过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作定语和表语

一．过去分词作定语

【观察】

1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

3. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.

4. Is there anyone injured?

【总结】

1. 过去分词作定语时，表示动作在之前发生，已经完成并往往具有

的意思。（见例句3）。此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由及物动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。

2. 单个的过去分词作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词（见例句2，3）；但如果被修饰的词是由every╱some╱any╱nothing╱nobody╱no one所构成的不定代词╱指示代词those时，单个的过去分词要放在被修饰的词（见例句4）。作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词的后面，当后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个定语从句，见例句1.试翻译：

The student dressed in white is my daughter.

= 变为定语从句_______________________＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

3. 某些表示情感或状态的过去分词当定语并不表示被动或完成，因其已形容词化，如例句2.

【辨析】：过去分词与现在分词作定语时的区别：

过去分词作定语时，一般表示被动或完成意义；而现在分词作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，往往表示动作正在进行。

1. The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.

2. There are many boys playing football on the playground.

二．过去分词作表语

【观察】

1.He was interested in two theories.

2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed

to cholera.

【总结】

过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成结构，表示主语的性质，特征或状态。

【辨析】：过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：前者表示主语的状态和特征，可被very修饰；而后者则表示动作，不能被程度副词very修饰。试比较：

Miss Green was very pleased with the dish which was cooked by herself. (was very pleased) 是系表结构；而was cooked是被动语态，表动作，不能把very放在cooked 之前。

【辨析】：过去分词作表语与动词-ing作表语的区别：过去分词作表语，表示被动或

完成，有时表示主语所处的心理状态；而动词-ing作表语，表示主动或进行。如：Mr. Smith was very tired of the speech that was boring.现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。

【例】The film “Harry Potter”is really exciting, and I am excited about it

试用正确形式填空：

Her __________ (excite) voice suggested that she was ___________ (excite). 三．语法巩固练习：

1. Most of the people ___________________ were his old schoolmates. （被邀请到

晚会）

用定语从句改写：———————————————————————————————

2. The United States is a _________ country. (develop)

用定语从句改写：—————————————————————————————————

3.When he heard the ________ (move) story, he was deeply __________ (move).

4.There are 220 children __________ in the art school. (study)

5.The experience _________ will be of great value to us. (gain)

6.翻译：我从图书馆借了一本马克. 吐温写的书。

_________________________________________________________________ 7.用过去分词作定语合并句子：

In 1983, there were only 200 computers.

They were connected to the Internet.

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