular culture’s horizons. In the six million years since the human and chimpanzee lines first diverged on either side of Africa’s Great Rift Valley, the behaviour and lifestyles of chimpanzees have barely changed. Human behaviour and lifestyles clearly have. Humans have learned to learn from previous generations, to improve upon their work, and to establish a momentum to human life and culture that has taken us from cave art to quantum physics and to the unraveling of the genome. It is this capacity for constant innovation that distinguishes humans from all other animals. All animals have an evolutionary past. Only humans make history. The historical, transformative quality of being human is why the so-called nature-nurture debate, while creating considerable friction, has thrown little light on what it means to be human. To understand human freedom we need to understand not so much whether we are creatures of nature or nurture, but how, despite being shaped by’ both nature and nurture, we are also able to transcend both.1．Which of the following best expresses the theme of the passage?A．Human beings are cultural animals rather than natural animals.B．Human beings are neither natural nor cultural animals.C．Human beings are less susceptible to natural laws than non-human animals.D．Human beings are not bound by natural and cultural heritages.正确答案：D解析：该文的主题通过主题句(thesis sentence)来表达(分别出现在第1段第3句和最后一段最后一句)。
19考研英语一真题
19考研英语一真题Section I Use of EnglishPart A1．【答案】D) steady【解析】考点：词义辨析【分析】本题考察的是对词义辨析的理解。
根据句子结构“a steady march”可知，此处需要选择一个和“进步”相反的词，从选项中选择一个和“steady”意思相对的词即可，所以正确答案选择是“D”。
【详解】stable 稳定的，持续的; satisfactory 令人满意的; permanent[ˈpɜːmənənt] 永久的; temporary[ˈtemprəri] 临时的。
2．【答案】D) plan【解析】考点：名词词义辩析【分析】本题考察的是对某个词的词义辩析，根据句子结构可知，“如果你交了作业过晚”说明根据下文可知，“你”应该是为了交作业“做计划”所以正确答案是“D”。
【详解】arrangement 安排; strategy 策略; operation 运算法则; plan 计划3．【答案】C) located【解析】考点：词组辨析【分析】本题考查的是对词组的辨析。
句意为“这个小镇靠近海滩”的意思，选项C即为小镇附近有一个海滩，所以“located”在此处最能表达。
所以答案选C。
【详解】settle 定居，解决; occupy[ˈɑːkjupaɪ] 占领，占据; surround [səˈraʊnd]环绕，围绕; locate 位于4．【答案】B) since【解析】考点：连词意义辨析【分析】本题考察的是连词的辨析。
句意为“因为他在那里呆了3年，所以他已经学会了一些汉语”(主/从句递进)之意，由此可知，“因为推出”和“他已经学会了一些汉语”之间是原因和结果的关系，所以答案选择是“B”。
【详解】if 如果; because 因为; since 自从; unless 除非5．【答案】C) convinced【解析】考点：词义辨析【分析】本题考察的是对词义辨析的理解。
考研19年英语一真题答案解析
考研19年英语一真题答案解析2019年的考研英语一真题分为阅读理解、完型填空和翻译三个部分。
在解析真题之前，我们需要明确一些解题的基本原则和技巧。
首先，是熟悉各种题型和解题技巧。
其次，是建立正确的阅读理解思维方式，理清文章的结构和逻辑关系。
最后，是培养总结和归纳能力，通过归类分类词汇和提炼主旨句来迅速理解文章。
接下来我们进入真题的解析环节。
阅读理解部分：第一篇文章是一篇关于德国电工施耐德（Schneider Electric）公司运用可再生能源的案例。
文章主要介绍了该公司在德国的改造工程，通过建立风能、光能和地热等可再生能源产业，为德国提供了可持续发展的解决方案。
该题型属于细节题，答案往往在文中直接给出。
第二篇文章是关于方言研究的文化心理学视角。
文章指出了不同方言对人们思维方式和心理过程的影响，通过分析方言研究对于心理学和文化研究的重要性，呼吁学者们应该更加关注方言研究。
该题型为主旨题，需要从文章中找到文章的中心思想和作者的观点。
第三篇文章是关于糖的危害的科普文章。
文章列举了糖对身体健康的负面影响，包括导致肥胖、心血管疾病、糖尿病等。
同时，文章提出要控制糖摄入量，选择更健康的生活方式。
完型填空部分：完型填空部分主要考察对词汇和语法的理解和运用。
翻译部分：翻译部分需要对中文句子进行准确、流畅和自然的翻译。
考研英语一真题的解析需要考生有扎实的英语基础和一定的解题技巧。
在备考过程中，考生需要进行大量的阅读和练习，积累词汇和语言表达能力。
同时，也需要关注英语的新闻、杂志以及科技等方面的知识，增加对不同主题的理解和跨学科的能力。
总结：考研英语一真题的解析是考生备考过程中重要的一部分。
通过理解和掌握每个题目的出题思路和解题技巧，可以为考生在考试中取得更好的成绩提供帮助。
同时，也需要在备考过程中进行系统地学习和复习，提升综合素质和提高备考能力。
只有通过不断的努力和坚持，才能在考试中取得好的成绩。
2019年考研英语真题及解析
2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too bright.Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a(n) 7 process— instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1.[A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2.[A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3.[A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4.[A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5.[A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6.[A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7.[A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C] inevitable [D] gradual8.[A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9.[A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10.[A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11.[A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12.[A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13.[A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14.[A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15.[A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16.[A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17.[A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18.[A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19.[A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20.[A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of famili ar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same contextas creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, h owever, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year IWill...and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it foste rs commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. In Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is characterized by being .[A] casual[B] familiar[C] mechanical[D] changeable.22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be .[A] predicted[B] regulated[C] traced[D] guided23. “ruts”(Line 1, Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] tracks[B] series[C] characteristics[D] connections24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that .[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind[B] innovativeness could be taught[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas[D] curiosity activates creative minds25. Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized t esting[A] prevents new habits from being formed[B] no longer emphasizes commonness[C] maintains the inherent American thinking model[D] complies with the American belief systemText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly)wisdom —or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore — and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since theyfirst become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists —and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical. “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors — numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s _________.[A] easy availability[B] flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to ________.[A] locate one’s birth place[B] promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to________.[A] trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is ________.[A] disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building[C] excessive sample comparison[D] lack of patent evaluation30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be________.[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab[D] Lies Behind DNA TestingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts — a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economi c growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides fi nding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce tosubstantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries ___.[A] is subject to groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventionally downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that the construction of a new education system _______.[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _______.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S workforce has a better education[D] the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged ______.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hungry[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph, development of education ________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers ofEuropean culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One won ders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England_________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life[B] intellectual interests were encouraged[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated NewEnglanders were often _____.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41) ____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42) _____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boasdeveloped a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43) _____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44) _______________. Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45) ________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Émile Durkheimdeveloped a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function ofsociety and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural andimportant, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.(48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in theirattitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a commonlife we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.SectionⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White Pollution” is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly, and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)网络的“近”与“远”2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析本文是一个有关动物智力话题的文章。
考研英语试卷真题2019
考研英语试卷真题2019一、完型填空（共20分）本题共有20个空，每空1分。
阅读下面的文章，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳选项填入空白处。
[文章内容省略]二、阅读理解（共40分）本题共有四篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题，每题2分。
阅读文章，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。
[文章1内容省略]1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the author, what is the reason for...3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?4. What does the author suggest...5. What can be inferred from the passage?[文章2、3、4内容及问题省略]三、新题型（共10分）本题要求考生根据所给的材料，完成相应的任务。
本题可能包括信息匹配、图表分析等。
[材料内容及任务说明省略]四、翻译（共15分）本题要求考生将给定的英文段落翻译成中文，并确保翻译的准确性、流畅性和符合中文表达习惯。
[英文段落内容省略]五、写作（共25分）本题要求考生根据所给的题目写一篇不少于400词的英语作文。
注意文章结构清晰，观点明确，语言流畅。
[题目内容省略]请注意，以上内容仅为模拟示例，实际的考研英语试卷真题2019年的内容会有所不同。
考生在备考时应参考官方发布的真题和考试大纲，进行针对性的复习和练习。
2019考研英语(一)真题(含答案及解析)
2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phone 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can`t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 :Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 ,even in dense forest, you should able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 ,assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A] Some[B] Most[C] Few[D] All2. [A] put[B] take[C] run[D] come3. [A] Since[B] If[C] Though[D] Until4. [A] formally[B] relatively[C] gradually[D] literally5. [A] back[B] next[C] around[D] away6. [A] onto[B] off[C] across[D] alone7. [A] unattractive[B] uncrowded[C] unchanged[D] unfamiliar8. [A] site[B] point[C] way[D] place9. [A] So[B] Yet[C] Instead[D] Besides10.[A] immediately[B] intentionally[C] unexpectedly[D] eventually11.[A] surprised[B] annoyed[C] frightened[D] confused12.[A] problem[B] option[C] view[D] result13.[A] Above all[B] In contrast[C] On average[D] For example14.[A] bridge[B] avoid[C] spot[D] separate15.[A] form[B] through[C] beyond[D] under16.[A] posts[B] links[C] shades[D] breaks17.[A] artificial[B] mysterious[C] hidden[D] limited18.[A] Finally[B] Consequently[C] incidentally[D] Generally19.[A] memories[B] marks[C] notes[D] belongings20.[A] restrict[B] adopt[C] lead[D] exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpo se of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance .Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism，” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the[A]. enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility[B]. help corporations achieve larger profits[C]. build a new system of financial regulation[D]. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate[A]. the conditions for generating quick profits[B]. governments’ impatience in decision-making[C]. the solid structure of publicly traded companies[D]. “short-termism” in economic activities23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be[A]. indirect [B]. adverse [C]. minimal [D]. temporary24.The US and France examples and used to illustrate[A]. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.[B]. the significance of long-term thinking.[C]. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.[D]. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism[B]. Patience as a Corporate Virtue[C]. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives[D]. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force—a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”—is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. “Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar, “we see students achi eve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well. For public instituti ons, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?[A]. The change of course catalogs.[B]. Students’ indifference to GPAS.[C]. Colleges’ neglect of GPAS.[D]. The influence of consumer culture.27.What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?[A]. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.[B]. To maintain colleges’ graduation rates.[C]. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.[D]. To increase universities' income from tuition.28.According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges to[A]. obtain more financial support.[B]. boost their student enrollments.[C]. improve their teaching quality.[D]. meet local governments' needs.29.What does the phrase “to be aligned”(Line 5, Para. 6) most probably mea n?[A]. To counterbalance each other.[B]. To complement each other. [C].To be identical with each other.[D]. To be contradictory to each other.30.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by[A]. assessing its feasibility.[B]. analyzing the causes behind it.[C]. comparing different views on it.[D]. listing its long-run effects.Text 3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”.Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy Al” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develo p Al-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31.Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned because i t[A]. fascinates Al scientists all over the world.[B]. has remained popular for as long as 200 years.[C]. involves some concerns raised by Al today.[D]. has sparked serious ethical controversies32.In David Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge of c onsciousness[A]. helps explain artificial intelligence.[B]. can be misleading to robot making.[C]. inspires popular sci-fi TV series.[D].is too limited for us to reproduce it33.T he solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles[A]. can hardly ever be found.[B].is still beyond our capacity.[C]. causes little public concern.[D]. has aroused much curiosity.34.The author's attitude toward Google's pledges is one of[A]. affirmation[B]. skepticism.[C]. contempt[D]. respect.35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]. Al’s Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants[B]. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of Al[C]. The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable[D]. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of ControlText 4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the pre vious decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited state’' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. , with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-stat e sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”36.The Supreme Court decision Thursday will[A]. Dette business’ revolutions with states[B]. put most online business in a dilemma[C]. make more online shoppers pay sales tax[D]. force some states to cut sales tax37.It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decision[A]. have led to the dominance of e-commerce[B]. have cost consumers a lot over the years[C]. were widely criticized by online purchases[D]. were consider unfavorable by states38.According to Justice Anthony Kennedy , the physical presence rule has[A]. hindered economic development .[B]. brought prosperity to the country[C]. harmed fair market competition[D]. boosted growth in states’ revenue39.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling[A]. Internet enterpreneurs [B]. Big-chair owners[C]. Third-party sellers [D]. Small retailers40.In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the a uthor[A]. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences[B]. describes the long and complicated process of its making [C].presents its main points with conflicting views on them[D]. cities some saces related to it and analyzes their implicationsPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments –from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding---then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.B.Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the oppsite side.C.None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their r eplies.D.Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like, say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why somany people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.E.In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: "There is only one way...to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. "This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.F.These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.G.There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,”and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer p eople for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.41. →42.→ F→ 43. → 44.→ C→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled ‘The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and impor tant question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: 47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. 49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. 50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when takenup by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.47)Nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.49)This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publication or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions：Suppose you are working for the “Aiding rural Primary School” project of your university write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name in the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52.Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the pictures briefly2)interpret the meaning and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points )2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1、【答案】C. Few 【试题考点】词义辨析和上下文语境【解析】此题词义辨析和上下文语境。
考研英语真题(含答案解析)
考研英语真题(含答案解析)考研英语真题(含答案解析)Introduction:In recent years, the popularity of pursuing a postgraduate degree, particularly the Master's degree, has been on the rise. Among the various subjects, the English language is one of the most sought-after choices. To prepare for the rigorous entrance exam, candidates often turn to previous years' questions and answers for guidance and insights. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of commonly seen English questions in the postgraduate entrance exams.Section 1: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1: Analyzing the Main IdeaThe main objective of the reading comprehension section is to test candidates' ability to grasp the main idea of a passage. Often, the passages are taken from literature, humanities, or scientific research papers. Candidates should focus on understanding the author's central argument and identifying the supporting details.2. Passage 2: Identifying Vocabulary in ContextTo perform well in this section, candidates need to pay attention to the context of unfamiliar words and phrases. The questions might ask for synonyms, antonyms, or the implications of certain words. Having a rich vocabulary and being able to infer meaning from the text is crucial for success.Section 2: Listening Comprehension1. Dialogues: Understanding ConversationsThe listening comprehension section usually presents dialogues between two or more individuals. Candidates must listen attentively and accurately grasp the speakers' opinions, intentions, and emotions. Identifying key information such as time, location, and purpose is vital to answering related questions.2. Lectures: Grasping Key PointsIn this section, candidates will listen to academic lectures or presentations. They should identify the speaker's main points, supporting details, and examples. It is essential to take effective notes during the listening process for better understanding and quicker reference during the question-answering phase.Section 3: TranslationTranslation examines candidates' ability to render meaning accurately from English to Chinese and vice versa. Candidates should have a solid foundation in both languages to convey the original intention and maintain appropriate grammar and style. Practice and exposure to various sentence structures are key to success in this section.Section 4: Writing1. Essay Writing: Expressing OpinionsCandidates are asked to write essays on a given topic within a limited time. It is crucial to clearly express personal opinions, provide logicalreasoning, and support arguments with relevant examples and evidence. Organizing thoughts and structuring the essay effectively are also essential skills to demonstrate.2. Translation and Rewriting: Adapting ContentFor this section, candidates are required to translate and rewrite a given passage or text. Attention to detail, accuracy, and appropriate adaptations to the target language are vital. Candidates need to pay close attention to grammar, vocabulary, and overall coherence.Conclusion:Mastering the postgraduate English entrance exam requires diligent practice and thorough understanding of the test format. Through analyzing and practising with previous years' questions and answers, candidates can gain confidence and improve their performance. With focused preparation and determination, success in the exam is within reach.。
考研英语第19套题
第十九套题Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1 07.8Whenever the phrase “compensation culture”is used, an active coalition of trade unionists, Whitehall officials and Left-leaning publications leap into action to deny that such a thing exists in Britain. They point out that the number of claims has been falling for the past two or three years, that the average pay-out is low, that it isn’t easy to get compensation, and that the media blow up absurd cases that come to court but bury the fact that the case subsequently failed. All this may be true; yet it is equally undeniable in this weekend that marks the 40th anniversary of the Aberfan disaster, that a compensation culture exists today where it never did before.It’s hard to read about that day in Merthyr Tydfil without your feelings welling up. On the one hand, the example of the deputy headmaster found dead with five children in his arms, as if protecting them. On the other, the life-on-Mars behaviour of the Coal Board, which demanded ￡150,000 out of the ￡160,000 relief fund in order to move the slag heaps. And yet the villagers refused to sue the board as that would be “to bow to vengeance”.Then, a generation later in 1990, a young woman issued a writ suing the board for the psychological damage she suffered as a witness to the events. She received more than any of the more proximate victims. Whatever the rights and wrongs of her claim, it demonstrated a very significant social shift: a compensation culture didn’t exist at the time of the disaster in 1966 but had clearly started to form 25 years later. And it evolved rapidly. Nine years after the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, a number of police officers who had attended the carnage at the football ground claimed substantial payments for post traumatic stress. A former sergeant got ￡300,000. Fourteen other officers accepted ￡1.2 million between them. Phil Hammond, who lost a 14-year-old son, received ￡3,500. He called the payments to the police (who belonged to an organisation that had caused the disaster to happen, as Lord Justice Taylor reported) “disgusting”. The culture has now mutated and we hear daily reports of its manifestations. It is in this context that you can connect a wide range of different phenomena. The fact that cans of nuts present the warning “Contains nuts” is connected to the fact that teache rs won’t put a plaster on your child’s knee without written consent, which is also connected to the fact that tens of thousands of gravestones all over the country are being laid flat. Why? Because people sue for compensation when things go wrong.The authorities say it’s to do with public safety; it isn’t true. A child was killed when a gravestone fell on him. But the councils reacted only when a ￡30,000 award was made to the mother three years later. It is the cost to the public purse caused by compensation cases that produces this bizarre behaviour. It’s the threat of legal suit and large pay-outs that give bite to Health and Safety procedures.［530 words］1. What does the example of the Aberfan disaster illustrate?［A］Disaster victims don’t tend to get proper compensation.［B］Compensation culture didn’t exist in Britain.［C］The authorities’ statements are far from truth.［D］The public was poorly educated concerning its legal rights.2. When mentioning “a wide range of different phenomena” (Lines 2, Paragraph 4), the author is talking about .［A］all kinds of sues for compensation［B］exaggerated media reports of cases［C］precautionary measures against law suits［D］the beneficiaries of compensation culture 3. The author believes that safety procedures have now been drawn up because of .［A］the consideration of public safety［B］the denial of compensation culture［C］the pressure from the public［D］the fear of compensation4. Which of the following is true according to the text?［A］The British government has attached importance to compensation culture.［B］One indirect victim of Aberfan disaster has been compensated.［C］All Hillsborough victims have been granted good compensation.［D］the councils reacted swiftly to the gravestone accident.5. Toward compensation culture, the writer’s attitude can he said to be .［A］supportive［B］objective［C］disgusted［D］indifferentText 2 07.6The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction of hunger—the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us.I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of “free” labour deserves respect. But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom.Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.［439 words］6. The word “sanction”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to.［A］corrective measures［B］encouraging methods［C］preventive efforts［D］revolutionary actions7. Which of the following is implied in the first paragraph?［A］People used to be forced to work under whips.［B］The author dislikes the function of politics in economy.［C］Incentives are always less available than regulations.［D］People have an instinct of working less and getting more.8. The author’s attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of the second paragraph, is one of.［A］reluctant acceptance［B］sheer pessimism［C］mild optimism［D］extreme hopefulness9. The author of the text seems to oppose the idea of.［A］free market［B］military control［C］strict regulations［D］unrestrained labors10. The last sentence of the text indicates the author’s.［A］hatred［B］affection［C］stubbornness［D］rejectionText 3 07.8If the British government’s plans to introduce identity cards stay on track, Britons will, within three years, begin to receive cards containing personal details, together with a digital photograph, fingerprints and an iris scan. A nation that has not possessed identity cards since 1952 will, in a step, acquire the world’s most complex system.At the heart of the scheme is a national identity register, which will record basic personal details: name, sex, date and place of birth, address, nationality, immigration status and the numbers of documents such as driver’s licences and passports. Those who fear the lengthening arm of the state should note that all of this information (and a good deal more) is already in government hands. Nor will the register be a patch on some commercial databases. Pieter Kasselman of Cybertrust, an information-security company, points out that consumer data and credit-reference companies already know much more about what people get up to.The beauty of the new database, from the government’s point of view, is that the information it holds on a citizen will be dependable and reliably linked to that person. The errors and multiple entries that plague existing systems ought to be eliminated. As a result, and thanks to the introduction of a unique identifying number, government departments will be able to share information much more easily. At the moment, it is often difficult to know whether the John Bull known to one agency is the John Bull known to another.Prophets of technological doom will probably be disappointed by a system that ought to suffer no more than the usual teething troubles. Although government IT projects have an unhappy record in Britain, serious trouble has usually come not from technology, but from extra burdens and bureaucratic reforms brought in at the same time. In 1999, for example, the Passport Agency tried to upgrade its computer system while changing the rules about who had to apply for a passport. Fifty-day delays and angry queues were the result. Identity cards will be phased in gradually, as people renew their passports, and, because the database does not replace something that already exists, there will be no “big bang” when older systems are switched off. Catastrophic failure cantherefore probably be avoided.But the project may prove costly. That is a danger because public support for the cards, which appears immune to concerns about civil liberties or effectiveness, depends on their price. Charles Clarke, the home secretary, tried to relieve fears by promising to cap the cost of an identity card. This is a meaningless gesture, since costs can easily be shunted to places where they will cause less offence. Much of the cost of collecting biometric and personal data has already been shifted to the passport service, on the grounds that passports must meet tougher international standards. New procedures mean the cost of a passport is predicted to reach ￡67.93 next year—almost twice as much as the figure for a passport last year. That allows politicians to claim identity cards are a fairly cheap add-on.［520 words］11. What is the author’s attitude towards the ID card plans?［A］strong disagreement.［B］enthusiastic support.［C］cautious opposition. ［D］reserved approval.12. From the first three paragraphs, it can be inferred that the current identity database .［A］is difficult and costly to access ［B］excludes inaccurate information［C］is inefficient at identifying individuals ［D］contains little personal details13. “Teething troubles” (Line 2, Paragraph 4) most probably means .［A］small problems ［B］serious drawbacks［C］heavy burdens［D］slight contempt14. According to the opponents, the ID card scheme is likely to.［A］result in needless bureaucracy［B］be a technological and political disaster［C］threaten a citizen’s privacy［D］drain money from people15. According to the author, if the new register project is too expensive, the government will probably .［A］win unchanged support from the public［B］create a false impression of a reasonable price ［C］replace ID cards with passports ［D］make it compulsory for everyone to get an ID card Text 4 07.8Farmers in the United States and around the world are likely to face serious challenges in the coming decades as new kinds of weather test their ability to bring us the food we all depend on. The weather, of course, has never been exactly dependable—farmers have always been at the mercy of the vagaries of sun and rain. But general weather patterns have at least been broadly predictable, allowing farmers to know when to sow their seed, when to transplant, when to harvest. As weather patterns become less reliable, growers will be tested to develop new rhythms and systems for growing crops.Climate change is likely to impact different parts of the world in vastly different ways, climatologists and agronomists say. Scientists at a recent international conference in London reported that warming temperatures could lead to substantial harvest reductions in major food crops such as wheat, soy and rice. And for years the World Bank and others have been warning that climate change will be especially burdensome on poor countries in the tropics, where soil quality is generally inferior. According to a study conducted in the Philippines, for every one degree C increase in temperature, there will be a 10-percent reduction in yields for rice, a staple crop for billions of people.But here in the U.S., most observers agree, it’s doubtful that climate change could cause a foodsecurity crisis. The U.S. food system—though highly concentrated in terms of ownership and control—is geographically very diverse, which means that crops could be shifted to other areas if necessary. Also, the U.S. produces so much surplus grains for animal feed and food processing that it would take enormous crop failures to create real food scarcities. At least for residents of the U.S., a climate-change induced famine is unlikely.Farmers are a famously adaptive lot, well accustomed to reacting to forces beyond their control. The worry among scientists is that if the agriculture establishment does not take climate change seriously enough, it will become much more difficult to respond effectively when weather disruptions hit. Easterling says the window for farmers to successfully adapt to new weather conditions is about six to ten years—the time it takes for researchers to breed new seed varieties s uited for specific conditions. “What would worry anyone is if climate change starts to exceed the system’s built-in adaptive response,”easterling says.Among farmers and researchers, there is disagreement about which types of growers climate change will impact most—large agribusiness growing operations, or smaller, family-run farms. Some agriculture industry observers say that the bigger farmers will have an advantage in coping with weather changes, as they will have more resources to switch to new crops. Others say that since family farms usually grow a wider range of crops, their biological diversity will make it easier to cope with whatever changes occur.What all agriculture experts agree on is that farmers need to start preparing today for climate change. Growers ought to be thinking about what warmer temperatures, fluctuations in precipitation, and an increase in extreme weather events will mean for their farms, and how they can respond. “This is change; it’s not necessarily disaster,”says Grubinger. “The disaster will come if people aren’t prepared.”［551 words］16.The most serious problem confronting the farmers is that.［A］they lack the knowledge about weather forecasts［B］once-dependable weather patterns are shifting［C］the farming pattern is changing in strange ways［D］the farmland is not as productive as it used to be17.It can be inferred that tropical developing countries are more vulnerable to.［A］global warming［B］dry weather［C］soil erosion ［D］too much rain at the wrong time18. The United States is unlikely to suffer from food crisis because of its.［A］geographical complexity［B］mechanization in agriculture［C］diversity of crops［D］abundance of food19. According to the text, the scientists seem to worry about .［A］farmer’s ability to produce food［B］the environment’s capacity to absorb pollution［C］agricultural system’s capacity of innovation［D］human’s ability to respond to emergency20. What advice might agricultural experts give about crop growing?［A］Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. ［B］The first step is the only difficulty.［C］Caution is the parent of safety.［D］Early start makes easy stages.Part B 07.8Directions:You are going to read a text about the tips on how to walk out of career dilemma, followed by a list of examples and quotations. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (21-25). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSER SHEET 1. (10 points)As companies continue to cut costs, the days of frequent promotions are a distant memory. So are the days of endless opportunities to show off your skills. Layoff survivors, faced with fewer options are finding themselves in career suffering—there’s no way up and no way out.After talking to career coaches, managers, recruiters, and psychologists, Fortune puts together eight tips to help workers break free from the inertia.21. Avoid taking coverDon’t hide out behind your computer.22. Look beyond your job descriptionPeople don’t get promotions just because they do their jobs well; they get promotions because they take initiative.23.Be creativeRemember, says Lauren Doliva, a partner at recruiting firm Heidrick & Struggles International, “people hire us to think, not just to do.”This is the perfect time to tackle the project that you’ve always wished you had more time for.24.Take responsibility for your successBe proactive, not reactive. Says Kennedy: “If you’re waiting for something to happen to you, it’s not going to be anything positive.”Figure out your goals and let managers know what they are; identify your weaknesses and work on them; find better ways to harness your strengths. For nontangible skills—leadership, management, communication—coaches recommend hiring a coach.25. Adjust your attitudeDon’t panic. Even though the economy is in a recession, your career is not coming to an end. How you look at the situation will have a big impact on whether you stay stuck or move ahead.［256 words］［A］Dee Soder, founder of the CEO Perspective Group, recommends scheduling an hour each day to work on extra things such as new initiatives or ways to improve your job or that or those above you.［B］It might be helpful to hunt for motivation in other places. “Now is the time to start taking a look at how fulfilling your life is outside of work,”says Lois Frankel, president of Corporate Coaching International. Find exciting activities to replenish yourself with—and then bring that positive spirit into the office.［C］“You should really work to increase or maintain the visibility that you have,”says David Opton, founder and CEO of career management firm ExecuNet. Speak up in meetings, join task forces, and volunteer for difficult projects that co-workers aren’t willing to tackle.［D］Fortify your current relationships and work on making new ones, both within and outside the office. “Allies will be helpful in terms of letting you know information, like if there’s a job possibility that comes up, ”says Soder.［E］Lauren Doliva, a partner at recruiting firm Heidrick & Struggles International, has a client looking to hire a COO. When someone brought up the VP of operations, who was the obvious candidate for the job, the CEO rejected him outright. “He said no because the VP only does what’s expected,”says Doliva. “The CEO didn’t see him as someone who would take the risks and the time to do the job better.”［F］ A client of Soder’s was put into a new management role, but didn’t feel like she had what it took to oversee a bigger team. She went out and hired a coach who helped her learn how to interact with top executives as well as how to run a bigger territory. She has since been promoted again.Part C 06.8Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete.（26）There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. （27）If modern man continues to toy unhesitatingly with war, he will transform his earthly habitat into a hell such as even the mind of Dante (但丁) could not imagine.（28）Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes immediately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. It is, after all, nation states, which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character.We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve.（29）But unless we resign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and impotence in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injustice.I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. （30）But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to make a supreme effort to generate the readiness, indeed the eagerness, to enter into the new world, which is now possible, “the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God”.［418 words］答案1.B2.C3.D4.B5.B6.A7.B8.A9.C10.D11.D12.C13.A14.C15.B16.B17.A18.D19.C20.A21.C22.E23.A24.F25.B26.也许曾经有一段时间，战争通过阻止邪恶势力的扩张和发展而成为负面的善举，但现代武器的巨大破坏力消除了战争成为善举的任何可能性。
在职攻读硕士联考英语-19_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
在职攻读硕士联考英语-19(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Dialogue CommunicationSection A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.1.Speaker A: Listen. I've got some tickets for a great rock concert on Sunday night. Would you like to go?Speaker B: ______SSS_SINGLE_SELA Great! But I wonder if you have one more ticket so that I can bring my sister along.B All right. When will it start?C Sunday? Gee, I'd love to, but it's my mom's birthday.D Thanks ever so much.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CA方邀请B方去听音乐会，B方需作出接受或谢绝邀请的回答。
A项后半部分不太得体，B项不符合这一情景下的交际惯例，D项未作答复。
只有C项是这一情景下的恰当反应。
2.Speaker A: Oh, doesn't your daughter look lovely?Speaker B: ______ SSS_SINGLE_SELA Oh, no. She looks just so so.B Yes, I'm proud of her.C Really? Why do you think so?D Well, your daughter looks lovely, too.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BA方夸奖B方女儿长得可爱，对于别人的恭维之词，西方文化中对方可以大方地接受，而不像中国文化中那样非常谦虚，所以正确答案为B。
2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解完整版
【答案】C【解析】首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。
空格所在句指出：我们中在没有电话，个人GPS 或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。
本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根据语义应该填入few（几乎没有人），符合文意。
2.[A]put [B]take [C]run [D]come【答案】C【解析】run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。
其他选项：Put on （穿上；使运转）；take on （承担；呈现）；come on （快点；开始），语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[C] run。
3.[A]Since [B] If [C]Though [D]Until【答案】B【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明。
此处为假设的情况，故填入if（如果）符合上下文的表达。
其余选项：Since （因为；自从）， though （虽然）， until （直到）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[B] If。
4.[A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally【答案】D【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明。
此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义通顺：你的确找不到北方。
其余选项：Formally （正式地），relatively（相对地），gradually（逐渐地）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[D] literally.5.[A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away【答案】A【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明。
前文讲lost（迷路），此处填入back（回到）文明之地相互呼应，故正确答案为[A] back。
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Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal s ... Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company。 With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility。” says one expert。 For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this。” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide。 Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite。 Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you。 21. How did Redmon find his job? [A] By searching openings in a job database. [B] By posting a matching position in a database [C] By using a special service of a database [D] By E-mailing his resume to a database。 22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? [A] Lack of counseling。 [B] Limited number of visits。 [C] Lower efficiency。 [D] Fewer successful matches。 23. The expression “tip service” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means [A] advisory. [B] compensation. [C] interaction. [D] reminder。 24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options? [A] To focus on better job matches. [B] To attract more returning visits。 [C] To reserve space for more messages。 [D] To increase the rate of success。 25. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters。 [B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands。 [C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed。 [D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed。 名师解析 21. How did Redmon find his job? Redmon是如何找到工作的 [A] By searching openings in a job database. 通过搜索工作数据库中的空缺职位。 [B] By posting a matching position in a database。 通过在数据库里面张贴匹配职位。 [C] By using a special service of a database. 通过使用某数据库的一项特别服务。 [D] By E-mailing his resume to a database。 通过将他的简历以电子邮件的方式寄给某数据库。 【答案】 C 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 题干的关键信息就是“Redmon”我们在第一段里面可以看见 “Redmon”的内容。要答对本题考生必须仔细查看究竟“Redmon”是怎样利 用该数据库来找到工作的。在第一段里面作者提到他使用了“个人搜索代 理”输入几个关键词几个星期以后得到了职位空缺的通知然后他又把他 的履历寄给雇主从而获得这份工作。整个过程就是这样的。[A]只反映了他整 个求职过程的一部分。[B]故意颠倒了“post”(张贴)这个动作的主语张贴的 人要么是求职网要么是寻人单位却不是“Redmon”。选项[D]同样颠倒了 主语因为是数据库发电子邮件给“Redmon”而不是反过来。选项[C]“通过使 用某数据库的特别服务”虽然泛了一点却是正确的因为“个人搜索代理” 正是这样的一个特殊服务。 22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? 下列哪项可能是搜索代理的缺点