初中英语：冠词讲解 初中英语

冠 词

一、 冠词的分类：

不定冠词： a 和 an

定冠词： the

二、 冠词的用法：

冠词的泛指和特指用法：

泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。

特指是指在上文提到的人或事物，或是指被限定性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物；也可以是指说话者和听话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指的用法可归纳如下：

泛指单一，每一，任一事物 指类别 上文提到过的事物 被限定性修饰语所限定的事物 the 说话双方所默认的事物 世上独一无二的事物

上文提到的事物

the 特指 被限定性修饰语所限定的事物

说话双方所默认的事物 泛指的一些事物 指类别

三、 不定冠词的用法：

（1） 不定冠词a 和an 的用法区别：a 用在单词发辅音开首的单词前，an 用在单词发元音开首的单词前。如：

a book, a desk, a pen, a doctor, a house

an enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg

但注意：an hour, a useful tool

（2） 不定冠词的用法：

1．表示人、事和物中的某一类或某类中任何一个。

特指 a(an) 单数

可数名

词一定

要用冠词

零冠词 复数可数名词、不可数名词

A horse is a useful tool.

A dog runs faster than a goat.

2．泛指某人或某事物

An old man is sitting on the chair.

3．表示one 或every，但概念上没有它们那样强烈。当表示one的意思时，一般不用two, three等相对比。如：

Every elephant has a long nose.

Take this medicine three times a day.

4．用于某些固定词组中。

a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, all of a sudden, many a, a little, a couple of, as a matter of fact, in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, in a way, have a word with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal of, catch a cold, 5．用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一种，一类，一场，一阵”等

She was caught in a heavy rain.

It was a wonderful tea.

That is a great disappointment.

（3）不定冠词的特殊用法：

1．与有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前，表示具体一个“人或物”。

He received a good education.

Thank you, Jim. You have done a kindness.

Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international

trade today.

The meeting held yesterday was a success.

To advise him is a waste of time.

2．偶尔与专有名词连用，表示某种特定意思。表示类似的一个或某一个（a certain）

a Mr Black a living Lei Feng

A Mr. Smith wants to see you.

3．与形容词最高级连用，表示强调，不表最高级。

The Huanghe River is a longest river in China.

The story is a most interesting one.

4．用在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节和日期前。

Before I go to work every morning, I’ve a light breakfast.

The traffic accident happened on a Sunday to the end of the July.

5．用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”而不表顺序。

How important it is to learn a second language.

The fisherman cast a third net.

6．表示类别，有any, per之意，a(n)不必译成汉语，此时a(n)可改为the或不用冠词（但必须用名词复数形式）。

His income is one thousand yuan a month.

A camel is a useful animal. = Camels are useful animals.

7．不定冠词用于一些原来是动词的名词前。

Let’s have a look around the playground after supper.

have a rest / walk / swim / talk … (have = take)

give a shout / whistle / loud laugh …

make a drive / move …

8．用在同源宾语中。

Now we are living a happy life.

Last night I dream a terrible dream.

四、冠词the的用法：

1.用于特指（基本用法）。表示某一或某些特定的人或事物。

She stayed at home and cleaned the house.

He saw a book on the table in his room.

The boys in this school wear blue shirts.

2.用于双方都知道的名词前。

What do you think of the film?

Close the door, please.

Let’s go and give it to the policeman.

3.用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。

Which is farther from the earth, the sun or the moon?

4.用于第二次提到的事物前。

Mr Wang has a son and the son is a driver.

There is a book on the desk. The book is John’s.

5.与单数名词连用，表示一类（同a或an）

The panda is very lovely. = A panda is very lovely. = Pandas are very

lovely.

6.用于最高级前（与不定冠词不同= very），以及对两人或事物进行比较

时起特定作用的比较级前。

the first / second, the tallest, the most important,

the taller of the two boys, the more interesting of the two books