专业英语第二单元12课翻译

Lesson 12 Commercial Vehicle Emission in Perspective

第12课商用车排放

小组成员：061310122李明泽061310125薛继成

061310126阚孟华061310127王纪伟

061310128王心愿061310129陈树勇Abstract

Since the difference between the gasoline engine and diesel engine , the displacement detection method for detecting different . Gasoline engine and diesel engine emissions results collected units are g / km and g / kW • h. Due to serious environmental pol lution, Passenger cars entering into service after 31 December 1992 have to comply with EC Directive 91/441/EEC and meet the conformity of production levels.After the meet EC Directive 91/542/EEC, multiplied by 50 is the emissions of 7.5 tons per hour of a truck.The 7.5 t truck is comparable with the car in terms of CO and PM and some five times worse as regards HC + NOx .On this same basis the car produces twice as much CO per litre of fuel as the truck and the diesel car produces 50% more PM per litre of fuel than the truck.As ultimately, it is the amount of fuel burned and efficiency with which it is burned that determines the overall amount of pollution created.

In Britain, for example ,the UK burns the equivalent of 220×10^6t of oil every year. The total transport figure of 42.86 mtoe is made up of: rail 0.63, water 1.32, aviation 6.2 and road 34.71, with road representing 81% of total transport energy and just under 16% of the total UK energy demand. All in all, the road haulage industry is hardly a major emission culprit.In the UK,transport and economic growth are seemingly irrevocably linked,with a rise or fall of activity of one affecting the other .

It is not possible to compare directly the amount of emissions put out by, say, a petrol car and a diesel bus because their engines are tested for emissions in different ways and the results given in different units.

直接比较由一辆汽油轿车一辆柴油公共汽车产生的排放量是不可能的，因为它们的发动机排量的检测采用的是不同的方法，实验结果所用的单位也不同。

Cars are tested on a rolling road dynamometer and the total exhaust collected in a very large plastic bag. The individual pollutants are isolated and weighed and the amount divided by the length of the ‘test drive’ to arrive at a result measured in g/km.

汽车是在滚道测功机上测试的，全部的污染物用一个大塑料袋子收集起来。各种污染物被分离、称重，所得的量除以实验过程的长短，从而得到以g/km为单位的结果。

In the case of a truck or bus, the engine is tested on an engine dynamometer and the weight of various pollutants is determined at a number of load and speed conditions using a full-flow technique. These individual results are given weightings to represent a real-world operating regime for the engine and the total is adjusted fr the power output and the results given in g/kW•h. With suitable data on engine fuel consumption it is, however, possible to convert from g/kW•h to g/km and vice versa.

在一辆货车或公共汽车的情况下，发动机是由发动机测功机测试的，用来确定不同负荷和功率的各种污染物的重量是用全流式技术测量的。这些结果被加权以表示发动机的实际工作状态，其总量根据功率输出修正，所得结果以g/kW•h为单位。

Passenger cars entering into service after 31 December 1992 have to comply with EC Directive 91/441/EEC and meet the conformity of production levels shown in Table 12.1. These limits will be in force until new, stricter limits are introduced in 1996. By way of comparison, consider a typical 7.5 t box van running at 70 km/h with its engine generating 50 kW. Under EC Directive 91/542/EEC (Euro 1) the conformity of production limits are shown in Table 12.2. Multiplying by 50 gives the amounts per hour for a typical 7.5t truck, as illustrated in Table 12.3. Dividing by 70 gives the amounts per kilometer, shown in Table 12.4.

客车在1992.12.31之后必须满足欧洲共同体91/441/EEC指令才能运营，所要满足的排放标准见表格12.1。这些限制在新的标准替代它之前是强制实行的，更加严厉的标准在1996年实施。通过对比，想象一个常见的7.5吨重的厢式货车在发动机功率50kw情况下以70km/h