as_which引导定语从句的区别
众所周知，which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：
一、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
1．Which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在中，也可在后。例如：
A) As he realized, I was very useful to him.(在前)
B) Air, as we know, is a gas.（在中）
C) He was a foreigner,as I know from his accent.(在后)
2.在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am, is, are则这些系动词不能省略；而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。例如：
A) He is a teacher, as (is) clear from his manner.(is可以省略)
B) He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)
3.当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that 代替，意思是“这件事”例如：
A) He changed his mind, which(and this, and that)made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
B) She has married again, which(=and this, and that)was unexpected.出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等，例如：
C）Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。
D）As is announced in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work.今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。
4．作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语；而这时as 只可以做系动词be的主语。例如：
A) He married her, which was natural.（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。
B) He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious. (不可用as 代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。
5．当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述内容，不带有“如……那样”的意思时，往往用which,而不用as。例如：
A) They were invited to the state banquet, which(as)was a great honor to them.他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。
B) We had to sleep in our wet clothes, which was most uncomfortable.我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。
C) Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，这让我无法忍受。
6．当定语从句有“如同……那样”含义时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。例如：
A) Thing s will turn out contrary to one’s wishes, as is often the case.事与愿违，这是常用的事。
B) As was natural, this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive
depression.这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。
C) Chaucer is buried in “poet’s Corner”,as might have been expected.正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。
D) The material is elastic, as is shown in the figure.这种霉烂有弹性，如图所示。
E) As we know(众所周知)
F) As has been said above/before（正如前文所述）
G) As has been pointed out（正如已经指出的）
H) As might be imagined（可以想象得到）
7．当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。例如：
A) These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。
B) The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted for over a hundred years.泰晤士河，现在已经干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。
8．带介词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。例如：
A) There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。
B) The shed in our garden, in which we often played, has lasted for
a long time.我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。
二、引导限制定语从句时which与as的区别：
1．先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又做介词的宾语时，只能用which。例如：
This is the pan in which I boiled the milk.这就是我煮牛奶的锅。
2．前面有as时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。例如：
There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。3．前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。
1）Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.认识汤姆的女人都认为他很迷人。
2）I have never heard such stories as he tells.他讲的那些故事我从没有听过。
3）He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那种人。
1．前面有the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。例如：1）We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.我们现面临着和多年以前同样的困难。
2）This is the same wallet as I lost.这只钱夹子与我丢失的那只相同。3）I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有着同样的困难。
总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。
补充：
一、as, which 指代整个句子或短语。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，相当于and this或and that。
在很多时候，表示说话人对话语的看法或态度，此时它们的先行词并不是具体
的某个词，而是整个句子或短语：
The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China, which, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life. 中国政府决定开发西部，我敢说，这将造福于西部的人民，特别是那些至今过着贫穷生活的人。
She has married again，which delighted us.她又结婚了，这使我们很
高兴。
John said he’ d been working in the office for an hour，which was true.
The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected.
Carol said the work would be done by October，which personally I doubt very much.
二、as, which 用在句末的时候，有些情况下可以互换使用。
He was late for school，as/which was usual with him.他上学迟到，
这是家常便饭。
He was a foreigner，as/which I knew from his accent.他是个外国人，我从他的口音中得知这一点。
I live a long way from work，as/which you know.我离上班的地方很远，你是知道这一点的。
The author was brought up in a small village, as/which is recounted in some of his stories. 作者是在一个小村庄里长大的，这个问题在他的一
些小说了就被提到过。
但是，当主句是否定句时，只能as。例如：
Spiders are not insects, as many people think. 蜘蛛不是昆虫，而许多人却认为蜘蛛是昆虫。
三、as 的特殊用法。
1、如果要说明两者有相似之处时通常用as，表达“正如(情形或事实所表示)的那样、像……的一样”的意思。例如：
She is a fine singer，as her mother used to be.她是一个很出色的歌唱家，和她母亲当年一样。
She is the same age as you (are). 她和你年龄一样大。[与same...as 连用]
I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. 我希望有一本和你
正在用的一样的词典。[与such...as连用]
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 正如水对鱼一样重要，空气对于人同样重要。
She has married again，as was/seemed natural.她又结婚了，这很自然。
2、as常与从句中的know，see， hear，expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens，as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。
As you know, he is from Beijing. 正如你所知道的，他来自北京。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every
month.
He was absent，as is often the case.他没有上学，这是常事。
As you will find out, all is now settled. 你将会看到这样的情况，一切都已搞定了。
3、as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，既可位于所修饰的句子之后，也可位于句中或句首；而由 which引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。例如：
As you will find out，I will never let you down.你将会发现，我绝不会使你失望的。
4、as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。即as所引导的从句所表达的语意须和主句一致
She has married again，which was unexpected.她又结婚了，真不可思议。这是出乎意料的(此处不可用 as)
which,who引导的定语从句教案资料
which, who引导的定语从句 看下面的几个例句： It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous. 它成功地展示了使北京闻名遐迩的悠久文化。 The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 我们最喜欢的照片是赵敏照的 先行词是物 It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous. 引导词在从句中作主语 先行词是物 The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 引导词在从句中作宾语 由此，我们可以看出：which引导的定语从句修饰的是无生命的东西。which 在从句中的成分是可以作主语，也可以作宾语。 下面我们再看一个句子： 先行词是人 His father is the person who will be most unhappy. 引导词在从句中作主语 由此，我们可以看出： 如果先行词是人，那么定语从句的引导词就可以是who。 注意：当who 在从句中作宾语时，在现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都可用who了。 如：Do you know Mr Zhang who(m) they like very much? 在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下that和which都可以通用, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 (1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不 定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow. (2).先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that he has read (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. (5)先行词为人和物的组合。 They talked for an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the
as引导定语从句的用法
as引导定语从句的用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. ================================ As 的用法例 1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如： My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
定语从句中which和that用法
定语从句中which和that用法 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。 一、宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况. ①先行词为不定代词all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 等 1. We should do all that is useful to the people. 2. There's nothing that can be said about it. 3. Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday ②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。 1 .The only thing that we could do was to wait. 2 .That's the very word that is wrongly used. 3 .The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. 4 .You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. 5 .I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them. ③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。 1. When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2. This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. ④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best that can be done now. 2. The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. ⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如： writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police. ⑥被修饰词为数词时. 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
which引导的定语从句
关于which引导从句的小结： 关系代词which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。 1. 引导限制性定语从句 A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. [ stock存货] 商店应存有最畅销的货物。 This is the family which is planning to move to the city 这是要搬进城里的一家。 2. 引导非限制性定语从句。 （1 ）用来指代一个句子。 Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。 （2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。 When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。 （3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which 前要加and. He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend. 他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
练习1. [1. board董事会 2. data资料,数据 3. shareholder 【英】股东 4. on behalf of代表 5. guard保护] The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders. which的先行词是谁？ 译文：保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键，董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。 【难点小结：1.介词短语 2.which 的先行词 3. 非限制性定语从句有时要翻译成一句话】 例2. 【1.semiconductor半导体 2. casualty伤亡，灭亡，覆灭 3.< A sit at the heart of B> A是B的核心】
as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
as的用法: (as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) (1)如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/muchas；so …as等结构中。如： 1. I have the same book as you (have).我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.) 2.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now? --- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） (2)如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） 1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .（as作主语）
定语从句中that 和which的用法
定语从句中的that和which的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物）,which （指物）,who (指人）.指人时可用that或who ；指物时可用that 或which 。 That和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。指物时，两者一般可以互换，但在下列情况下只能用that： 1）当先行词是all ,any ,anything ,everything ,nothing 或被它们修饰时.例如： Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么可以为你做的吗? All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做. 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时.例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop . 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一. The first thing that we should do is to get some food . 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的. 3）当先行词有：the only ,the very ,the same ,the last 等修饰时.例如：
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing . 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西. 4）当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或who .以避免重复.例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁? 5）当先行词既有人又有物时,用that .例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known . 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名. 请注意: 以下几种只能使用which的情况: 1.引导非限制性定语从句，用which。 2.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 如：The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，例如：This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we've had so much discussion.
as在定语从句中的用法
关系代词as 引导的定语从句 1、as 可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 He is honest, as we can see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。 2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。另外，as 常 常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。 He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，从他的口音我们就可以知道。 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。 3、当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意： 当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的那个同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿就像着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
英语语法：定语从句中的that和which
英语语法：定语从句中的that和which 英语语法：定语从句中的that和which That which代表物，区别听我来叙述; 先行若是不定代，that就把which 踹; 当先行词为anything，everything，nothing，all，any，much，many，one等不定代词时，只能使用“that”,不用“which”。 例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗? 先行词前有两数，就用that定无误; 当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”，不用“which”。 例句： That is the second time that I have been to Japan. 那是我去日本的第二次。 The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week. 坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。 先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑; 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”,不用“which”。 例句：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。 句中若有there be, that应把which替; 例：There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to pre dict natural disasters. 说动物拥有神秘的第六感，可以预知自然灾害，这是没有根据的。 先行主中做表语，避免重复从句里; 例句：1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.
定语从句中用Which的几种情况
定语从句中用Which的几种情况 Abstract :Generally, when talking about the differences between “that”and “which”in the Attributive Clauses, teachers like to emphasize the uses of “that”. So most students are familiar with them and know how to use “that”.But many of th e students don’t know the relative pronoun “which” also has many uses .In the past few years, “which”appeared more frequently in NMET than “that”.So in this article , the author mainly show us when to use “which” and give a complete conclusion of “which”. Key words: which 定语从句指代物指代人 通常，在讲定语从句关系代词“that”与“which”的区别时，老师喜欢强调“that”的用法，大部分学生对其比较熟悉，也知道如何使用“that”。然而，关系代词“which”的用法同样比较多。它既可以指物，也可以指人（这一点可能许多同学不太熟悉和了解）：既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。近几年来，高考对“which”的考查越来越多。请看下面几个高考题： 1 . The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_______ are sold abroad . (2004年辽宁卷, 答案:A .which指代物) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 2 . The journey around the world took the sailor nine months ,________ the sailing time was 226 days .(2004年广西卷,答案A . which 指代物) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 3 . Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ______ to produce the workings of his owm hands. (2005年湖南卷答案：B which 指代物) A. that B. in which C. by which D. on which 4 . The English play _______my students acted at the New Year’s party was great success .(200 5 年全国I卷答案:C which指代物) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 5 . Her sister has become a lawyer , _______ she wanted to be . ( 2005年湖北卷答案D which指代人) A. who B. that C. what D. which 因此，掌握“which”在何种情况下使用是非常有必要的。那么，“which”到底有那些用法呢？笔者在多年的教学实践中将“which”的用法进行了较全面的总结。现将其一些较特殊的和不常见的用法予以展示, 希望可对各位同仁和英语爱好者有所帮助。 一、先行词表物时下列情况只用which;不能用that： 1、在定语从句中,当关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时 Eg：①.The table under which the boy crawled was put up for aution. 男孩在下面爬的那张桌子被拿去拍卖了。 ②.Light is the fast thing in the world , the speed of which is 300,000 kilometers per second. 世界上光的速度是最快的,其速度是每秒三十万公里。 ③.He once participated the investigation the result of which will be soon published. 他参加了结果不久就将公布的那项调查。 另外，还可以在不定式作定语的结构中作介词宾语。此时不定式短语相当于一个定语从句。 Eg : ①. The key with which to open the door has been lost. 开这扇门的钥匙不见了。
最新定语从句中的that和which的区别
定语从句中的that和which的区别： that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。 只能用that的几种情况： 1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。We should do all that is useful to the people. Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. There is little work that is fit for you. 3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The best that I could do was to apologize. This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 This is the very book that I’m looking for. The only thing that we could do was to wait. 注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。 I need the same book that / as you have. 6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。 Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 That’s a good book that will help you a lot. Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。当表示时间，可用that 或when引导，都可省略。 I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world. I did't remember the exact time （when/that）I arrived in Shanghai last month. 只能使用which的情况: 1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 The house in which we live is very large. This is the reference book（参考书）of which the teacher is speaking. 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that。 This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
as引导定语从句的用法
as引导定语从句得用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导得非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”得意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country、 (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent、 (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer、 (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe、 ================================ As 得用法例 1、the same…as;such…as 中得as 就是一种固定结构, 与……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has)、 例2、as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health、 As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health、 As就是关系代词。例1中得as作know得宾语; 例2中,它充当从句得主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句得先行成分 1、形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义得介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如: My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is、 在一定得语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词得性质。这些名词主要就是那些表示人得身份、职业、状态得名词。值得一提得就是,在这些具有形容词性质得名词之后,引导定语从句得关系代词不能用who / whom、 2、动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可就是限定形式也可就是非限定形式。如果就是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式得替代动词do与as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。 3、句子作先行成分。 这句子可以就是整个主句也可以只就是主句中得一个从句。有时就是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以就是一个完整得故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中得位置 由于先行成分得构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中得位置有以下几种情况: 1、形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质得名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2、动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但就是,当从句中含有表示主观意志得插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3、句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句得位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分就是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分就是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词得相对位置不同可以使它产生不同得意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它得位置不能随便移动。在非正式得文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。 三、“as/which”特殊定语从句得语义功能 一般说来,as与which得语义功能相同,可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时,它们得语义功
which在非限制性定语从句的用法
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ② which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。
As引导的定语从句(含配套练习与答案)
As引导的定语从句（配练习与答案） 一、Review定语从句 1. 定语从句的基本用法 2. 限制性定从的基本用法 a. 作用：起限定作用, 不可省，使句意不完整。 b. 位置：位于先行词之后，不用逗号。 c. 翻译：用形容词的形式去翻译。 d. 修饰：先行词。 ! Eg: He has two sisters who are working in the city. （他有两个在城市里工作的妹妹。） 3.非限制性定从 a.作用：起补充说明, 可省。 b.位置：位于先行词之后，用逗号隔开。 c.翻译：译成两个并列句。 Eg: He has two sisters , who are working in the city. (他有两个妹妹，都在城市里工作。) d.不能用“that”引导非限制性定从。 e.修饰：先行词或整个句子。 (which可指代整个句子) f.^ g.Eg: He missed the show, which was a great pity. (他错过了那个节目，真是太遗憾 了。) h.表达先行词部分或全部的数量的结构为：先行词为人：some/all + of +whom 先行词为物：some/all + of +which Eg: Here are the questions , some of which I thought are very easy. 二、as 引导限制性定从 1. as 作关系代词, 可指人也可指物, 在从句中可作主语和宾语。 2. 固定搭配: such as (例如, 象这样)，as…..as (和…..一样)，the same as (与…..相同) Eg: Such people as had made great contributions should be respected. (主语) # Eg: You can take as many books as you need. （宾语） 三、As引导的非限定性定从句
定语从句中that和which的用法;微习题
that和which引导的定语从句：微习题 用which 或that填空： 1. You should hand in all _________you have. 2.Please send us all the information ________you have about the candidate for the position. 3. What is the first American film _______you have seen? 4.The first place________ they visited in London was the Big Ben. 5. This is the best________ has been used against pollution. 6.This is the most exciting film _______I ever seen. 7. They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school. 8. Which is the T-shirt _______ fits me most? 9. That is the very book _____he is looking for. 10.He is the only man _______ can do the work. 11. Tom was late for work again this morning，_______ made the boss angry. 12. Football, ________is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 13. This is the place in _______ Lu Xun used to live. 14. The chair on ______ she sat is made of wood. 15. He lived in a big house, in front of _______ stood a big tall tree. 答案： 1. that 2. that 3. that 4.that 5. that 6. that 7. that 8. that 9. that 10. that 11. which 12. which 13. which 14. which 15. which
定语从句中 which,that 的用法与区别
定语从句中 which,that 的用法与区别 只能使用that的情况： 1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。 e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 e.g. I have some books that are very good. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last, next等)所修饰时。 e.g. This is the first book that I bought mysel f. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 e.g. Which is the bike that you lost? 为了避免重复时用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting. 5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物. China is no longer the country that she was. 6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that . Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 7.在there be句型中,只用that. He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject. 8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only，the same 等词修饰时。 e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 9.当先行词又有人又有物时。 e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw. 10. 先行词被all, every, no, any, little, some, much等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. 只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。 e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 4. 非限定性定语从句修饰的是前面的整个句子，而且关系代词和关系副词前面有逗号, 用which开始的定语从句修饰前面半句 e.g. He will wear no clothes, which will distinguish（区分，辨别）him from his fellow men.