上海市黄浦区高考一模政治试题
上海市静安区2025届高三政治上学期一模考试12月试题含解析
上海市静安区2025届高三政治上学期一模考试（12月）试题（含解析）1. 马克思主义认为，在我们的政治生活中， ______ 问题处于核心地位。
（）A. 经济利益B. 社会管理C. 国家政权【答案】C【考点】主权国家的构成要素国家与国家性质【解析】本题考查：国家和国家性质；主权国家的构成要素1 、国家和国家性质：（ 1 ）国家的含义：从国家的本质看，国家是经济上占统治地位的阶级进行阶级统治的工具，阶级性是国家的本质属性。
从国家的基本构成要素来看，人口、领土、政权和主权是一个国家存在和发展不行缺少的基本条件。
（ 2 ）国家性质：国家的性质即国体，就是国家的阶级本质。
统治阶级的性质确定国家的性质。
因此推断国家性质的根本标记是看国家政权驾驭在什么阶级手中，实行的是为哪个阶级服务的政策。
划分国家历史类型的依据是国家性质2 、主权国家的构成要素：人口、领土、政权、主权。
其中最重要的是主权，处于核心地位的是国家政权。
【解答】AB 不符合题意，在政治生活中，经济利益与社会管理的问题均不处于核心地位，处于重要地位。
C 符合题意，国家政权是指驾驭国家主权的政治组织及其所驾驭的政治权力，以维护对社会的统治和管理。
在我们的政治生活中，国家政权问题处于核心地位。
2. “要坚持不懈用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装官兵，持续培育当代革命军人核心价值观”。
这一要求表明，当前，摆在国防和军队各项改革建设首位的。
（）A. 科技强军建设B. 思想政治建设C. 作战实力建设【答案】B【考点】加强国防和人民军队建设【解析】本题考查：加强国防和人民军队建设坚持党对军队确定领导绝不是一句空洞口号，必需落实在行动上。
将思想政治建设摆在国防和军队各项改革建设的首位，着力打牢部队听党指挥的思想根基，增进信党爱党的思想情感，锤炼忠诚于党的政治品行。
确保部队确定忠诚、确定纯净、确定牢靠，始终忠于党、忠于社会主义、忠于祖国、忠于人民，为实现中华民族的宏大复兴供应平安保障。
上海市黄浦区2024届高三年级一模考试地理试卷(附答案)
印尼雅万高铁位置示意图上海市黄浦区2024届高三年级一模考试地理试卷（完卷时间： 60分钟 满分： 100分）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试卷与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（简答题、填空题等）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并正确填涂准考证号。
3．答题纸与试卷在试卷编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、印度尼西亚横跨亚洲及大洋洲，是全球最大的群岛国家，读图文资料，回答问题。
（20分） 材料一：2023年10月17日，中国、印尼合作的雅万高铁正式开通运营，该铁路是中国“一带一路”倡议背景下两国务实合作的标志性工程。
高铁所在岛屿位于板块活跃地带，中部地势高。
高铁线路桥、隧长度占比约76%，高铁车身配有由印尼国宝级动物“科莫多龙”纹理抽象而来的红色多边形图案。
材料二：印尼新几内亚岛上的查亚峰临近赤道，海拔高度4884米，是全球最高的岛屿山峰，近来有专家表示受厄尔尼诺现象影响该山峰的冰川将在2025年到2027年之间完全消失。
1．雅万高铁的开通充分体现出“一带一路”国际合作中的 。
（2分）A ．设施联通B ．贸易畅通C ．资金融通D ．政策沟通 2．印尼国宝级动物“科莫多龙”是世界现存最大的蜥蜴，该类物种最初出现在地球上的地质年代是 。
（2分）A ．元古代B ．古生代C ．中生代D ．新生代 3．雅万高铁全程桥隧占比高的主要原因是 。
（2分）A ．节约沿线耕地B ．降低建设成本C ．维护生态环境D ．确保运行安全4．厄尔尼诺现象是太平洋海域洋流与大气相互作用的结果，当东南信风 （1） （选择：A ．减弱：B ．增强），南赤道暖流 （2） （选择：A ．减弱：B ．增强）时，厄尔尼诺现象发生，此时赤道太平洋西岸地区海水温度较常年 （3） （选择：A ．偏高：B ．偏低），盛行 （4） （选择：A ．上升：B ．下沉）气流，导致印尼地区出现气象灾害，加剧查亚峰冰川消亡。
上海市黄浦区2024届高三年级一模考试语文试卷(附答案)
上海市黄浦区2024届高三年级一模考试试卷语 文(完卷时间：150分钟 满分：150分）考生注意：1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试卷与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
3.答题纸与试卷在试卷编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、积累运用10分1.按要求填空。
(5分)（1）良将劲弩守要害之处， 。
(贾谊《过秦论》)（2）曾记否，到中流击水， 。
(毛泽东《 ·长沙》)（3）君子能够兼得先天之质朴本性与后天之修饰华美，正如孔子在《论语·雍也》中说道： , 。
2.按要求做答。
(5分)（1）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（ ）我从何知道我存在呢？笛卡尔给出了这一问题的答案：通过我思！ , 。
, ， , 。
笛卡尔想要克服这种逻辑，在他看来，我思不需要任何前提，因为它是自明的。
①后来的研究表明，这一证明有一些薄弱之处②“我思”才可以推导出“我存在”③这一答案超过了以前的所有答案④因为这一形式并非如笛卡尔所认为的那样 6&⑤完全没有预设⑥逻辑学家认为，只有当人们接受了“思考者存在”这一大前提A.①⑤④⑥②③B.⑥③⑤②①④C.②③⑥④①⑤D. ③①⑥⑤④②（2）下列用课文中的相关内容来阐释《乡土中国》的概念错误的一项是 (3分)A.《记念刘和珍君》段祺瑞执政府命令向请愿群众开枪，是横暴权力压制反抗的典型例子。
B.《为了忘却的记念》青年作家进行革命活动，是在实施体现社会合理分工的同意权力。
C.《小二黑结婚》二诸葛绝不允许小二黑婚姻自主，他依仗的是社会继替中的长老权力D.《包身工》中受东洋厂剥削廉价的包身工，是掌握有横暴权力的支配者压榨的被支配者二、阅读 70分(一)阅读下文，完成第3‐7题。
(16分)①在现实工作中，谈判专家很难被划归为一种职业，也很少有人意识到自己具备了这个身份。
2024届上海杨浦区高三一模政治试题及答案
杨浦区2023~2024学年第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三思想政治2023. 12 考生注意：1．试卷共5页，答题纸共1页。
作答前，在答题纸指定位置填写姓名及考试号。
2．所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域，不得错位。
3．“单选”是指每小题只有一个正确选项，“多选”是指每小题有两个或两个以上正确选项，不得全选。
一、“千万工程”助力乡村振兴“千村示范、万村整治”工程（简称“千万工程”）是习近平总书记在浙江工作时亲自谋划、亲自部署、亲自推动的一项重大决策。
20年来，浙江持之以恒实施“千万工程”，探索出一条加强农村人居环境整治、全面推进乡村振兴、建设美丽中国的科学路径。
其中，李祖村是浙江“千万工程”显著成效的一个缩影，承载着乡村建设的万千期待。
（共34分）1、21世纪初，浙江省3. 4万个村庄中，3万个村环境较差，呈现出“室内现代化、室外脏乱差”的景象，“起早贪黑赚钞票，垃圾堆里数钞票，躺在医院花钞票”成为一些村民的写照。
下列选项中，能够准确归纳当时村民生活本质的是，我国________。
（单选）（3分）A. 发展已经超越社会主义初级阶段B. 社会的主要矛盾已发生重大转变C. 应坚持“以人为本”的发展理念2、时任浙江省委书记的习近平同志在广泛深入调查研究基础上，作出了实施“千万工程”的战略决策，提出从全省近四万个村庄中选择一万个左右的行政村进行全面整治，把其中一千个左右的中心村建成全面小康示范村。
根据材料，下列选项中，对这一战略决策的制定与实施理解正确的是________。
（多选）（4分）A. 这一战略决策的实施有助于提升浙江省广大农民的生活水平B. 决策以开展广泛的调研为基础体现了党永葆生机活力的法宝C. 示范村经验能被推广的原因在于矛盾的普遍性寓于特殊性中D. 决策成功的原因在于处理中央与地方关系时贯彻了民主集中制3、正是在这样的背景下，李祖村开始了它的蜕变之旅，开展了路面硬化、路灯亮化等工程。
2025届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模英语试卷
黄浦区2024学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷2024年12月（完卷时间：105分钟满分：115分）第Ⅰ卷（共75分）I．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Ancient Philosophy Behind The SignThe Sign, a 28-minute episode of the kids TV show has been hotly anticipated—and its story is a deep reflection on change.The much-loved Australian cartoon about Bluey, a seven-year-old blue dog has been a worldwide phenomenon since it (1)______ (launch) back in 2018. Alongside more genuinely laugh-out-loud moments than in mosthigh-time comedies, it contains more serious elements too, such as brief introductions of parenting situations (2)______ will be painfully familiar to any guardians or caregivers, as well as inferences to fateful life events (3)______ death and marriage. It’s exploring an adult world with the joyous, surreal excitement of childhood.(4) ______ viewers won’t have predicted will be how much this episode draws from Taoist philosophy. It is an ancient Chinese belief system based on trying (5) ______ (exist) in harmony with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s moving away, her teacher Calypso reads a story (6) ______ (call) The Farmer. The story follows a series of events happening, and each time, the neighbours tell the farmer that it’s “good luck” or“bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies to each situation, “We’ll see”. “Is it a happy or sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “Both,” says Calypso. “I don’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will work out the way that (7) ______ is supposed to, Bluey,” she replies.The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text (8) ______ (date) back to 139 BC, and it reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us (9) ______ (be) “good” or“bad”. (10) ______ we are open to change and trust that things will work out for the best, we are sure to make it.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How to Get the Most Out of Alone TimeSolitude is a state of being alone or away from others. It is distinct from loneliness, a feeling of emptiness or sadness arising from a perceived lack of desired connection with others. While we think of loneliness as a negativeemotional state, solitude can be a positive and 11 experience.As social creatures, we are conditioned to live in groups and seek approval and belonging. If we spend too much time alone, we can become 12 awkward, making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us. If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run, mainly because you can’t 13 being alone while transitioning to a better situation.Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth. It can allow you to focus on your thoughts and feelings, gain 14 on personal challenges, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself. Solitude can also be a way to 15 and find peace amid the demands and distractions of modern life.It’s essential to 16 a balance between solitude and social interaction. Different individuals have17 needs for solitude, and finding the right amount that matches your well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. You’d better 18 daily time for solitude. Plan some time to be with yourself daily to enjoy the benefits of solitude. For instance, at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself and come back 19 . Be aware of self- judgments about taking time for yourself. Wanting to be alone can be seen as 20 or anti-social; you should think about others and do things for them instead. Kindly challenge these self-judgments and respond to them with positive statements, like that taking time for oneself is essential for self-care and mental health. Ⅱ．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each-blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity by 21 themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions.To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of 22 . It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to 23 positive experiences. After you’ve enjoyed that 24 moment, close your eyes and recount out loud where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus 25 your memory of them, and increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward.Here are some other adjustments you can make to develop a positive mind-set.Expand your joy 26 : Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be 27 , using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great.Share your highlight reel(高光时刻): 28 what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person—and also strengthen a bond.Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to 29 the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person showed up, you could easily view that as a (n) 30 . But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better.Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching and think of the best possible 31 . If you’re tired, 32 smiling at your friend across the room, feeling proud. Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more 33 experiences.Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel 34 with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats—but by constantly 35 disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to behave like happy people if we actually want to be happy.21．A．attracting B．demonstrating C．entertaining D．training 22．A．accomplishment B．belonging C．identity D．responsibility 23．A．broaden B．postpone C．provide D．share24．A．critical B．daily C．rare D．spare 25．A．recalling B．recovering C．searching D．strengthening 26．A．reflection B．selection C．trial D．vocabulary 27．A．brief B．creative C．precise D．secure 28．A．Broadcasting B．Choosing C．Defining D．Wondering 29．A．cover B．divide C．teach D．notice30．A．failure B．opportunity C．reward D．surprise 31．A．initiative B．outcome C．prize D．solution32．A．avoid B．imagine C．practice D．try33．A．direct B．inspiring C．sensory D．shared 34．A．content B．distracted C．easy D．uncomfortable 35．A．ending in B．guarding against C．heading for D．preparing forSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)How much ongoing joy can you get from something that weighs eight ounces(盎司)? For Simon Spichak, it’s a lot, thanks to a hedgehog that fits in his hand.Mr. Spichak, a 29-year-old science writer who lives in Toronto, bought his new partner in May 2023 for $280 and named it Goober. He has spent an additional $200 on food, a wheel, bedding and toys, aswell as $150 in their first year together to visit a veterinarian(兽医).Goober has improved Mr. Spichak’s life in small and big ways, providing him withentertaining material to post to his social media accounts and helping to introduce him to some of his neighbors when he takes Goober around his block, where they’re met with delighted curiosity. “There are lots of people walking by from the neigh borhood who start conversations because of the hedgehog,” Mr. Spichak said.This is not an individual case.Ritesh Seth, a human resources specialist in Columbia, Md., bought a solid brass, Italian- made coffee potfor$400, and said it had helped him expand his network at his co-working space.“Other businessenterprises and start-ups who work out of the office space have noticed my coffee pot and out ofcuriosity come over to chat,” Mr. Seth, 38, said. “Usually, after the polite introductions. we discusswhat product or project we are working on, find common business challenges, refer potentialprospects and sometimes talk about sports.”Millennials (born from 1981 to 1996) and Generation Z(born from 1997 to 2012) are more likely than older generations to make spending on nonessential purchases a priority, according to a study published last year by Intuit. The study suggested that this was because younger generations placed a high value on personal growth and mental happiness. While gym memberships or self-help books may be more obvious purchases for improving lives, less typical options, even unusual ones, can make a lasting difference by helping people find happiness and connect to new communities.36．What did Goober bring to Simon?A．It inspired him to pursue a science writing career.B．It helped him save money on veterinary expenses.C．It enriched his social media and neighborhood connections.D．It gained him fame by achieving recognition in the community.37．With the coffee pot as ______, Ritesh expanded his network at his co-working space.A．a conversation starter B．a marketable productC．a pilot project D．a technical challenge38．Compared with older generations, Millennials and Generation Z ______.A．spend more time on gym memberships and self-help booksB．prefer to spend on non-essential items for self-growth and emotional joyC．favour financial security over personal development and mental happinessD．show less interest in connecting to new communities through unique items39．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A．Business-Generation Tools B．Career-Pursuit ChoicesC．Community-Service Pets D．Life-Improvement Purchases(B)Chapter 1 What is critical thinking?Learning outcomesThis chapter gives you opportunities to:√understand what critical thinking is√find out about the early roots and later developments of critical thinking√recognize some of the benefits associated with critical thinking skills√recognize the personal qualities connected to critical thinking√recognize barriers to the development of good critical thinking skills√assess your current understanding of critical thinking and identify your priorities for improvementIntroductionThis chapter provides a general introduction to critical thinking. It examines what is meant by “critical thinking”, the skills associated with it, and the barriers that can slow down effective development of critical approaches. Many people can find it difficult to order their thoughts in a logical, consistent and reasoned way. This book starts from the idea that skills in reasoning can be developed through a better understanding of what critical thinking involves, and by practice.Critical thinking is a cognitive activity connected to using the mind. Learning to think in critically analytical and evaluative ways means using mental processes such as attention (concentrating on specific details and information), categorization (the process of organizing information into categories based on shared characteristics), selection (selecting relevant information), and judgement (the ability to assess and form well- reasoned conclusions or opinions based on available evidence). However, many people who have the potential to develop more effective critical thinking can be prevented from doing so for a variety of reasons apart from a lack of ability. In particular, personal and emotional, or “affective”, reasons can create barriers.You are invited to consider, in this chapter, how far such barriers could be affecting your own thinking abilities and how you will manage them.40．According to the learning outcomes, which of the following topics is most likely to be included in Chapter 1? A．Significant works in critical thinking B．Teaching strategies for critical thinking C．Critical thinking: individual or collective? D．Critical thinking: Where does it come from? 41．What can a reader learn in this chapter?A．How a mental process works and what role it plays in making logical reasoning.B．What defines cognitive activity and how emotions can shape critical thinking skills.C．Why individuals possess varying abilities to think critically and how to assess them.D．What is critical thinking and how it can be developed through understanding and practice.42．Which of the following examples best illustrates the mental process of categorization?A．A student chooses articles that are related to his topic from a large database.B．A student focuses on the main points the teacher emphasizes in a physics class.C．A student sorts notes by grouping them according to different historical periods.D．A student decides which arguments to include in his essay after weighing the evidence.(C)①I read “Middlemarch” in college. None in my class got it. Why would Dorothea make such a decis ion on her marriage? “Trust me, you’ll read this book again when you’re forty, and you’ll say, ‘Oh, I see!’” our professor said.②Yet there’s a theory behind the assignment of “Middlemarch”: knowledge acquired too early gets stored away. Patterns of thinking established now will be retraced later; ideas encountered first in art will prepare us for the rest of life. This sounds unclear, until you reflect on the fact that you take a class in law school today only to argue a complicated case years later. Knowledge must often molder in our mental warehouses for decades until we figure out what to do with it.③Leslie Valiant, a distinguished computer scientist, calls our ability to learn over the long term “educability”. In his new book, “The Importance of Being Educable,” he argues that it’s key to our success. When we think about what makes our minds special, we tend to focus on intelligence. But if we want to grasp reality in all its complexity, Valiant writes, then “c leverness is not enough.” We need to build comprehensive and flexible theories about the world—theories that will serve us in new, unanticipated, and strange circumstances—and we do that by gathering diverse kinds of knowledge, often in a slow, additive, accidental way, and knitting them together. Through this process, we acquire systems of beliefs that are broader and richer than the ones we can create through direct personal experience.④An educable mind, he writes, can learn from books, lectures, conversations, experiences, —from anything, really—and notice when relevant aspects of almost forgotten knowledge reveal themselves. We admire aspects of someone’s educability when we say that they are a quick study, but what really makes them educable is that they apply insights “for purposes not foreseen at the time of the study”. When people strike us as particularlywell-educated, this might mean that they have had lots of school, but it could also mean that they’re exceptionally educable, with the ability to take good advantage of whatever educational opportunities arise, whether formal or informal.⑤Valiant thinks it might be useful to promote educability as an ideal. We could try to figure out how to measure and teach it in schools, or to encourage it in adults; at a time when rapid technological change means there’s always more to learn, we might seek to create a more educable society in general.43．The underlined word “molder” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “______”.A．become out-of-date B．keep practical C．remain inactive D．stay safe 44．Which of the following mind map correctly illustrate the relationship among knowledge, theory and beliefs?A．B．C．D．45．What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A．True educability lies in presenting insights for unforeseen purposes.B．A quick learner overestimates the value of learning from all sources.C．Schooling ensures that an educable mind can seize all learning opportunities.D．An educable mind pursues learning even without an immediate goal in mind.46．The passage is intended to ______.A．introduce a book on educability B．maximize the benefits of educabilityC．inspire people to create an educable society D．recommend a distinguished computer scientist Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Hiking: How to Get StartedHiking, a form of exercise older than exercise itself, is so hot right now. For dedicated hikers, hiking offers freedom and perspective. But for those of us who haven’t spent serious time outdoors since summer camp, ahalf-day hike can be difficult. How can you avoid getting lost or injured? Do you really need special hiking shoes?47If you’re relatively active, you’re probably already training just by going for walks. 48 To train for sharper land, walk up hills or take the stairs instead of a lift.The key to a relaxing hike is being as prepared as possible for the unknown, whether it’s a sudden downpour or an injured ankle. Every hiker should bring the 10 essentials, which include food and drink, first aid supplies, a map and compass and rainwear. 49 You don’t need to invest in special hiking shoes. You do need to wear shoes that offer firmness and protection, especially if the track is rocky, sharp or potentially muddy.Finally, to avoid injury, don’t push yourself too hard or fast through more challenging tracks. Remember:50 Slow down, take in the scenery, listen to the birds, and just be present in nature.Ⅲ．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How to Make a Good Video Resumé(简历)?Video resumés have been around for a long time. With a well-made video resumé, you can present yourself creatively and allow a hiring manager to assess your personality, thus giving you an opportunity for interview. But how to make a good video resumé?First, start by introducing yourself and addressing the company you are applying to. For example, “Hello InVideo, I’m John Doe”. Not only does this get their attention but it makes them feel prioritized. The next thing is to address what profession you’re in or desire to be in. If you’re a filmmaker, you can simply state that or be creative with words and say you’re a visual storyteller.Then, talk about your passion for what you do and support it by referring to your past experiences and work. For example, building on the filmmaker’s introduction, you could talk about how meeting people from around the world and sharing their stories deeply motivates you, and then you can share an experience that supports it. You can also focus on life experiences that have led you to cultivate skills-like taking a year off to travel abroad, volunteering at a shelter, or a hobby that you actively pursue. You can also speak about your special achievements and awards that will add value to your profile or you can get someone to speak on behalf of you as social proof.At the end of the video, leave the ball in their court. However, you also need to give them a reason to call you for an interview. For example, you could end the video with this-“I have a lot more to me than I could fit in this short video and I hope you give me a chance to tell y ou about it over an interview”.第Ⅱ卷（共40分）IV．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52．这款饮料由水果和蔬菜汁混合而成，味道很好。
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模化学试卷(含答案)
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模化学试卷2024年1月（完卷时间：60分钟满分：100分）考生注意：1．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、考号。
作答必须按对应位置涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
2．标注“双选”的试题，每小题有两个正确选项；未特别标注的选择类试题，每小题只有一个正确选项。
相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23一、氯碱工业氯碱工业有重要的价值，氯碱产品可作为基础原材料，其他物质与之发生反应可得到更多的化工产品。
1．写出氯碱工业生产原理的化学方程式___________________________。
2．利用右图装置模拟氯碱工业，下列说法正确的是___________。
（双选）A．电极a连接电源负极B．该过程中化学能转变为电能C．食盐必须先除去钙、镁等离子D．负离子可以透过交换膜3．下列关于氯气或氯元素的叙述中，正确的是___________。
A．Cl2以液态形式存在时可称作氯水B．液氯中含有大量的氯离子C．氯离子和氯气均有刺激性气味D．氯气有毒，氯离子无毒4．管道疏通剂可以疏通家庭厨卫管道。
某种固体疏通剂的主要成分含有NaOH和铝粉，管道中加入疏通剂与水发生反应，写出反应的化学方程式___________________________。
5．固体疏通剂改进后的凝胶管道疏通剂，其主要成分包括氢氧化钠、次氯酸钠和表面活性剂（如烷基氧化胺），此外还加入了增稠剂等。
下列说法错误的是___________。
A．凝胶状的形态，在确保高效的疏通效果的同时减小管道损坏程度B．接触到堵塞物后会附着于表面，达到快速分解堵塞物的效果C．遇水产生大量气体有利于管道疏通，但是要注意避免明火D．表面活性剂在水中可形成包括胶束、微乳等，具有超分子结构烧碱生产亚硫酸钠过程：（1）纯碱溶液吸收SO2；（2）吸收SO2后的溶液中加液碱；（3）结晶干燥。
生产过程中的pH的变化如下图所示。
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黄浦区2012学年度第一学期高三年级期终考试 政治试卷（一模） （完卷时间：120分钟，满分150分）
考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、单项选择题（共90分，每小题3分。每小题只有一个正确选项） 1.近年来我国居民旅游消费增长迅速，借着旅游业的东风，酒店业得到突围发展，民航公司的扩展计划也在稳步推进。由此可见 A.生产决定消费 B.消费对生产有动力作用 C.精神消费有助于物质消费的提高 D.消费结构的优化归根到底是由生产发展水平决定的 2.2012年2月份,全国居民消费价格总水平同比上涨3.2%，其中，食品价格同比上涨6.2%。假如居民家庭消费支出总额基本不变，食品类价格涨幅长期高于居民消费价格总水平的涨幅，则恩格尔系数的走向是 A.不变 B.上升 C.下降 D.可能上升，也可能下降 3.十八大报告提出，大力推进生态文明建设。以下能有效地促进生态文明建设的举措是 A．守住十八亿亩耕地红线 B．大力发展循环经济 C．努力提高企业劳动生产效益 D．大力发展劳动密集型产业 4.2012年针对严峻的就业形势，国家采取了一揽子扩大就业的政策措施，这必然会给社会经济发展带来重大影响。你认为这些政策措施合理的传导顺序是 ①获得工资收入 ②刺激居民消费 ③扩大生产规模 ④增加就业岗位 A．①—②—③—④ B．④—①—②—③ C．②—③—④—① D．④—③—①—② 5.风险性是居民投资理财考虑的一个重要因素。下列投资理财的风险性从高到低顺序排列，正确的是 ①工商银行储蓄 ②证券市场投资股票 ③购买国库券 ④购买企业债券 A．①②③④ B．④②③① C．④①②③ D．②④①③ 6.国务院在2012年深化经济体制改革重点工作意见中指出，要鼓励民间资本进入铁路、市政、金融、能源、电信、教育、医疗等领域，鼓励、引导民间资本进行重组联合和参与国有企业改革。这意味着 A．我国强化公有制的主体地位 B．非公有制经济将获得与公有制相同的地位 C．国家鼓励各种所有制经济平等竞争、相互促进 D．非公有制经济与公有制经济的界限逐渐淡化 7.2012年12月下旬至2013年春节前，上海各级工会组织开展以“心系职工情，温暖进万家”为主题的送温暖活动，预计各级工会筹集的帮扶总资金将达1.5亿元以上。这属于完善社会保障制度的内容是 A．社会保险 B．社会救济 C．社会互助 D．社会福利 8.2012年12月我国中海油公司以151亿美元收购加拿大尼克森公司。中海油公司将留用尼克森所有管理层和员工，以充分利用其优秀的管理、技术和经营能力。中海油此举的积极作用在于 A.形成行业垄断格局 B. 增强中海油国际化经营能力 C. 加速资本周转 D. 根本上解决我国能源安全问题 9.在2012年2月举办的西半球最大的国际玩具展上，备受青睐的中国传统玩具，如毽子、风筝、不倒翁等，都是经过外国厂商重新设计，并以其品牌参展的。作为全球最大玩具生产国，我国企业面对这一现状应采取的对策是 A．降低生产成本，扩大企业规模 B．加强自主研发，打造知名品牌 C．优化企业管理，提高生产效率 D．扩大广告效应，拓展国际市场 10.我国是人民民主专政的国家。我国人民民主专政的国家政权的阶级基础是 A. 工人阶级 B. 农民阶级 C. 知识分子 D. 工农联盟 11.组织社会公共服务是我国国家政权对内行使国家职能的重要内容之一。下列属于国家政权行使这一职能的是 A. 国务院发布关于促进企业技术改造的指导意见 B. 中央财政继续加大农田水利建设投入力度 C. 国务院公布《农业保险条例》 D. 国家扩大重大疾病保障试点病种范围 12.2012年12月20日前,上海市各区县先后选举产生新一届上海市人大代表。上海市人大代表的产生途径是 A．各区县选民直接投票选举 B.各区县人大代表投票选举 C．各区县机关干部投票选举 D.各区县政协委员投票选举 13.2012年11月16日，国务院第628号令明确，从2013年元旦起废止《铁路旅客意外伤害强制保险条例》（下称《条例》）。此举表明国务院 A．努力建设法治政府 B．是国家权力机关的执行机关 C．享有一定的立法权 D．为人民谋利益，接受人民监督 14.党的十八大报告提出，要完善基层民主制度，健全充满活力的基层群众自治机制。下列属于基层群众自治组织的是 A．高校学生会 B.社区居民委员会 C．乡镇镇委会 D.企业董事会 15.全国人大是我国最高国家权力机关，具有最高的决定权。下列属于全国人大行使最高决定权的是 A．听取和审查国务院工作报告 B．听取和审查全国人大常委会工作报告 C．审查和批准国家的预算和预算执行情况的报告 D. 听取和审查最高人民法院的工作报告 16.司法机关是维护正义和保持社会稳定、建立法治社会的重要力量。我国司法机关在建立法治社会中必须坚持的一项根本原则是 A.依法独立行使职权 B.自觉接受全国人大监督 C.努力维护国家尊严 D.人民利益至上 17.各地政府部门在干部选拔任用中,积极探索运用“网上公示”、“网上述职”等考核方法,充分吸收群众意见。这使得公民在政治生活中有了更多合法渠道参与 A.民主选举 B.民主监督 C.民主管理 D.民主决策 18.近日大陆和台湾两岸 “国号”问题引起广泛关注，2012年12月26日，国台办发言人在回应两岸有关“国号”的问题时表示，两岸之间什么都可以谈，前提是坚持 A.两制并存 B.和平统一 C.一个中国 D.求同存异 19.根据《中华人民共和国海岛保护法》,国家海洋局、民政部公布了钓鱼岛及其部分附属岛屿的标准名称。这是主权国家行使 A．平等权 B．自卫权 C．管辖权 D．监督权 20.以下工作人员中是公务员的有 A．居委会主任 B．公立中学校长 C. 检察院检察官 D．律师 21.中共中央2012年9月3日在中南海召开党外人士座谈会，就中共十八大报告征求意见稿听取各民主党派中央、全国工商联领导人和无党派人士的意见和建议。这表明 A．中国共产党和各民主党派共同执政 B．中国共产党和民主党派相互监督 C．共产党执政、多党派参政是我国政党制度的显著特征 D．中国共产党对各民主党派实施政治领导、思想领导和组织领导 22.在快节奏生活的时代，人们提出了“慢生活”理念,一些人逐步接受了该理念，并落实到行动中，加入到“慢餐饮”、“慢旅游”、“慢运动”等行列。这反映了 A. 世界观决定方法论 B. 哲学来源于人们形成的世界观 C. 方法论影响世界观 D. 哲学是对具体生活的概括和升华 23.人们常说良好的精神状态是事业成功的保证。这体现的哲学道理是 A. 意识具有目的计划性 B. 意识具有直接现实性 C. 意识具有主观能动性 D. 意识具有科学预见性 24.我国古代哲学思想中有“天地成于元气，万物乘于天地”的说法，认为“元气”是构成天地万物的本原。这种哲学观点属于( ) A．朴素唯物主义 B．主观主义 C．形而上学唯物主义 D．辩证唯物主义 25.早期人类的生产生活往往依赖河流，视河流为主宰命运之神而顶礼膜拜。工业革命后，人类以河流的主人自居，肆意开发利用河流，遭到了河流的报复。今天，人们重新认识人与河流的关系，致力于追求人与河流的和谐。由此可见 A.认识对实践具有决定作用 B.实践的最终目的是形成理性认识 C.认识必然在实践中打上历史和时代的烙印 D. 认识是促进实践发展的根本动力 26.秋冬干燥，补水显得尤为重要。专家提醒，补水并非多多益善，有时过量饮水，反而可能危害健康。由此可见 A.发展是量变和质变的辩证统一 B.事物的发展最终是要通过质变实现的 C.在实践中要坚持适度的原则 D.量变过程中渗透着部分质变 27.中国共产党非常重视创新的作用，在党的十八大报告中，“创新”一词出现了55次。坚持创新就要 A.坚持怀疑一切，勇于否定权威 B.坚持对既有的科学成果的辩证否定 C.坚持解放思想，力求原始创新 D. 否定一切旧事物，支持一切新事物 28.近百年来，人类关于储存介质的发明，经历了从录音带到软盘、光盘、U盘等的过程。随着科技进步，存储能力更强的介质还将不断出现。这说明 A. 事物总处在渐进和不显著的变化中 B. 事物发展的道路是迂回的、曲折的 C. 事物发展的方向是前进的和上升的 D. 发展就是事物内部结构和功能的进步 29.实践是人们能动地改造客观世界的活动。下列属于调整和变革社会关系的实践有 A．神舟九号与天宫一号成功交会 B．提高农民大病医疗费用“报销”比例 C．农民利用塑料大棚种植反季节蔬菜 D．全党深入学习十八大精神 30. 党的十八大报告指出：解决好农业农村农民问题是全党工作重中之重，城乡发展一体化是解决“三农”问题的根本途径。从哲学上看这是因为 A.矛盾同一性是事物发展的源泉和重要动力 B.矛盾以人们的主观意志为转移 C.矛盾的斗争性在事物发展中起决定作用 D.矛盾是事物变化发展的动力
二、简答题（共32分，第31题6分，第32题11分、第33题9分、第34题6分） 31.2012年11月8日－14日党的十八大在北京召开，2268名代表出席会议。十八大代表在构成上与十七大相比，呈现了如下新特点：一是生产和工作第一线党员代表数量增加；二是工人党员代表比例较大幅度提高；三是女党员代表、少数民族党员代表数量增加；四是代表年龄结构比较合理、学历层次较高；五是改革开放以来入党的党员成为十八大代表的主体。 请从党的性质和党的建设角度简要回答十八大代表结构变化的意义。（6分）
32.第67届联合国大会2012年11月29日以138票赞成、9票反对、41票弃权的表决结果通过决议，决定在联合国给予巴勒斯坦观察员国地位。联大当天共有188个会员国参加投票，其中法国、俄罗斯、中国等国投了赞成票，德国、英国等国弃权，美国、以色列和加拿大等国投了反对票。 （1）当今世界，国家和国家之间的关系之所以会出现分离聚合、亲疏冷热的变化，其决定性因素是什么？（2分） （2）联大是联合国的什么机构？其决议的效力如何？（4分）