跨文化交际 课件4
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Module
content
• Cross-Cultural Differences in NVC 1) body language 2) time language 3) spatial language 4) object language
body language: eye contact
Britain
• People from future-oriented cultures may be regarded as passionless slaves to efficiency and materialism.
Spatial language
• Proxemics: the study of space（空间关系 学）
• Current activities are accomplished not for their own sake but for the potential future benefits.
• Their fate is at least partially in their own hands and therefore they can control the consequences of their action.
What does it mean to intercultural communication?
• People from present-oriented cultures might view people from past-oriented cultures as too tied to tradition.
too intensely at
another person
• Bahraini men talk with animated gestures and make direct eye contact.
• Polish teens avoid eye contact as they talk.
Time language
1) Intimate distance: 0-45cms
2) Personal distance: 45-80 cms (most common when friends, acquaintances, and relatives converse)
3)Social distance :1.30—3meters (for people who work together ,or people doing business, as well as most of those in conversation at social gatherings)
“Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. The message it conveys comes through loud and clear.” (E. T. Hall)
Time talks…
• In the US, if you telephone someone very early in the morning while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call usually signals a matter of utmost importance and extreme urgency.
According to Hall (1959), there are four major types of distances in American social and business circumstances: intimate, personal, social, and public.
• Future-oriented cultures (Euroamericans, most post-industrial peoples)
Past-oriented cultures
• People regard previous experiences and events as most important.
• Place: Professor Wang’s office room
• Event : Katherine has an appointment with professor Wang. But their interview /talk was interrupted several times. Katherine feels very unhappy.
• Chinese vs. native English-speakers
• Southern Americans vs. Northern Americans
• Low-contact cultures vs. high-contact cultures
• Generally, people from colder climates use large physical distances when they communicate, whereas those from warm climates prefer close distances.
However, Chinese view appointments in a more flexible manner. They are more casual about commitments.
This difference in attitudes towards appointment was the root of Katherine’s unhappiness.
avoid ignoring them. person could imply to meet the eye
a number of things of someone
(fear, guilt…)
accusing them of
eye movements in conversation means of ordering turn
• Personal: conversations with intimates, friends and acquaintances
• Social: impersonal business and social gatherings
• Public: lectures, concerts, plays, speeches, ceremonies
4)Public distance: farther than 2 or 3 meters (generally for speakers in public and for teachers in classrooms)
Zones of spatial distance
• Intimate: loving, comforting, protecting or fighting
Time orientations
• Past-oriented cultures (Chinese, native Americans)
• Present-oriented cultures (the Philippines, many Central and South American people)
• Factors that affect personal space: • sex, age, relationship, culture
Proxemics
Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
0-45cms 45-80 cms 1.30-3meters 2 or 3 meter
To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time.
Staring at people is considered rude; young children will
something is taken as a sign of guiltiness
taking
be reprimanded by
their parents if they
look too long and
America Puerto Rico
the rule for dealing those who are
looking someone it is considered
with strangers is that communicating with straight in the disrespectful
Since the Director made an ten o’clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption.
However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When the meeting finally began, it was interrupted again.
Comments:
This is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures.
Cultural differences in the use of personal space
• Southern Europeans (French, Italians, Greek, Spaniards etc.) vs. Northern Europeans (German, Scandinavian, British etc.)
you must avoid
one another
eye is well
for a child to
staring at them but demands eye contact. thought;
meet the eye of
at百度文库the same time
Not looking at the someone to fail an adult.
• They place a major emphasis on spontaneity and immediacy.
• They experience each moment as fully as possible.
Future-oriented cultures
• People believe tomorrow is most important.
• A girl feels insulted when she is asked for a date at the last minute by someone whom she doesn’t know very well.
A case study
• Katherine’s experience in China
• They place a primary emphasis on tradition.
• They show great respect for parents and the elderly.
Present-oriented cultures
• People regard current experiences as most important.
content
• Cross-Cultural Differences in NVC 1) body language 2) time language 3) spatial language 4) object language
body language: eye contact
Britain
• People from future-oriented cultures may be regarded as passionless slaves to efficiency and materialism.
Spatial language
• Proxemics: the study of space（空间关系 学）
• Current activities are accomplished not for their own sake but for the potential future benefits.
• Their fate is at least partially in their own hands and therefore they can control the consequences of their action.
What does it mean to intercultural communication?
• People from present-oriented cultures might view people from past-oriented cultures as too tied to tradition.
too intensely at
another person
• Bahraini men talk with animated gestures and make direct eye contact.
• Polish teens avoid eye contact as they talk.
Time language
1) Intimate distance: 0-45cms
2) Personal distance: 45-80 cms (most common when friends, acquaintances, and relatives converse)
3)Social distance :1.30—3meters (for people who work together ,or people doing business, as well as most of those in conversation at social gatherings)
“Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. The message it conveys comes through loud and clear.” (E. T. Hall)
Time talks…
• In the US, if you telephone someone very early in the morning while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call usually signals a matter of utmost importance and extreme urgency.
According to Hall (1959), there are four major types of distances in American social and business circumstances: intimate, personal, social, and public.
• Future-oriented cultures (Euroamericans, most post-industrial peoples)
Past-oriented cultures
• People regard previous experiences and events as most important.
• Place: Professor Wang’s office room
• Event : Katherine has an appointment with professor Wang. But their interview /talk was interrupted several times. Katherine feels very unhappy.
• Chinese vs. native English-speakers
• Southern Americans vs. Northern Americans
• Low-contact cultures vs. high-contact cultures
• Generally, people from colder climates use large physical distances when they communicate, whereas those from warm climates prefer close distances.
However, Chinese view appointments in a more flexible manner. They are more casual about commitments.
This difference in attitudes towards appointment was the root of Katherine’s unhappiness.
avoid ignoring them. person could imply to meet the eye
a number of things of someone
(fear, guilt…)
accusing them of
eye movements in conversation means of ordering turn
• Personal: conversations with intimates, friends and acquaintances
• Social: impersonal business and social gatherings
• Public: lectures, concerts, plays, speeches, ceremonies
4)Public distance: farther than 2 or 3 meters (generally for speakers in public and for teachers in classrooms)
Zones of spatial distance
• Intimate: loving, comforting, protecting or fighting
Time orientations
• Past-oriented cultures (Chinese, native Americans)
• Present-oriented cultures (the Philippines, many Central and South American people)
• Factors that affect personal space: • sex, age, relationship, culture
Proxemics
Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
0-45cms 45-80 cms 1.30-3meters 2 or 3 meter
To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time.
Staring at people is considered rude; young children will
something is taken as a sign of guiltiness
taking
be reprimanded by
their parents if they
look too long and
America Puerto Rico
the rule for dealing those who are
looking someone it is considered
with strangers is that communicating with straight in the disrespectful
Since the Director made an ten o’clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption.
However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When the meeting finally began, it was interrupted again.
Comments:
This is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures.
Cultural differences in the use of personal space
• Southern Europeans (French, Italians, Greek, Spaniards etc.) vs. Northern Europeans (German, Scandinavian, British etc.)
you must avoid
one another
eye is well
for a child to
staring at them but demands eye contact. thought;
meet the eye of
at百度文库the same time
Not looking at the someone to fail an adult.
• They place a major emphasis on spontaneity and immediacy.
• They experience each moment as fully as possible.
Future-oriented cultures
• People believe tomorrow is most important.
• A girl feels insulted when she is asked for a date at the last minute by someone whom she doesn’t know very well.
A case study
• Katherine’s experience in China
• They place a primary emphasis on tradition.
• They show great respect for parents and the elderly.
Present-oriented cultures
• People regard current experiences as most important.