句子连贯与衔接

一．衔接与连贯

衔接词是段落中起承转衔接作用的词或短语，用以说明前后句子或语意之间的关系，借以提高段落的连贯性和逻辑性，并有利于读者跟上作者的思路。衔接词根据其含义可分为不同种类，表示举例、对比、结果、让步、总结、强调等等。

1) 先后次序关系：first; second; at last; next；previously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；finally；since then；first of all；afterwards

2) 因果关系：because；because of this；since；as；for；in that...；owing to；due to；for the reason that...；as a result of this；therefore；...and so...；consequently；as a result；thus；hence；so；so that...；in consequence

3) 转折关系：but；however；though；even though；despite that；in spite of that；regardless of

4) 并列关系：and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...

5) (补充)递进关系：furthermore；moreover；further；not only...but also...；not...but...；in addition (to)；moreover；in other words；on the one hand...，on the other hand...；even；

6) 对照(不同点)：neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; conversely；in contrast (to)；on the contrary；while；but on the other hand.

7) 举例关系: for example；for instance；such as；take the case of; take as example (something)；as for; as to；according to

8) 结果关系：thus; consequently; hence; therefore; as a result; as

a consequence; so that;

9) 条件关系: if；unless; if it is the case；once...；

10) 归纳总结类：in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary；the conclusion can be drawn that...

二、句子写作的“五项基本原则”

一、长短句结合原则

在文章开头用一长一短；在文章主体部分，先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式。文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

二、主题句原则

一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头或者结尾，让读者一目了然，

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、一二三原则

通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。first, second, third, last

firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally

to begin with, then, furthermore, finally

to start with, next, in addition, finally

on the one hand, on the other hand

for one thing, for another thing

四、多实少虚原则

写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：

走出房间，最普遍的词是：walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room

小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room

小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room

老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room

五、多变句式原则

1）并列或递进关系

I like listening to music and hanging out with friends.

2）转折

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.

3）因果

The snow began to fall, so we went home.

4）定语从句、同位语从句或者插入语。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.

Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

5）排比

We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏）