托福语法笔记
托福写作基础语法--主语从句分析解析

• It’s generally thought that… 人们普遍认为。。。 • It should be noted that… • It has been found that… 应当注意。。。 现已发现。。。 必须指出。。。
• It must be pointed out that… forecast等。
¤ I don’t know how many letters there are in the English alphabet.
(How many letters are there in the English alphabet?)
陈述句变名词性从句– 主语从句
原则
在陈述句句首加上that,然后把“that+陈述句”这一结构 分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。
Would you please pass me the dictionary?
• 4.他把车票给列车员看。 • He showed the ticket to the conductor. • 5.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?
Shall I call you a taxi?
• 6.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
• It is possible/ likely that…
很可能。。。
很自然。。。 可以相信。。。
• It is strange that… 奇怪的是。。。 • It is fortunate that… 幸运的是。。。
• It is necessary that… 有必要的是。。。
常见的主语从句句型 – it作形式主语
地球是圆的,这是真理。
It is a truth that the earth is round.
新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)3(2)

新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)3(2)4.each / every 单数,可数eg each ten boys √each major styles Xeach major style √5.数词 / several + pl.five aircraft √ several settings √several + n.s6.one of+pl (讲义P1 7)among+pl (讲义P1 11)7.first / only / simple 单/复数均可the first school 第一所学校the first schools 第一批学校the only university 的大学the only university 的几所大学single: a single +n.(sing) / no single +n.(sing)也可pl: two single rooms8.another+sing (复数也可以,但不多)other + pl (单数也可以,但不多)anyother +singanother two boys other part tthe other+sing / plany other state = any of the other states9. Hundred / thousand / million数量词=数词+量词five thousands pieces X → five thousand piece (five:数词 thousand 量词)一亿本书:hundred millions books Xhundreds million books Xhundreds millions books X(a) hundred millions books √数量10.a number of + pl + v(pl) (讲义P1 8 9)the number of +pl+v(sing)11.Various / diverse / numerous +pl.C、可数与不可数名词:1.常考的可数n. (讲义?P23 5)a chance discovery 一个偶然发现population:人口数/Λ / 各地的人口数/c/ 人群/c/:a sample population make great efforts to docolor effectsa clue 一条线索an amount of + /Λ /2.常考的不可数名词:(讲义 P10 1)a. 流体:air smoke oil water…b. 总称名词:poetry foliage…[集合名词:family people police…+are]c. 抽象名词:wisdom knowledge information…d. 自然现象:sunlight darkness weather rain…[但是:a heavy rain 前有adj.,raindrop雨滴,可数]e. 颗粒装物体:rice salt parder(颗粒)…f. 疾病:measles mumps diaheties…g. 学科:讲义 P10 2 statistics:统计学,不可数;统计数据,可数【。
超强托福考试复习资料原创]语法做题笔记
![超强托福考试复习资料原创]语法做题笔记](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b113ae69852458fb770b56eb.png)
肯德基语法笔记前言托福语法是件体力活,多做几遍真题,熟中就能生巧,再在做题的间隙看看语法书总结总结规律,语法部分基本上就没有多大问题了。
但是,对于托友们来说,最稀缺的是时间,托福真题上百套,如果真的做上3遍,恐怕即耗费时间,也未必有效。
我个人认为,将9508以后的真题做熟足以。
如果精力过剩,可以看看8901---9501的题。
当然,要想在语法上挣到足够的分数,做完题后多多总结也是极为必要的,只有不断总结做错的题,才能够将作错的数目逐步降下来,直到做错数为0。
肯德基语法笔记就是出于这样的目的一页一页写下来的。
肯德基语法笔记是我自己的做题笔记。
包括三部分,即9508以前的真题,9508---9910的真题和2000年以来的真题。
9508以前的语法点现在基本不考了,所以我只是收集了一些较为基本的语法知识;9508---9910主要纪录的是语法点,现在还很有用;2000年以来的主要是对考题新动向的总结,以及一些较难的新题型。
此笔记适合将真题做完一遍之后看,未作完一遍看笔记作用不大;整个笔记两三个小时就可以看完,看2遍足矣,然后再做第二遍真题。
至于为什么要将肯德基牵扯进来,并非我对其中的美味情有独钟。
我是在职考试,每天上班很忙,根本没有时间复习,即就是偶尔有空,也得偷偷摸摸的,自我感觉很不爽,于是乎,我干脆用上班的空余时间休息。
于是乎,也就只剩下下班后的时间了。
每天下午6点下班后,我先打印2套语法题出来,然后带着题在小饭馆里边吃拉面边做题,基本上一顿饭吃完,一套语法题也就做完了;然后,我骑上自己的单车再到附近的肯德基买杯咖啡,在人数相对稀少的二楼找个偏僻的位子坐下来,做完剩下来的一套语法题,并对答案,做总结,记笔记,做阅读;晚上11点的时候,肯德基要打烊了,我再回到自己底价租来的简易房里,这时已经听不到喧闹声了,我开始做听力,直到2点半以后;早晨7点30在闹钟声中醒来,开始为生计奔波。
周而复始一个多月下来,肯德基的waitresses基本都认识我了,即就是到了打烊的时候,她们也不赶我走,我在一边做题,她们在一边一声不吭地打扫卫生,这幅景象,和谐得就像在天堂里。
托福语法辅导:托福(TOEFL)考试语法问题总结(1)

托福语法辅导:托福(TOEFL)考试语法问题总结(1)1.in the united states voters election representatives to the national legislature , which consists of the house of representatives and the snate.election-〉elect(句子成分残缺)观察主句,发现没有谓语。
representatives因为有s,所以不是形容词而是名词。
于是就出现了三个名词voters election representatives无标点相连的情况。
这种情况很罕见,我们因该对它很敏感。
思考一下就知道中间的名词变为动词,即election-〉 elect2.her work in genetics won united states scientist barbara mcclintock ---- - in 1983.(a) was the nobel prize(b) the nobel prize was(c) the nobel prize(d) for the nobel prize选c(双宾语)大家要注意双宾语的考法。
动词后面直接接两个名词。
而且看题干,已经有一个谓语动词,除非要填的部分中有从句引导词,否则不可出现be动词,排除a.b.而d又明显错误,因为nobel prize为b.m的双宾语。
参考译文:美国科学家b.m.在基因方面的研究工作为她自己赢得了1983年的诺贝尔奖.这题可以多读两遍,有助于大家培养正确的语感。
另外大家要格外注意像give这类的词。
可以说give sth to sb,也可以说give sb sth3.--- usually thought to end in northern new mexico, the rocky mountains really extend southward to the frontier of mexico.(a) despite(b) to be(c) while(d) however选c(连词)分析:a.despite 为介词,后面要加名词形式的东东,e.g.despite usually being thought to end in ...而这里的thought 是过去分词,不是动名词,所以不对。
托福考试语法考点总汇编(1)

⼀、选择填空部分 语法部分前15题是选择句⼦残缺成份填空,以组成完整句⼦的题型。
这⼀部分侧重的是句⼦成份的划分和句⼦结构的分析,要求考⽣能从整个句⼦的⾓度来把握,分离出主⼲成分和修饰成分并判断相应的符合语态和时态的选项。
因此简单来说,第⼀部分考的是应试者对句法的掌握程度,包括主谓宾,定状补各个部分在句⼦中的分布和顺序。
当然,其中不可避免的也涉及了英语的⼀些固定搭配和表达,但这些仍然体现了考⽣对句⼦结构的把握和理解。
(⼀)句⼦结构 句⼦基本结构指的是构成句⼦的基本组成部分,⼀般来说,主语和谓语是且必不可少的句⼦基本成份,⽽宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语这些成份视句⼦的具体结构和需要⽽定。
这⾥所提的句⼦包括主句和从句,即主句和从句均需含有主谓的基本结构,对于有些省略形式的从句结构,后⾯会有单独介绍。
考点1:主语单⼀原则 主语单⼀指必须有主语⽽且必须,这⼀原则在主句和从句中均是适⽤的。
考点2:谓语单⼀原则 考点3:主谓结构(句⼦基本结构) 考点4:宾语成份 常考类型包括:及物动词后的宾语成份,介词后需加的宾语成份,某些词或词组带双宾语的固定⽤法。
考点5:定语成份 句⼦定语成份⼀般是指做句⼦主语和宾语成份的修饰词,⼀般为形容词和形容词短语也有分词形式的定语,⼀般把它归为分词结构这⼀考点中。
考点6:表语成份 常考内容包括名词、形容词短语和介宾短语。
考点7:状语成份 常考的状语成份为:介宾短语作状语。
形容词短语作状语,分词短语作状语,不定式作状语等。
(⼆)名词性从句 名词性从句是指在完整的句⼦中以名词性质出现的从句成份,主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,补语从句。
考点8:主语从句 考点9:宾语从句 考点10:表语从句 (三)考点11:同位语 同位语是toefl语法每次必考的内容之⼀,⼀般做主语或是宾语的同位语,句⼦的主⼲已经完整,同位语作为⼀个插⼊成份作补充说明之⽤。
⼀般同位语成份可分为前位同位语和后位同位语,即同位语分别在主词的前⾯和后⾯。
托福考试必须掌握的十个语法概念

托福考试必须掌握的十个语法概念托福考试所考的非常具体的内容值得花一些时间去复习。
要做好结构的多项选择试题和写好作文,就必须掌握以下的十个概念。
1)形容词2)副词3)比较4)措辞错误5)双重否定6)不完整句子7)并列结构8)介词和介词短语9)代词指代10)主谓一致形容词形容词修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。
通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
形容词是修饰回答像"what kind of"或"which?"或"whose?"这类的问题。
不要混淆形容词和副词,副词通常是以-ly结尾的,而极少形容词以-ly结尾。
1)以-ly结尾的形容词:friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly.2)以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词:daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early.副词副词通常修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。
(它也可以修饰另一个副词或一个形容词,但是这种情况征托福考试里是比较少见的。
)副词经常回答"how?"1、正确的位置:1)在动词之前;在be动词、助动词之后。
2)有多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
3)方式副词well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.2、其他注意:1)副词very 可修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
(错) I very like English.(对) I like English very much.2)副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
比较当比较两个事物时,用-er形式(bigger)或者用修饰词less和more。
当比较多于两个以上的事物时,用-est形式(biggest)或者做most(most amazing)和least这样的词。
托福语法讲义(教师版)

一、题型概述(一)填空:1-15个题,考句法句法包括简单句,并列句,主从复合句和一些常见错误用法等。
(二)挑错:16-40个题,考词法好下面我们就一些特殊热点问题给大家做一个概述性介绍。
二、基础语法规则(一)词法第一章名词正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容1.重要的名詞(1)重要的可數名詞discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance, population, efforts, effect, animal, plant, mammal, insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature, picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device, structure, human, human being, system, fashion, resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose, style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type, kind, influence, emotion, change(2)常见的不可数名词①流体:air, smoke, coffee, oil②自然现象:thunder, weather, darkness, [a heavy rain, raindrops]③微粒:sugar, salt, rice, powder, dust④抽象名词:intelligence(情报), evidence, wisdom, advice⑤学科:mathematics, economics, statistics (统计学,作统计数据讲时可数), physics, politics,mechanics, genetics遗传学, geology,geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology,history⑥医学疾病:measles(麻疹), mumps(腮腺炎), diabetes(糖尿病)⑦总称名词:furniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry,scenery, information, knowledge, homework, evidence, foliage, advertising(广告业), health例题: 交易Historians (believe that) some (forms) of (an advertising) must be as old (as barter) and trade.答案: C an advertising advertising(3)常见不规则单复数,一般考复数man/men, woman/women, tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese, basis/bases,analysis/analyses, crisis/crises, hypothesis/hypotheses, axis/axes, alga/algae, larva/larvae, fungus/fungi, stimulus/stimuli, datum/data, bacterium/bacteria, medium/media, spectrum/spectra, mouse/mice, child/children, phenomenon/phenomena(4)常见的单复数同形的名词(注意鱼!好多鱼~)aircraft, spacecraft, series, species, means,(sheep, deer, bison, salmon, trout, carp, fish)·-craft后缀单复数相同(5)只能用复数的名词:clothes, fireworks, riches, wages, ashes, thanks, sweets, scissors, spectacles, trousers集合名词:people(人们,作民族时可数), folk(人们), cattle(牛), police, livestock(牲畜)(6)单复数意义不同的名词air- airs(气派)good(好处,利益)- goods(货物)part- parts(才能,划线永远对)mean(均值/中间)- means(手段/财富)arm- arms(武器)custom(习俗)- customs(海关)letter- letters(文学)spectacle(光景)- spectacles(眼镜)force- forces(武装部队)water- waters(水域,划线永远对)sky- skies(气候)(7)既有可数又有不可数]的名词(注意有无数的概念,具体还是抽象)sugar, cloth, detail, light, science, form, interest, color, disease, illness, rock, stone, matter, food, culture, noise, liquid, solid, gas, climate, film, material, population, temperature, experience, speech, use, life, actionwork(工作,作品)- works(工厂,工程,工事,著作)area(面积)- areas(区域,领域)time(时间)- times(倍数,此书,时代)paper(纸)- papers(报告,文件)collection(不同种收藏品组成的集)- collections(同种藏品的集)room(空间)- rooms(房间)18 pieces of newspaper/ 18 newspapers (报纸种类)art/ in art/ .be described as an art/ all arts land(面积)-lands(区域)注意:* 当不可数名词与种类相关时可转化为可数名词:a vacuum, a liquid, foods, beverages (饮料)(8)同源近形词义区别bank/banking, advertisement/advertising, architect/architecture, reason/reasoning,author/authority/authorization, poem/poet/poetry, cloth/clothes/clothing,human/humanity/humanities, produce/product/production/productivity,editor/edit/edition/editorial, variable/variety/variation, critic/critical/criticize,chemical/chemistry, management/manager, weapon/weaponry, logic/logical,measure/measurement, publish/publication, weighing/weight,nourishment/nutrition/nutritious/nutrient, machine/machinery总规律:(1) –ing动作抽象化,不可数(一般)(2) sugar,fish,cloth,作物质名词,不可数;表种类,则可数(3) –or/er/ee 具体,tion/sion/ment/ness/ship/ing 抽象2.重要的限定詞与名词单复数(1)many+复数可数n.;much+不可數n.例题:Since (the) 1950’s, folk music (has had) a (significant) influence on (many) popular vocal and instrumental music.答案: D many→muchIn the practice of Gestalt therapy, (many) attention is (given) to nonverbal (aspects) of (behavior).答案: A many→much※看到many, various, diverse, numerous往后找[C],看到much往后找[UC]many..music ×As many as 50 percent of the income ×As much as 2,000 kilometers √(一个距离是整体,不可数)例题:The asphalt (deposits) of La Brea Tar Pit in California (have yielded) fossils of numerous (animal) of the Pleistocene epoch, including (the giant) ground sloth.答案:C animal→animalsRodents (dwell) in various (habitat), some species (being) aquatic, (some terrestrial).答案: B habitat→habitatsEven as he (wrote) copiously on such (diverse topic) as education, politics, and religion, Lewis Mumford (remained) active (in city) and regional planning.答案:B diverse topic→ topicsmuch 和many可以做代词:Many are.. .. by many. Much of the information..(2)some 和any,二者都可加单复数,都可加可数和不可数,都可做代词(同few/little 代词的作用)some kinds 某些种some kind 某一种例题:For thousands of years, people (have used) some (kind) of refrigeration (cooling) beverages and preserve (edibles).答案: C cooling→to cool(3)few little 否定a few, a little 肯定+複數可數n. +不可數n.few equipment ×to few extent ×可做代詞:a few/few of the books例题:The Dinee, a Native American (people) of the southwestern United States, were (once) semi- nomadic hunters who (practiced) a (few) agriculture.答案: D few→little(4)數詞/ several/ one of/ among + 複數可數n.※看到several, one of, among 往后找複數[C]eg: five aircraft ×several setting ×several settings √one of the philosophers √among the schools √例题:The United States census人口普查(for) 1970 (showed that) the French-speaking residents of Louisiana (were) one of the country’s most compact regional linguistic (minority)答案: D minority→minorities39. Beverly Sills was (a child) radio star (who) became one of the world’s most dramatically gifted opera (singer), making her debut初演(at) seventeen.答案: C singer→singers40. In the practice of Gestalt therapy, (many) attention is (given) to nonverbal (aspects) of (behavior).答案: A many→muchThe Guggenheim Museum in New York City is one of the major (center) for (the collection) and display of (works) of (abstract art) in the United States.答案: A center→centersGeraldine Farrar, (who) debuted as (an) opera singer in 1901, later appeared (both) on stage and in several silent (film).答案:D film→filmsSeveral (comet)彗星are discovered each year, but very few of (them) are (bright) enough (to be seen) without the aid of magnification.放大答案: A comet→comets(5)every/ each 直接加單數可數n. 或者加数词和复数名词(every/ all常考,almost all加复数)eg: each major styles ×each ten boys √every four years √(every/each 修飾數詞)例题:7. Almost (every) fruits and vegetables contain riboflavin核黄素; the (richest) sources are (leafy) green vegetables (such) as spinach菠菜, kale甘蓝, or turnip greens.另一种甘蓝答案: A 。
托福阅读基础语法:lesson1(原创)

一.现阶段如何提高生词1.背词汇书。
2.背课上讲义词汇3.背诵作业中的生词二.句子理解中的常见结构:1.A of B结构理解:1)区分:A of B和some of B结构2)A of B中A和B之间修饰关系2.阅读中专有名词和专业名词1)专业名词一般自带解释:Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to(似乎)be involved in aggression.One is the hypothalamus,a region of the brain.2)专有名词:如地名,人名啥的,理解时直接用首字母代替三.五大基本句型:即英语句子的骨架,是一个复杂句子瘦身以后的结构,即句子主干1)区分:主谓与主谓宾This trend began during the Second World War.Nearly all astronomical objects in space emit radio waves.2)区分:主谓宾与主系表Surplus snowfall is essential for a glacier to develop.3)区分:主谓双宾与主谓宾补He makes Tom a cake.He makes Tom the manager.4)区分:被动语态与主系表The waterwheel was soon replaced by steam engine.5)谓语动词会有哪些变化形式,哪些动词形式绝对不能做谓语?四.句子理解的步骤:1.找谓语动词,看谓语动词是系动词还是实意动词(注意有些词长得像谓语,但有可能不是谓语哟。
千万不要搞错咯)。
2.找主语,然后看谓语后有没有名词做宾语。
3.理解句子。
1)Grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation in semiarid lands.()2)All the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface.()3)The daytime quality of light in forests varies with the density of the vegetation,the angle of the Sun,and the amount of cloud in the sky.()4)The availability of steam power and the demands for new machines facilitated the transformation of the iron industry.()5)The planet’s great distance from Earth and its small size make this planet's true nature a mystery.()6)He promised himself rapid progress.()五.小白如何分析长难句分析1.复习句子理解步骤?2.主语和宾语太长怎么理解?3.什么是句子主干?抓取句子主干的在阅读中的作用?课上练习2:(圈出句子中的谓语动词,抓取句子主干)1)The only way to protect this fragile(脆弱的)part of the planet is to stop tourists from traveling to Antarctica(南极)主干:2)In addition,water heated geothermally(地热地)can contain salts and toxic materials dissolved from the hot rock.主干:3)Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential,commercial,and industrial spaces.主干:六.并列连词1.常见并列连词有哪些?2.并列连词所并列的对象必须形式相同3.两个并列对象与三个或三个以上并列对象时的形式差别。
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1999年08月语法题1. In 1864 Nevada enter the United States as _______ thirty-sixth state.(A) in the(B) to be the(C) was the(D) the答案:D分析:as是介词,后面应该是名词性结构。
翻译参考:1864年内华达进入合众国,成为第三十六个州。
2. Bob Stephenson, a biologist in Alaska who studies the Canadian lynx, a type of wildcat, haslearned ______ from studying their tracks in the snow.(A) how lynx hunt(B) lynx hunt how(C) how hunt lynx(D) lynx how hunt答案:A分析:缺宾语,每一个选项中都有how, 说明需要how引导的宾语从句,排除B, D, 语序不对;名词性从句应该用陈述语气,所以选A.翻译参考:Bob Stephenson是阿拉斯加一个生物学家,研究加拿大山猫,一种野生的猫科动物,他从其在雪地上留下的足迹获悉了山猫是如何捕猎的。
3. ______ lay eggs , but some give birth to live young.(A) Although most insects(B) Most insects(C) Despite most insects(D) Most insects that答案:B分析:从句完整,从主句的谓语来看主句缺复数主语,所以选B。
A中的Although和but不能同时出现在一个句子里面; B despite后面不能跟句子;D that使得逗号前面无法成为主谓句。
翻译参考:大部分昆虫都生卵,但是有些生产活体的幼虫。
4. Author Sraah Jewett established her literary reputation with Deephaven, a collection of sketches ______.(A) with rural Maine life(B) that life in rural Maine(C) about life in rural Maine(D) life in rural Maine答案:C分析:B, D 比较好排除,B that后从句无谓语;D sketches与life无法连接;根据题义,是讲这个文集的内容,所以about更贴近题义。
翻译参考:作家Sraah Jewett由Deephaven(深深天堂)奠定了其文学声誉,那是一部勾画Maine的乡村生活的文集。
5. By means of various types of wind tunnels, ______ simulate most of the flight conditions to which an airplane is subjected.(A) which aeronautical engineers can(B) aeronautical engineers can(C) the ability of aeronautical engineers to(D) aeronautical engineers, being able to答案:B分析:空格后面是动词原型,第一印象是主句中缺主语,A 是从句,排除;C, D都使得主句无谓语;只有B主语加情态动词后面跟动词原型,并且主句主谓齐全。
翻译参考:利用各种不同类型的风洞,航空工程师能够模拟出大多数飞机的适航条件。
6. ______ planes in flight between airports , air traffic controllers rely on radar.(A) Tracked(B) Track of(C) To track(D) Of tracking答案:C分析:to do做目的状语翻译参考:为了跟踪各机场之间的在航飞机,空中交通控制台要依靠雷达。
7. The operating principles of the telephone are ______ they were in the nineteenth century.(A) the same as today(B) the same today(C) the same today as(D) today what the same.答案:C分析:B, D the same as形式都不完整,先排除;A today与后面的过去时态不符。
翻译参考:当今的电话操作原理和它们在19世纪的时候是相同的。
8. Steel magnate Andrew Carnegie used part of his wealth _______ more than 2,500 public libraries in English-speaking countries between 1881 and 1919.(A) helped in building(B) helped him to building(C) to help build(D) his help in building答案:C分析:use sth to do …与cause sth(sb) to do…是toefl语法中经常考的。
翻译参考:钢铁大亨Andrew Carnegie用他的部分财产于1881-1919年间在英语国家帮助修建了2500多个公共图书馆。
9. Not until 1949 _______ Canada's tenth province.(A) became Newfoundland(B) did Newfoundland become(C) Newfoundland did become(D) Newfoundland became答案:B分析:not until放在句首,谓语部分倒装,这时候只要找到以助动词打头的选项就可以了。
翻译参考:直到1949年,纽芬兰才成为加拿大的第十个省。
10. Paul Samuelson revolutionized _____ by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking at an introductory level.(A) to teach economics(B) the teaching of economics(C) teaching that economics is(D) economics is taught答案:B分析:句中缺宾语,只要找到能做宾语的成分就可以了。
翻译参考:Paul Samuelson 改变了经济学的教学,从一个导论的层次上给他的学生呈现了最高深的经济学思想。
11. The term bell-letters is used to denote literary forms that contain _____, such as drama, poetry, essays, and novels.(A) artistic, creative writing(B) writing that artistic, creative(C) artistic, creative, and writing(D) them is artistic, creative writing答案:A分析:句中缺宾语,并且一定是一个关于文学的总称,因为后面举了很多例子。
只有A符合要求,其中artistic与creative都是修饰writing的。
其他选项的错误也很明显:B that引导的定语从句缺谓语,C形容词和后面的名词不能并列;D them后面的成分逻辑错误, 并且is与谓语重叠了。
翻译参考:bell-letters这个术语用来指称一些具有艺术性和创造性写作的文学形式,比如:戏剧,诗歌,散文和小说。
12. Open-pit mining follows the same sequence of operations ______ mining: drilling, blasting, and loading and removing waste and ore.(A) where underground(B) that underground(C) underground(D) as underground答案:D分析:the same…as固定搭配翻译参考:户外的挖坑采矿都遵循和地下采矿同样的操作顺序,钻、吹、载、分离杂质和矿石。
13. ______ in cases where special oxidants are used, fires are the result of a fuel rapidly combining with the oxygen in the air.(A) There are(B) Even though(C) How(D) Except答案:D分析:A , 逗号后面是主句,前面应该是从句或者其他成分,如果选A, 就有两个主句了,肯定不对;B ,C 后面应该跟从句才对;D介词,也符合题义。
翻译参考:除了用了特殊氧化剂的情况下,火是燃料和空气中的氧气快速结合的结果。
14. Maya Angelou's widely acclaimed autobiography, I know why the Caged Bird sings, is a moving and ______ of her childhood in segregated Arkansas.(A) an account that is often humorous(B) often humorous as an account(C) often humorous, the account(D) often humorous account答案:D分析:humorous和moving并列,修饰account,名词短语。
翻译参考:Maya Angelou广受赞誉的自传--我知道为何笼中之鸟歌唱,是他在种族隔离的Arkansas生活的童年的感人而富于幽默的写照。
15. ______ to study element 104 because only a few atoms of his substance can be isolatedat one time.(A) The difficulty(B) Why it is difficult(C) It is difficult(D) Even though difficult答案:C分析:浏览全句,缺主句的主谓语,答案很明显。