初中英语词语辨析精讲及练习(强烈推荐)

初中英语词语辨析精讲及练习(强烈推荐)
初中英语词语辨析精讲及练习(强烈推荐)

初中中考英语常见词语辨析

1.a few/ few

(1)a few, few 用来修饰可数名词。

(2)a few “有一些”,表示肯定概念,few 几乎没有,表示否定意义。

[例] The man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends.

这个人在这里住了很多年了,他有一些朋友。

I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here.

我刚来到这里,所以我在这里没有几个朋友。..........................................................................

2.a little/ little

(1) a little, little 用于修饰不可数名词。(2) a little “有一些”,表示肯定概念。

little “几乎没有”,表示否定概念。[例] There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。There is little water in the gla ss, so you can’t drink any.

杯子里几乎没有水了,你不可能喝到水了。..........................................................................

3.ago/ before

ago 只用于一般过去时,表示从现在算起的一段时间以前。

[例]He died two years ago.他是两年前去世的。

before 后接“时间点”,可用于任何时态;它也可放在“时间段”后,

用于完成时或一般过去时。

[例]I got there before 5 o’clock.我五点钟前到达那里。

I never saw him before.我以前没见过他。

He had done it two days before.他两天前就做过此事。..........................................................................

4. already/ yet/still

1) already 意为“已经”,常用于肯定句,与完成时和进行时连用为多。

用于疑问句时表示问话人持怀疑、惊异的态度。如:

Is it Sunday already?已经到星期天啦?

I have already finished it.我已经做完了。

(2)yet 通常用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中作“已经”解,

在否定句中作“还”、“尚未”解。如:

I haven’t learned it yet.我还不知此事。

Has he come yet?他还没有来?(表疑问)..........................................................................

5.arrive / reach/ get

(1) arrive vi.

arrive + in + 大地方(国家、城市等)arrive + at + 小地方(村庄、车站、码头等)

He arrived in Nanning last week. 他上星期来到南宁。

(2) get vi.\get to + 名词

When did you get to the station yesterday?你昨天什么时候到达火车站?

reach vt.\reach + 名词

Please write to me when you reach Beijing.你到北京后请给我写信。

当reach、arrive、get后接地点副词here、there、home时,不能后接任何介词。如:

I got/ arrive/ reached home late yesterday.我昨天很晚才到家。..........................................................................

6. agree with/ agree on/ agree to

(1)agree with(sb.)表示“与……意见一致”。

I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你的意见。

(2)agree to(sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、plan等,“同意计划、安排”。

We all agreed to your plan. 我们同意你的计划。

(3)agree on 表示“双方就...达成一致协议”。

China and the U.S.A. agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.

中美双方就下次会议的时间、地点问题达成了协议。..........................................................................

7. a bit/ a little

二者都有“一点儿”的意思,用法上既有相同点,也有不同点。

(1)相同点:都用来修饰形容词、副词及其比较级,也可修饰动词。

Get up a bit/ a little earlier, and you will see the star. 起早一点你就会看到星星了。(2)不同点:①a little+不可数名词,a bit of+不可数名词

He ate a little food/ a bit of food this morning.他今天早上吃了一点食物。

②a little 与a bit 和否定词连用,意义大不相同。

not a little 很,非常;\ not a bit 一点也不......................................................................

8.by the way/ on the way/ in the way

(1)by the way 常用作状语,意为“顺便问一下”,“顺便说一下”。

(2)on the way “在……的路上”,后接名词时需加介词to,

后接副词home、here、there时不加to。

(3)in the way “挡路、妨碍”。

例]Your car is in the way.你的小汽车挡路了。

He bought a pen on his/ the way to school.他在上学的路上买了一枝钢笔。

By the way, how old are you?顺便问一下,你多大了?..........................................................................

9. be afraid/ be afraid of/ be afraid for

(1)be afraid意为“害怕”,如果后接宾语从句,意为“恐怕……”,

用来表示常有歉意的回话或引出令人不满意的消息。

I am afraid I can’t help you.我恐怕帮不了你的忙。

(2)be afraid of+名词/代词/动名词,意为“害怕某人/做某事”,

往往指长期具有的心理状态。I am afraid of going out at night.我害怕晚上出去。

be afraid for后习惯接表示人的代词,表示“替某人担心”。如:

I am afraid for you.我替你担心。..........................................................................

10. between/ among

这两个词都有“在……之间(中)”的意思,但用法不同:

(1)between用于表示双方之间的关系,不论双方的数目是多少。

The train runs between Beijing and Nanning.火车在北京和南宁两地间运行。

There is a tree between the two houses.这两座房子之间有一棵树。

(2)among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上,在一群、一组或一个整体中间。如:

I saw him among the crowd.我看见他在人群中。

London is among the greatest cities of the world.伦敦是世界上最大的城市之一。..........................................................................

11. borrow/ lend

(1)二者都有“借”的意思,使用时应注意以谁为中心的问题,borrow是

以“我”为中心,“借进”的意思,常与from连用。如:

I’ve borrowed two books from the library.我从图书馆借了2本书。

(2)lend是以“你”为中心,意为“借出”,常跟介词to搭配。如:

Can you lend your dictionary to me?能借你的字典给我吗?

(3)这二者都可有这样的结构:borrow sb. sth; lend sb. sth. ..........................................................................

12. bring/ take/ fetch/ carry

(1)bring意为“带来”,指把某物从别的地方带到说话时的这个地方来。如:

Remember to bring your book tomorrow.记住明天把你的书带来。

(2)take意为“带走”,即把某物带到别的地方去。

It’s going to rain. You’d better take an umbrella with you.

要下雨了。你最好带上一把雨伞。

(3)fetch意为“去取来某物”,它包括一个往返的过程。

如:Will you go and fetch some water?你去取一点水来,好吗?

(4)carry一般指“随身携带的细小物品”,此外还多用于汽车、火车等交通工具

意为“运载”的意思。如:

He always carries a pocket dictionary with him.他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典。

The bus carried me to the park yesterday.昨天公共汽车把我拉到了公园。..........................................................................

13. beat / win

(1)beat vt. 后接的宾语一般为人或相当于人的名词,“打败……”,

“赢了……”;也经常用于被动语态。如:

We beat Class Four in the football match yesterday.昨天足球赛我们打败了四班队。Class Four was beaten in the football match yesterday.四班足球队昨天被打败了。

(2) win vt. 一般后接物或比赛作宾语,少用被动语态。如:

We won the football game.我们赢得了足球赛的胜利。

3)win 短语:

win a game 赢得比赛(游戏)win a gold medal 赢得金牌win a prize 获奖

win the war 赢得了战争的胜利win sb. over 把某人争取过来,说服某人..........................................................................

14. by/ with/ in

by、with、in都可以表示使用“工具”、“手段”。它们的区别是:

by表示“以……方式(方法、手段)”和“乘坐某种交通工具”;

with指“借助于具体的手段和工具”;

in表示“以……方式”,“用某种语言”。

[例]He goes to school by bike.他骑自行车上学。

Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder.吉姆用梯子爬树。

Can you say it in English?你能用英语说它吗?..........................................................................

15. be used for/ be used as/ be used by

(1)be used for 在这个短语中,介词for表用途,即“用来作……”。

A pen is used for writing.笔是用来书写的。

(2)be used as 在这个短语中,介词as表身份或工具,即“……被用作……”。English is used as a useful tool in our country.

在我国英语被作为一个有用的工具来使用。

(3)be used by 短语中,介词by后接使用的执行者,“为……所使用”之意。English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.

英语被世界上旅游者和商人所使用。..........................................................................

16. besides/ except

(1)besides与except用于肯定句时,except意为“除……之外(不再有)”;besides意为“除……之外(还有)”。试比较:

I have another blue pen besides this one.

除了这枝外,我还有另一枝蓝色钢笔。(1+1,共2枝)

We all passed the exam except Tom.

我们都通过了考试,汤姆除外。(整体中……汤姆一人不及格)

(2)except前几乎总有all、any、every、no及其复合词等词。

He answered all the questions except the last one.

除了最后一个问题没答外,其余问题他都答了。

(3)except后接名词、代词、动名词和原形动词,这时except=but;

但except后跟副词、介词短语时,不能用but代替。如:

The window is never open except in summer.这扇窗户从来不开,除夏季外。

He did nothing except/ but clean the house.他只是打扫了房子。..........................................................................

17. both/ all

这是一组代词,也可以作形容词,但要正确使用它们,必须区别他们所指的范围。

(1)both指“两者都”(=2),其否定应为neither。

His two brothers are both workers.他的两个兄弟都是工人。

They both work in our school.他们俩都在我们学校上班。

both的位置:系动词be后,实义动词前。

(2)all指“三个或三个以上都……”,否定应为none。

The students all work hard.学生们都很用功。

They are all here today.他们今天都在这里。

They are all strangers. I know none of them.

他们全是陌生人,他们当中我一个都不认识。..........................................................................

18.be anger with/ be angry about/ be angry at

(1)be angry with 后只能跟表“人”的名词或代词,意思是“生某人的气”,

其后常跟一个表原因的介词for。

The teacher was angry with me for my coming late.老师因为我来晚生气了。

(2)be angry at = be angry about意思是“因某事而愤怒”。

at或about后只能接表“事物”的名词。如:

He is angry with/ about small things.他常为一些小事生气。

He was angry about/ at missing the film.他为错过那场电影而生气。......................................................................

19. can/ be able to

(1)can表示“本能”或能够,有一般时和过去时,后接动词原形一起构成谓语。

I can sing the English song.我会唱这首英语歌。

A baby can cry when it is hungry.婴儿饿的时候会哭闹。

(2)be able to 后接动词原形,表示“能够”,多指一个人经过后天的努力

从而获取的一种“能力”,有各种时态。

If you work hard, you will be able to master English.

只要你努力,你一定能掌握好英语的。..........................................................................

20. catch a cold/ have a cold

一般情况下,这两个短语都表示“得了感冒,患了感冒”但有所侧重:

(1)catch a cold 强调动作。如:

It’s cold outside. Go into the house or you’ll catch a cold.

外面冷。到房间里去吧,不然你会感冒的。

(2)have a cold 强调状态。

I have had a cold for several days and I can’t get rid of it.

我感冒已经好几天了,可还是好不了。......................................................................

21. die / dead/ dying/ death

(1)die 是终止性动词,不用于被动语态。

He has died.他死了。He died five weeks ago.他五周前死的。

(2)dead是形容词,表状态,可以跟表示延续的时间状语连用。

His grandfather has been dead for five years.他的祖父去世已经有五年了。

(3)death是名词。

He was sentenced to death.他被判处死刑。

(4)dying意为“要死了”,是现在分词。试比较:

a dead dog 一条死(了的)狗 a dying dog 一条“濒临死亡”的狗

初中常见的die短语:die from/ of ……因……而死......................................................................

22. else / other

(1)else可作形容词或副词,作形容词时,常放在疑问代词、不定代词之后

作后置定语;作副词时也要后置。如:

What else did you do?你还做了些什么?

She has nothing else to say.她没有别的什么可说了。

(2)other作形容词时,用于修饰名词或某些代词,但必须前置。如:

Where are the other comrades?其他的同志在哪里?

I want some other books.我还要另外一些书。

(3)else后可带-‘s, other不能。

Who else’s bike can this be?这还可能是其他什么人的自行车呢?..........................................................................

23. ever/ once

这两个词都可解作“曾经”,但它们各自表示的时间含义不同。

(1)ever表示“到现在为止以前的任何时候”,用于现在完成时的句子,

主要用于疑问句。如:

Have you ever been to Beijing?你去过北京吗?

(2)once表示“过去某一时候”或“过去某段时间”,

多用于一般过去时态的陈述句中。如:

I once went to London with my father.我曾经和我父亲去过伦敦。

注意:once作为“一次”解时,表频率,可用于完成时。

I have been there once.我去过那里一次。.....................................................................

24. far/ away

far和away都有“远”的意思,两者的区别在于:

(1)far指抽象距离的远,away指具体距离的远。如:

The farm is very far from here.农场离这很远。

The station is five kilometres away from here.火车站离这里5千米远。

(2)far可用于疑问句,否定句中表距离,而away不可。如:

-How far is your school? 你的学校有多远?

-Not far. Only 100 metres away.不远,只有100米。..........................................................................

25. fast / quick/ quickly

(1) fast adj./ adv. 有“快”的意思,通常指“行走、跑、唱、跳”等动作的快慢。

He runs faster than I.他比我跑得快。

(2) quick adj. 有“迅速”之意,指对某一问题反映的速度。

He gave me a quick answer.他迅速地回答我的问题。

(3)quickly指接到某种口令时,做动作的速度。

Go downstairs quickly.迅速下楼。..........................................................................

26. for short/ short for

(1)for short 意为“缩写、简称、简言之”,多作状语。

The teacher told us to write the text for short.老师让我们缩写课文。

(2)short for “是……的缩写”,一般作表语。如:

“You’d” is short for “You would” or “You had”.

“You’d”是“You would”或“You had”的缩写形式。.....................................................................

27. get/ turn/ grow/ become/ be

这五个词作连系动词,都有“变化”的意思。

(1)get较口语化,表示进入或变成某种状态,通常与形容词或形容词比较级连用,表状态。The days get shorter and shorter.日子变短了。

(2)turn 有“成为和以前完全不同的东西”的含义,后接形容词或过去分词。

The trees turn green in spring.在春天,树变绿了。

(3)grow表示逐渐变为新的状态的含义、着重变化过程。

My little brother is growing tall.我的小弟弟长高了。

(4)become用法较为正式,强调由一种状态向另一种状态的变化。后接形容词或名词。

He has become a doctor.他成为一个医生了。

(5)be表示“成为”的意思,多用于将来时,祈使语气或不定式。如:

I want to be a teacher when I grow up.长大后我想成为一名教师。..........................................................................

28. go to bed/ go to sleep/ fall asleep/ be asleep

(1)go to bed 表动作,指“去睡觉”。

(2)go to sleep也表动作,指进入“睡着”状态。

(3)fall asleep表动作,意为“刚刚入睡”,指“刚睡着”这动作。

(4)be asleep表状态,意为“睡着的”。例如:

He fell asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.

他刚睡着,这时有人大声敲门。

The baby has been asleep for an hour.这孩子睡着一个小时了。

He found it difficult to go to sleep.他发现很难入睡。..........................................................................

29. how often/how soon/how long/how far

这几组词都是用来提问时间或长度的但用法不同。

①how long意为“多长/久时间”,是对句子“for…”,“since…”,

“from…to…”等表示一段时间的状语的提问,可用于过去时,将来时或完成时。如:---How long will he be away?他要离开多长时间?

---He will be away for two days.两天时间。

---How long have you been a teacher?你当老师多久了?

---For about ten years.大约10年了。

注意:how long引导的句子动词一般为延续性动词。

②how soon意为"某事多快能发生或完成",常对句子中的in…时间状语进行提问。如:---How soon will the building be finished?大楼过多久才能完工?

---In a month.一个月吧。

③how often意为"多长时间一次,每隔多久",是对句中的often, usually,

every day, sometimes, never, once a week等表示频率的副词提问,

多用于一般现在时。如:

---How often do you go to see a film?

---Once a week.---你多长时间看1次电影?---1周1次。

④how far 是对距离的提问,意为“长达……千米/米”等。如:

-How far is it from here to the park?

It is two kilometers.--从这里到公园有多远?两千米远。..........................................................................

30. hard/ hardly

(1)hard adj.& adv. 作形容词时,有“难的”,“硬的”意思,作副词时,

有“努力地”、“猛烈地”等意思。

We must work hard for our country.我们必须为祖国努力学习。

It rained hard yesterday.昨天雨下得很大。

(2) hardly adv. “简直不”、“几乎不”,在句中起否定作用。

I could hardly write at that time.那时我几乎不会写字。..........................................................................

31. hear/ hear of/ hear from

(1)hear 为及物动词,“听到”,表结果。

I can hear you clearly.我能清楚听到你说的话。

(2)hear of = hear about 为不及物动词,指某人间接地“听别人说起……”,如:

I have heard of the writer but I have never seen him.

我听人们说起这位作家,但没见过他。

(3)hear from 一般后接sb. 指“收到……来信”。如:

Have you heard from Jim?你收到吉姆的来信了吗?..........................................................................

32. hear sb. doing sth./ hear sb. do sth.

(1)hear sb. doing sth. 结构中为-ing作宾语补足语,指动作在进行当中。如:

I hear him talking next door.我听到他正在隔壁房间讲话。

(2) hear sb. do sth.这里do sth.为宾语补足语,指动作已发生,完成了,

意思是“听到某人做了某事”,动作不再呈现,只能靠想象或回忆来叙述发

生的事情。如:

I heard her sing the song yesterday.昨天我听见她唱这首歌。

(3)大多数的感官动作(如see、watch、notice等)都可以用于这两种结构,

但意义是不相同的。要注意加以区别。..........................................................................

B. 在过去时,完成时或进行时中,不用have got, 而用have。如:

Li Hong had a problem.李红有一个问题。

I have had the bike for three years.我买这辆自行车已经3年了。

C. 固定短语中不用have got。

have a rest/ a swim/ a wash/ a drink

have lunch, have a meeting, have a party, etc. ..........................................................................

33. hope/ wish

这两个词都有“希望”的含义,hope一般指“希望”,wish指的是“愿望”。

二者在使用上有如下区别:

(1)相同点:wish和hope都可接宾语从句。如:

I hope that he can help me.我希望他能帮助我。

I wish that I knew the answer.我希望我知道这个答案。

但hope所表示的希望一般是能够实现的,而wish所表达的愿望一般是难以实现的或根本不可能的,所以其所接宾语从句中的动词用虚拟语气。

(2)不同点:

A. hope to do sth. (√)

hope sb. to do sth. (×)

wish sb. to do sth. (√)

B. hope sb. sth. (×)

wish sb. sth. (√)

I wish you to have a good time at the party.我希望你在晚会上玩得愉快!

I wish you a Happy New Year!祝你新年快乐!......................................................................

34. interesting/ interested

这是两个由动词interest转化而来的分词形容词,现在分词表示进行,

表示主动意义,过去分词表示完成,表示被动意义,因此:

(1)物作主语时,表语要用-ing形容词。如:

The news is interesting.这消息是有趣的。

(2)人作主语时,表语要用-ed形容词。如:

I am interested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。..........................................................................

35.in all/ at all/ of all/ after all

这些含有all 的短语的意义与all 的本意无关,极易混淆。

(1)in all“总计、总共”,在句中作状语

There are 60 students in our class in all.我们班共有60个学生。

(2)at all“全然,根本不”,一般用于否定句中加强语气。

She doesn’t like football at all.她一点也不喜欢足球。

(3)after all “毕竟、终究、到底”,一般置于句首或句尾作状语。

After all, he is a child.毕竟,他还是个孩子。

They finished the work after all.他们最终完成了工作。..........................................................................

36.in time/ on time/ at times

(1)in time 指“及时”,表示动作“在规定时间内”或提前发生。

We have just in time for the bus.我们正好赶上那班车。

(2)on time强调“准时,正点”。

The train came into the station on time.火车准点进站。

(3)at times = sometimes ..........................................................................

35.in front of 相对某物体的外部而言,说明某人或某物体在某个地方的

外部的前边。反义是:behind。如:

There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室的外面有一棵树。

(2)in the front of 想对于空间而言,说明人或某物在某空间的最前面,

意为“在……前部”,方位较具体。如:

The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.

老师的讲台是在教室里的前方。

(3)before 意味“在……的前面”,可用作介词、连词、副词,

反义是after。before多用于指时间,但也可表位置。如:

Tuesday comes before Wednesday.星期三之前是星期二。

She sits before me.她坐在我前面。......................................................................

36.join/ join in/ take part in

这三个词组在汉语中都表示“参加”,但在英语使用中是有区别的:

(1)join通常指参加某种固定的组织、团队、军队等,强调成为其中一员。

He joined the party in 1927.他1927年入党。

(2)join sb. (in) doing sth.“和某人一起干某事”。

Why not join us in buying Susan gift?为什么不和我们一起去给苏珊买礼物呢?

(3)join表示“参加某项活动”时,和take part in 可换用,但前者侧重娱乐、欣赏,而后者更侧重身体力行,参加在其中。例:

She has never joined/ taken part in such an interesting game.

她从未参加过这么有趣的游戏。

(4)take part in 指参加各种活动,包括文娱、体育、比赛、斗争、罢工等。如:

Are you going to take part in/ join in the discussion?你要参加讨论吗?

(5)这几组词都是终止星动词,用于完成时的句子时不能跟延续的时间状语连用。如:He has joined the league for five years. (×)

He has been a league member for five years. (√)他入团已经有5年了。.......................................................................

37.keep doing sth./ keep sb. doing sth.

在这两个结构中,keep后有无sb. 意义是不相同的。

(1) keep doing sth. 意为“不断/反复/坚持做某事”,动作是主语本身发出来的。如:He kept asking us to remember teamwork.他不断地叫我们记住合作。

Keep doing sth. = keep on doing sth.

(2) keep sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,keep在这里有

"使...处于某状态”之意,doing的动作不是主语来完成,而是由宾语sb.来完成的.例如:I keep them waiting at the gate.我让他们在大门口等候。.....................................................................

38. loud/ loudly

这两个词都可作adv. ,意为“响亮地,大声地”但loudly多含有“吵闹”之意。

另外,loud有比较级。如:

Please speak louder.请大声点说。

Who is knocking at the door so loudly?谁在那么使劲地敲门?..........................................................................

39. lift/ rise

这两个动词均可表示“升高”的意思,但用法有差异。

(1) lift vt. 是指用人力或机械力量“举起、升起”某具体物件。

Please lift your hands if you know the answer.如果你们知道答案,请举手。

(2)rise vi. 常用于表示某物本身“由低处升到高处”,

其主语常是日、月、水、云、雾、物价、温度等。

The waters of the river has risen a lot after the heavy rain.

大雨之后,喝水上涨了许多。..........................................................................

40.lose/ miss

这两个词都有“丢失、失去”的意思,但程度上强弱不同。

(1)lose语气较强,一般指失去不易找回。

He lost his parents when he was young.他小时候失去了父母。

(2)miss有“发现失去”的意思,指东西找不到,但有找到的希望。

I am afraid that Jim will miss a lot of lessons.我担心吉姆将会缺很多课。

(3)作定语、表语时,用lost或missing表示“丢失了的,不见了……”

Who has found my lost/missing pen?谁发现我丢失了的钢笔?

My money is lost/missing.我的钱丢了.

..........................................................................

41.look/ look like/ seem

(1)look与seem均可作连系动词,意为“看起来”,但look着重于由视觉得出的印象;seem暗示有一定的根据,这种判断往往接近事实。这时结构是look/ seem+形容词。

Mr. Smith looks/ seems young very much.史密斯先生看上去很年轻。

(2)look可与介词like连用构成习语,表示“看上去像……”,如:

The girl looks like her sister.这女孩和她姐姐长得相像。

(3)seem后接to do 或用于句型It seems that…或There seems to be句型中。如:

John seems to know much about China.约翰好象很了解中国。

It seems that they know each other.好象他们彼此很熟悉。

There seems to be something wrong with my watch.我的手表好象有些毛病。..........................................................................

42.look for/ find/ find out

(1)look for “寻找”,强调动作。

I am looking for my pen.我在找钢笔。

(2)find “找到”,强调结果。

I looked for it everywhere but I couldn’t find it.我到处找了可就是找不到它。

(3)find out “查明真相,弄清缘由”,强调经过费时、周折、

调查到最后得到认证的一种结果。如:

At last the police found out who murdered the old woman.

最后警方查明了是谁谋杀了老太太。..........................................................................

43.look/ see/ watch/ notice/read

这五个词都有“看”的意思,但用法不同:

(1)look为不及物动词,一般后接介词at使用,表动作。如:

Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。

(2)see 指人肉眼所能涉及的范围,表示结果“看见”。

Can you see the word clearly?你能清楚看到这个字了吗?

固定短语:see a film; see sb. off (给某人送行);let me see.

(3)watch= look at sb./ sth. carefully“仔细观看,注视”。

May I watch TV now?我现在可以看电视吗?

固定短语:watch TV; on watch(值班、守望);watch a football match

(4)notice“注意到,提醒别人注意”等意思,汉语中常有“通知、启示、告示”之意。例如:The thief looked around the house.

When he made sure that no one was noticing him,

he jumped into the room through the open window.

小偷向房子四周张望,当他确信没人注意他的时候,迅速从开着的窗户跳进房间。

(5)read 只用于指看书或看其他杂志......................................................................

44.may be/ maybe

(1)maybe 是副词,“也许”,相当于perhaps。maybe只能放于句首,不能放于句中,如:Maybe he won’t come. 也许他不会来。

(2)may be 是谓语形式,其中may是情态动词,be是连系动词,表示“也许是”、

“可能会有”等。如:

He may be a middle school student.他可能是个中学生。

She may be watching TV now.现在她也许在看电视。.....................................................................

45.near/ nearly

near用作形容词或副词,表示“近”、“接近”,也可作介词,表示“在……附近”。

Come near, please.请走近些。

He lives near the school.他住在学校附近。

nearly是副词,意为“几乎”、“将近”,相当于almost.

The seasons of the year in England and the U.S.A. are nearly the same.

美国和英国的四季几乎是一样。..........................................................................

46.no/ not

(1)no 作副词时,对一般疑问句作否定回答,与yes相对;no作形容词时,

可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,等于not a 或not any。如:

We have no classes on Sunday.=We don’t have any classes on Sunday.

我们星期天没有课。

(2)not只作副词用,用在be动词,助动词,情态动词后,与谓语动词使用,构成否定意义。例如:

I don’t think chickens can swim.我想鸡是不会游泳的。

I don’t know your names.我不知道你们的名字。..........................................................................

47.neither/ none

(1)neither指“(两者)都不……”,用于人或事物,表示全否定。

I know neither of them.他们俩我都不认识。

(2)“neither of + 代词”构成主语,谓语动词用单数。

Neither of them is here.他们俩没有一个人在这里。

(3)none指“(三着或三者以上)都不……”,表示全否定,用于代三者或三者

以上的人或事物。例如:

None of us three knows where he lives.我们三个人谁也不知道他

住在哪里。......................................................................

48.on/ about

这两个介词引导的介词短语一般作后置定语,表示“关于”的意思,但各有侧重。

(1)on 侧重论述,多用与论述涉及比较深广的重大国际、政治、学术、专著等问题。如:This is a book on the radio.这是一本关于无线电方面的专著。

(2)about侧重叙事,多用与个人事迹,故事内容一般的文章等较肤浅的问题。如:

This is a book about the radio.这是一本关于无线电的书。

This is a film about the woman star.这是一部关于那个女影星的电影。.....................................................................

49.put on/ wear/ be dressed in/ dress up

(1)put on 表动作,“穿上、戴上”,宾语为衣物;

(2)wear 表状态,“穿戴着”;

(3)be dressed in 也表状态,强调一种呈现的结果;

(4)dress up 有“盛装、乔装、打扮”之意,表动作。dress常与介词搭配。如:

The boy wears a new coat today.这男孩今天穿着一件新大衣。

It’s cold outside. Put on more clothes.外面冷,穿多一点衣服。

The girl is dressed in a red coat today.小女孩今天穿着一件红外衣。

She has dressed up in a red skirt for the party.

为了参加这舞会,她穿了一条红裙子。..........................................................................

50.play/ play with

play 作为及物动词和不及物动词意义是不相同的。

(1)play vt. 后接人作宾语,意为“和……比赛”;后接球类名词作宾语(无冠词),意为“打……球”;跟乐器名词(有定冠词the)意为“弹(拉、奏)”。如:

Who are you going to play?你将和谁比赛?

I like playing tennis.我喜欢打网球。

Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?

(2)play with 短语中play为不及物动词,后接介词with + sb./ sth.

意为“玩弄、玩(玩具)、玩耍”,多指不自觉、不严肃的行为。如:

It’s dangerous to play with fire.玩火是危险的。

The boy is playing with his toy train.小男孩在玩他的玩具火车。..........................................................................

51. point at/ point to

二者都含有“指向”的意思,但有一定的区别:

(1)point at含有“指准某个方向”的意思,目标性很强。如:

She pointed at one of the things.她指着其中一件东西。

(2)point to只表示“指向某一个方向”,不一定很准确。如:

He pointed to the mountains far away.他指了指远处的高山。

(3)联想:shout at sb. 冲着某人喊;throw…at…把……砸向……..........................................................................

52. plant/ grow

二者用作及物动词,都有“种”的意思,但侧重点不同。

(1)plant指“栽入土中”,是一种涉及时间较段的动作。

(2)grow不仅指“种下”,还包括其后培育的过程,涉及的时间较长,

即“种植”,可看做是一种过程或状态。

-What does your father do? 你父亲是干什么的?

-He grows flowers. 他是个种花的。

Don’t plant the flowers before mid-April.不要在四月中旬种花。..........................................................................

53.problem/ question/ matter

(1)problem多指“习题,问题”,通常也指要解决或决定的问题,

尤其指比较困难的问题、社会问题。

He is thinking about a maths problem.他正在想一道数学难题。

You are getting fatter. It’s a problem.你长胖了,这可是个问题。

(2)question 常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的问题,

常与ask和answer连用。

May I ask a question?我可以问个问题吗?

(3)matter意为“事情”、“问题”,常指遇到意外的麻烦或令人烦恼的“问题”如:What’s the matter with you?你怎么啦?......................................................................

54.receive/ accept

这两个词都是及物动词,表示“接到、收到”的意思,但有区别:

(1)receive强调“收到、接到”这一动作。

I received a letter yesterday.昨天我收到了一封信。

They received a warm welcome.他们受到了热情的欢迎。

(2)accept强调立场上的结果,表“领受、接受”意义。如:

I received his gift but I didn’t accept it.我收到了他的礼物,但我没有接受它。..........................................................................

55. raise/rise

(1)raise vt. “举起,升高”。指把东西升高些或促使某物上升。

Please raise your hand when you know the answer.你知道问题答案就请举手。

(2)rise vi.“上升”,指向上走动或移动,如河水上涨等。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,西方落下。

rise还可作“起床,起身”解。He rise early.他起得早。..........................................................................

56.right away/ right now/ at once/just now

(1)right away, at once侧重动作,有多种时态,谓语动词随时态变化而变化。

I’ll return the book right away.我马上还书。

(2)right now 侧重时间,时态只限与一般现在时和一般将来时。

The doctor is busy right now.医生此刻正忙着。

I’ll give you one or two instances just now.我正要给你举一两个例子。

但当just now 用于过去时的句子里时,表示“刚才”。如:

He came back just now.他刚才回来了。......................................................................

57.send/ send for

(1)send 含有“派遣、寄送”的意思,是及物动词,其后接宾语或双宾语。如:I’ve thought about it. I’ll send you there.我考虑过了,我将派你去那里。

Tom sends his mother some money every month.汤姆每个月给他母亲寄点钱。(2)send for 意为“派人去请,派人去拿”,不是本人去请去拿。其宾语可以是人,也可以是物。如:

Please keep it until I send for it.请把它保存好一直到我派人去拿。

One day his mother was ill; she sent for a doctor.

一天他母亲病了,她派人去请来了一位医生。..........................................................................

58.spend/ take/ cost/pay

这三个动词都可用来表示“花费”时间,使用时应注意:

(1)take常用it作主语。

句型:It takes sb. time to do sth. 如:

It took me three hours to finish my work.完成这项工作用了我3个小时。

(2)spend则用人作主语,常用的句型是“sb. spends time (in) doing sth.”。

He spent 30 minutes (in) writing the letter.他用了30分钟写那封信。

(3)cost 表示花时间时不能用于表示花具体时间(如几个小时、几天等),

其宾语多是表示含糊的时间(如a long time, much time等),再就是它不能用

表示人的词语作主语,如:

Doing the work cost the workers a long time.做这项工作花了工人们很长的时间。cost 后面更多地用于句型“It /sth. cost sb. + 金钱”,

表示“某人花……钱做某事”。

The TV set cost him 5000 yuan.这台电视机花了他5000元。

注意:cost—cost---cost 过去式、过去分词和原形一样。

Pay 多用于句型pay sth for sth ..........................................................................

59.so that/so…that

(1)so that“以便”、“为了”,常引导目的状语从句。如:

He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他起得早为了赶第一班车。

so that所引导的状语从句中谓语动词前一般有情态助动词can/may等。

(2) so…that“如此……以至……”,that 后常跟结果状语从句。例如:

He is so tired that he can’t walk any further.他非常疲劳,走不动了。

The film is so interesting that he wants to see it again.

电影太有趣了,他想再看一遍。..........................................................................

60. sound/voice/noise

这三个词都表示“声音”,但使用起来有区别:

(1) sound一般指“声音”,指物体间互相碰撞发出的声音。

(2) voice一般指人或鸟儿发出的声音。

(3) noise指的是“嘈杂的声音”,即引起人们不愉快的喧闹、嘈杂音。

Can you hear the terrible sound just now?刚才你听到那个可怕的声音了吗?

The famous singer has a beautiful voice.这位有名的歌唱家有一副好嗓子。

Please stop making noises, boys.孩子们,请停止吵闹了。..........................................................................

61.say/ speak/ tell/ talk

这几个词都有“说”的意思。

(1)say为及物动词,表示“说的内容”,有引用别人原话之意。

Wang Fang says, ”I am a student.”王芳说:“我是一个学生。”

(2)speak为不及物动词,speak at the meeting,在会上发言,speak后接语言时

才作及物动词,speak English说英语。

(3)tell vt. 有“告诫、吩咐、讲述”的意思,tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事,

tell a story 讲故事,tell a lie 说谎。

(4)talk vi. 主要侧重双方“交谈”,指双方活动;talk with/ to sb. 和某人交谈;

talk about sth.谈论某事。..........................................................................

62.some/ any

(1)一般情况下,some用于肯定句,后接可数或不可数名词;any用于否定句和疑问句,也后接复数或不可数名词;如:

There are some books on the desk.书桌上有一些书。

Is there any water in the bottle?瓶子里有水吗?

(2)表示征求对方意见,并希望对方给予肯定答复时,即使是一般疑问句,

也通常用some,

不用any。如:

Would you like some tea?喝点茶,怎么样?

May I have some more bread. I am still hungry.我能再吃点面包吗?我还饿。

......................................................................

63.try to do/ try doing

try to do 和try doing 两者意义不同,区别在于:

(1)try to do sth.“努力去做,尽力做”=try one’s best to do…

He tried to climb the tree.他试着努力爬那棵树。

(2)try doing sth. 指“尝试做……看看,有何结果”,暗示在这之前已试过

某种方法但不奏效,另试其他方法。

If no one answers the door, why not try knocking the back door?

如果没有人开门,为什么不敲后门看看呢?..........................................................................

64.till/ until

这是一组困绕初中生的连词,它们既可作连词又可作介词,其用法归纳于下:

(1)用于肯定句中,意为“到……(的时候)为止”,谓语动词一般是延续性的,

表示动作一直延续到till(until)所表示的时间为止。如:

You’d better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好卧床到明天。

We worked till/ until lunch time.我们一直工作到吃午饭的时间。

(2)用在否定句中,意为“直到……才……”,表示谓语动词的动作直到till/ until

所表示的时间才发生。如:

I didn’t know the fact until I read your letter.我读了你的信后才知道真相。

She didn’t go to bed till/ until she finished her homew ork.

昨天晚上她做完家庭作业才睡觉。

(3)用于句首时,只能用until,不能用till。如:

Until he was 16, he had never been away from his village.

十六岁以后他才离开家乡。

(4)在下列句型中只能用until, 而不能用till。

A. 在倒装句中

Not until 9 o’clock did the meeting begin.直到九点钟会议才开始。

B.在It is not until…that强调句型中。如:

It was not until the bell rang that the students stopped talking.

直到上课铃响了,学生们才停止谈话。.........................................................................

65.thanks for/ thanks to

(1)thanks for 表示“因为……而表示感谢”。

Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

(2)thanks to 有两种意思,作为非惯用法,其一意为“对……的谢意”,

thanks作名词用;其二意为“多亏了……”。例如:

Please give my thanks to your parents.请转达我对你的父母亲的谢意。

作为惯用法,意为“因为”、“多亏”。如:

Thanks to space satellites, the world itself is becoming a much smaller place.多亏有了太空卫星,世界自身才变得小多了。..........................................................................

66.towards/ to

这两个词都有“向、朝、对于”之意,但用法不同。

(1)towards 表示“向着某个方向”,没有“到达”之意。如:

They saw a dog coming towards them.他们看见一只狗朝他们走过来。

(2)to一般接在come\go\move\return等动词后,表示“向、往”,有“到达”之意。如:

It was raining when I came to school this morning. ......................................................................

67.very/ quite/ rather/ too

这四个词都是副词,表示“很、十分”之意。

(1)very没有褒贬之义,中性词。very good/ bad/ beautiful;

(2)quite带有褒义,有“赞扬、赞美”之意。quite good/ well;

(3)rather 带有贬义,有“批评”、“鄙视”之意。rather fat/ bad;

(4)too也带有贬义,在这些词中程度最大,有“过于”、“太……”。

如too noisy 太噪,too fat 太胖。.....................................................................

68.what…for/ why

what…for和why都可译为“为什么”,但前者重提问目的,往往用含有目的的

动词不定式来回答;why侧重提问原因,往往用表示原因的because从句来回答。如:

①What do you want a science lab for?你要实验室干什么?

②-What did Tom come here for?汤姆为什么到这里来?

-He came to borrow my bike.他来是为了借我的自行车。

③-Why were you late for school?你为什么上学迟到?

-Because I didn’t catch the bus.因为我没有赶上公共汽车。..........................................................................

69.whether/ if

这两个词都作“是否”解,引导宾语从句时,二者可互换。如:

People often ask me whether/ if I like football.人们常问我是否喜欢足球。

但在下列情况中不能用if, 只能用whether。

(1)当whether与or not连成一个词组时。如:

I don’t know whether or not he would come for our hel p.

我不知道他是否来帮助我们。

(2)whether 引导的(主语)从句放在句首时。如:

Whether this is right or not, I can’t say.这事对与不对,我说不准。

Whether you will go is none of my business.你是否要去与我无关。

(3)whether + to do sth. 复合结构,可以作宾语。

He hasn’t decided whether to go or not.他没有决定是否要去。..........................................................................

70.noise, sound, voice

这三个词都表示声音,但意思上有区别:

﹡noise 指的是人们不愿意听到的“噪声”表示“噪音,喧闹声”,一般指嘈杂,吵闹等令人不快的声音。如:The noise of the street kept me awake.街上的吵闹声让我睡不着。The noise of the rain nearly drowned out our conversation.雨声大得几乎超过了我们的谈话声。

﹡sound 泛指你能听到的“声音”。表示“声音”,含义很广泛,指任何可以听到的声音,包括悦耳及令人不快的声音。如:All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.突然,有了枪响声和哭声。如:Did you hear the strange sound from the next room this morning?今天早上你是否听到隔壁房间发出的怪声音?

﹡voice 则指说话和唱歌的“嗓音”。一般指人说话,唱歌或笑的声音。如:The little girl has

a beautiful voice.这个小女孩有一副好嗓子。The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.这位歌手因重感冒而失去了银铃般的嗓音。..........................................................................

71.queue, row, line

这三个词都有“排;行”的意思,但用法不同。

﹡queue 表示“行列”、“长队”,指由排队等候的人或车辆组成的队列,queue 是英国英语、美国英语用line.例如:They are waiting in a queue. Or, They are waiting in (a) line. 他们正在排队等候。

﹡row 表示“排;行”,指很整齐的一排(行)人或事物。例如:

I am in Row One. 我在第一排。

﹡line 表示“排;行”,指一排(行)人或事物,有时queue, row可以通用。但line 前面的不定冠词可以省略,而queue,row 前面的不定冠词不能省略。例如:Please look at page 8, line 5. 请看第八页第五行。They are standing in (a) line.(They are standing in a row.) ..........................................................................

72.sick, ill

这两个词都表示“生病的,有病的”意思。

﹡ill 是英国用语,比较级和最高级分别是worse 和worst, 它是一个表语形容词。例如:She was ill in bed yesterday.她昨天卧床不起。

She is ill with a cough.她患咳嗽。

﹡sick 表示“生病的”意思时是常见的美语用法。其实它还表示“作呕的、厌倦的、渴望的”,在句中既可以作定语,也可以作表语。例如:

The sick man is my uncle.那个生病的人是我叔叔。

He is sick of cleaning the classroom.他讨厌打扫教室。..........................................................................

73.in hospital, in the hospital

﹡in hospital 在英国,in hospital 是“住院”的意思,hospital 具有抽象化的涵义,不指某个具体的医院,故前面不用冠词。

﹡in the hospital 意为“在医院”,在这里,hospital 指一家具体的医院。例如:He is ill in hospital. 他生病住院了。

In the hospital, the woman finds her husband.在医院里,那位妇女找到了她的丈夫。..........................................................................

74.after,in

这两个介词都可以表示一般时间“以后”的意思。其区别是:

﹡after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子。如She went after three days。她是三天以后走的。

﹡In以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。如:She will go three days。她三天以后去那儿。..........................................................................

75.ago,before

这两个副词都有“若干时间以前”的意思。

﹡ago的意思是“距今……以前”,通常与一般过去时连用;

﹡before的意思是“距过去某时……以前”,通常与过去完成时连用。如I visited him three days ago,but he had gone to Shanghai a week before.我三天前去访问他,但他已于那时一周前到上海去了。

..........................................................................

76.as,since,because,for

﹡because表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句是全句的重心,它引导的从句一般放在主句的后面;回答以why引起的特殊疑问句,只能用because。如:He is absent today because he is ill。他今天缺席,因为他病了。——Why didn’t he come?——Because he had an important meeting to attend。——他为什么没来?——因为他有个重要的会议要参加。﹡As只说明一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放在句首,有时也放在句尾。如:As everybody has arrived, now, we can set off。既然大家都到了,我们可以动身了。

﹡since意为“既然”,表示对方已经知晓,无需加以说明的原因或事实(有时为天经地义的事实或格言、谚语等),语气比because稍弱,全句重点落在主句上。如:I ’ll do it for you since you are busy。既然你忙,我来替你做吧。

﹡for是并列连词,它的语气最弱,常用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。它引导的句子不能放在句子的开头。如:We must leave now,for the film begins at seven.我们得走了,因为电影七点钟开始放映。..........................................................................

78. farther, further

在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换使用,但further还有“更多;进一步;稍后;额外”等含义,此时不能与farther互换使用。如:The problem must be further discussed next time.这个问题下一次还要进一步讨论。We must get further imformation.我们必须获得更多的信息。..........................................................................

79. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

﹡few和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“一些”,“有一点”。few和a few用于修饰可数名词;little和a little用于修饰不可数名词。

﹡several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few,some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思

﹡some可用于修饰可数名词也可用于修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或a little,或更多些。..........................................................................

80.many, much, a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a number of,

a good(great)dealof

﹡many用来修饰可数名词,表示数目,反义词为few。如:There are many apples in the basket.篮子里有许多苹果。

﹡much用来修饰不可数名词,表示量,反义词为little。如:I’m sorry to give you so much trouble.真对不起,给你添了这么多的麻烦。

﹡a lot of(lots of)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词时可与many换用;修饰不可数名词时,可与much换用。如:A lot of(Lots of)people think so.很多人都这样想。

﹡plenty of意为“足够”、“许多”、“大量”,它既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。如:I didn’t hurry because I had plenty of time.我没有匆忙,因为我有足够的时间。

﹡a number of修饰可数名词的复数形式,它修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。它意为“有些”时可与some换用;意为“许多”时,可与many,a lot of,plenty of换用。如:I have a number of letters to write. 我有一些信要写。

﹡a good (great) deal of 只用于修饰不可数名词,可与much 换用。它修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:I spent a great deal of time (in)doing my homework.我花费了相当多的时间做家庭作业。..........................................................................

81. spend,take,cost,pay

﹡spend的宾语通常是时间、金钱。在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式作其宾语。如:She spent the whole evening reading.她把整个晚上都用来读书。﹡take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语。如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?

﹡cost指花费时间、金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词作主语,且不能用被动语态。如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?

﹡pay主要指主语(某人)买某物(或某事)付多少钱(给某人)。如I pay for my rooms by the month.我按月支付房租。..........................................................................

82. sport,game,match,race

﹡sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,如篮球、足球、田径运动、划船、赛马等都属于sport。如:People all over the world enjoy sports.世界各地的人们都喜欢运动。

﹡game意为“运动”,“比赛”,通常指为了娱乐而运动,根据某种规则进行的具体表演,或指以比赛胜负为主的运动。不管是户内或户外,脑力或体力的比赛,都可以叫game。game 还可以表示“运动会”,如Olympic Games(奥运会)

﹡match意为“竞赛”,“比赛”,大多数是指正式比赛。如:Our team won the football match.我们队在足球比赛中获胜。

﹡race主要用于赛跑、赛马(车等)的比赛。如:They won the boat race.他们在划船比赛中获胜。..........................................................................

84. start,begin

﹡begin用法较广,在很多情况下可以替代start,反义词为end。后面可接动词不定式或动名词,意思没有多大差别。

﹡start的意思是“开始”,含有“突然开始”的意味,给人以动的感觉,因此常表示“开动”、“发动”的意思,其反义词为stop。当表示某一动作中止后又重新开始,一般用start。..........................................................................

85. very,much

这两个词都含有“很”的意思,但有以下区别:

①very修饰形容词和副词的原级和作形容词用的现在分词。如:He is very clever.他很聪明。It is very exciting.那十分激动人心。much修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如:You must work much harder.你必须更加努力的工作。

②much可以在疑问句和否定句中修饰动词,very不能。如:I don’t like him much.我不大喜欢他。..........................................................................

86. while,when,as

﹡while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作和状态是同时发生的。如Please keep quiet while others are studying.在别人学习的时候,请保持安静。

﹡when 既可指较短的时间(即某一具体时间),也可指一段时间。主句和从句中的动作可

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初中英语重点词汇部分 A 1.able adj.有能力的;能干的 eg. His mother is an able housewife. 2.about prep.关于;对于adv.大约adv.到处(=around) eg. It’s about/around six o’clock now. I like to walk about/around after supper. 3.above prep.在……之上;上文 eg. Read the passage above/ below (上面的/下面的) 4.accept v.接受 eg. I didn’t accept his gift. 5.address n.地址;v.向……演讲/说话,称呼eg. He will address the meeting. Excuse me, how can I address you? 请问您尊姓大名? 6.afford v.负担得起(……的费用),抽得出(时间);提供eg. They walked because they couldn’t afford a taxi. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. Television affords pleasure to many people. 7.against prep.与……对抗;对着;prep.抵着,靠着;反对;(与动词连用)表碰撞 eg,Put the ladder against the wall. Fight against SARS 抗击非典He hit his head against the wall. The rain was beating against the window. 8.age &年龄,(复数)极长的时间,很久eg. I waited for ages.我等了很久了。 It took us ages to find a place to park.我们找了半天才找到个停车的地方。 9.agree v.同意;赞成 eg. I can’t agree more.我完全同意。 sth. agree with sb.(用于否定句,疑问句)(对某人的健康或胃口)适合eg. The hot Sichuan food doesn’t agree with me.辣的四川食品对我不适合。agree to 同意 eg. Is she going to agree to our suggestion? 10.air n.天空;空气v.使通风,晾干 eg. The room is so stuffy(气闷的),we have to air the room, in the air = uncertain 不定的eg. My plan is still in the air. 11.alike adj.相似的;相像的adv.以同样方式地eg. They look alike. They treat their children alike. 12.all adj. & pron.全(部),所有的,总;全部,全体人员eg. He spent all his money. I invited my five sisters but not all can come. 13.allow v.允许,准许 eg. My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone. 14.alone adj.& adv.独自;单独(的)地 eg. Please leave me alone.请别打扰/ 别管我。 15.another adj. & pron.再一,另一,别的;另一个eg. Would you like another cup of tea? I don’t like this pen. Please give me another. 16.answer n & v.回答,回信,答案;回答,回复eg. I rang the bell but there was no answer. Please answer me a letter as soon as possible. 17.anxious adj.忧虑的;焦虑的;不安的 eg. Helen is anxious about travelling on her own. 18.appear v.出现;露面;似乎,显得,好像eg. He appears (to be) very sad today. You don’t want to appear a fool. It appears/seems that he likes it very much. 19.apple n.苹果 eg. the apple of one’s eye(喻)极珍爱的人/物;掌上明珠 20.appreciate v.感激 eg. I appreciated his help when we moved. 21 arrive v.到达,达到 eg. Give me a call to let me know when you’ve arrived. 22.ask v.问,询问;请求 eg. Ask him about the book you losthe may have found it. ask for要求(得到) eg. Did you ask your boss for a pay increase? 23.asleep adj.& adv.睡着的(地),熟睡的(地)eg. Don’t wake him up—he,s asleep. 24.attack v.& n.攻击,袭击;(疾病)发作,侵袭eg. a heart attack 心脏病发作an attack of fever 发烧 25.attract v.吸引(人);引起……的注意或兴趣eg. Bright colors attract people easily, attractive adj.有吸引力的 B 1.bear n.熊v.容忍,忍受(=stand) eg. I can’t bear you/ the pain.

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一、选择题 1.—I heard that Tina got into Harvard University. —That’s ________ what I’m trying to tell you. A.especially B.nearly C.hardly D.exactly 2.We’d better finish our work ________ one go. Don’t put it off till next time. A.in B.to C.on D.for 3.That path ________ directly to my house.You won't miss it. A.leads B.forms C.repairs D.controls 4.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places. A.so B.or C.but D.for 5.— Can you tell us about our new teacher? — Oh, I’m sorry. I know________ about him because I haven’t seen him before. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 6.When I as well as my cousins __________ as a volunteer in Beijing, I saw the Water Cube twice. A.were treated B.treated C.was served D.served 7.He is wearing his sunglasses to himself from the strong sunlight. A.prevent B.stop C.keep D.protect 8.We should learn_______ each other. A.to B.from C.for D.of 9.The song Where Is Time Gone sung by Diamond(张碧晨)________the yearly general c hampion of China’s Voice. A.lost B.won C.beat D.got 10.He ________all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. A.requested B.attacked C.protected D.ignored 11.—Can you ________ some of the famous tourist attractions in Paris? —Sure. There is Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, etc. A.call B.tell C.name D.talk 12.Remember to return the book to the school library in time, ________ you will be fined(罚款). A.or B.and C.but D.so 13.—Why did Jim look so happy? —It________ him that he had a good choice even if he failed in the job interview. A.learned B.broke C.hit D.received 14.—Do you like English? —Yes, I think it is difficult ________ interesting. A.and B.but C.because

初中英语中考必考重点词语辨析汇总

初中英语中考必考重点词语辨析汇总 1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思。 after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。 如: She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的。 in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中。 如: She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走。 2. how long, how often, how soon how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。 如: How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了? how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如

once a week等)提问。 如: —How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次? how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。 如: How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来? 3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”; 而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”。 few 和a few修饰可数名词;little 和a little 修饰不可数名词。 several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思。 some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或a little,有时指更多一些的数量。 4. the other, another the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指。

初中英语重点词汇

●few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系: few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有; a few表示有肯定意思,有几个。例如: He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿。例如: There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗? [问] 1. My father has many books, but he has_____ English books. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Answer 2. The twins can speak only ___ French. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little Answer [析] 1. few 与little 作形容词用,都表示“几乎没有”,相当于一个否定词。具体区别: (1) few 后面跟复数可数名词。 e.g. few books few students (2) little 后面跟单数不可数名词。 e.g. little water little food e.g. He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 They has little money. 他们没有什麽钱 2. a few 与 a little 都表示肯定的意思,指“有一点,有一些”。具体区别: (1) a few 后加可数名词复数 (2)a little 后加不可数名词单数。 e.g. I'm going to buy a few bananas. I can speak only a little Chinese. 3. a little 与little 也可以用作副词,表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少”  e.g. ----Can you speak English? ----Yes, but only a little. This book is a little more difficult than that one. (可修饰形容词比较级) She slept little last night. 昨天晚上,她没有怎么睡觉。 ●very与much very与much表示“很”,“非常”。 不能用very来作修饰词,只能用much来作修饰词 very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级; much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级,修饰动词要用much或very much. She said she was much better than before. 她说她比过去好多了。 I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。

《绝对免费,强烈推荐》初中英语词语辨析精讲学习必备

★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站:https://www.360docs.net/doc/f99804281.html,/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 学英语简单吗?肯定会有许多学生说:“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢?答案只有一个:“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言,为什么你说汉语会如此流利?那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中,如果你在伦敦呆上半年,保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境,那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境,坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”,那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 一、多“说”。 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语,见了同学,尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候,谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典,遇到生词时查一下这些生词,也不用刻意去记,用的多了,这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担,始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 或许你有机会碰上外国人,你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼,和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪,婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇,句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇,而且不太看重说法,你只要发音准确,准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心,敢于表达自己的思想。 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系,你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象,对它谈你一天的所见所闻,谈你的快乐,你的悲伤等等,长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 二、多“听” 寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时,你应该大胆地去参与,多听听各种各样人的发音,男女老少,节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到,如果这样的机会少的话,你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听,这将会对你帮助很大,而你去听学过的课文的磁带,那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 三、多“读”。 “读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处,读的内容可以是你的课本,但最好是一些有趣的小读物,因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系,所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后,你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。 四、多“写” 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧,根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多,不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情,或当天学了某一个词组,你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法,又可以锻炼你的写作能力,比如学“wish”一词时,可写一小段如下:The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.

初中英语重点词汇辨析

1 accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。 ②We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。 Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如: ①I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。 ②He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。 ③He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。 [注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用receive, 而不用accept. 如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。 2 before long/ long before Ⅰ. before long. “不久”,“不久以后” Ⅱ. long before “很早以前”,“好久以前”如: ①I hope to see you again before long. 我希望不久以后再见到你。 ②We finished our work long before.我们早就把工作做完了 3 care (about) / take care of/ care for Ⅰ.take care of“照料=look after,即指喂饭照看等。如: ①Nurses take care of patients in hospital. [注]:它还可表所负的责任,如: ①Mr Savage takes care of marketing and publicity. 萨维奇先生负责销售和宣传。 Ⅱ.care about表你是否认为某件事是重要的,某件事是否引起了你的兴趣或使你忧虑,常用于疑问句或否定句中,后接从句时,about一般都要省略。如: I don’t care whether it rains, I’m happy. 我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。 Ⅲ.care for 有以下几种意思 1)“照料”(特别是多用在正式的或较文的文体中)如: She spent the best years of her life caring for her sick father. 她把一生中最好的岁月都用来照料她那有病的父亲了。 2)“关怀”“关心”如:care for the younger generation 关怀年轻的一代 3)“喜欢、愿意”(多用在疑问句或否定句中)[care for sb. to do sth.] 如: ①Would you care for a cup of tea? 你喜欢喝一杯茶吗? ②I don’t/shouldn’t care for him to read this letter. 我不愿让他看这封信 4 cost/ spend/ pay/ take Ⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”;“需要花费……钱/ 精力”等,它的主语一般为表示东西的名词,不能为表示人的名词,作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语,无被动语态。如: ①I’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。 ②The chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅子花了我30元。 ③The building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。(使花(某种代价); 使损失) ④Bad driving may cost you your life.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。 ⑤作名词时意为“花费;成本”→The cost of the house was too high for me.这房子的价钱太 高,我买不起。 [常用搭配]: ①at all costs 不惜一切代价,—→The officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs.军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。 ②at the cost of 以……为代价。 →1). He finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项工作,但失去了健康。 →2). She saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从火中把他救出,但她自己却牺牲了。 ③cost of living 生活费用。 —→As the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活费用越上涨,我的生活水准越降低。

初中英语常用词语辨析-模板

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中考英语重点词组短语

最新中考英语短语总结(314) 短语总结 1. It’s time for sth. 该到做某事的时间了. It’s time to do sth.(It’s time for sb. to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了. 2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事. 3. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事. 4. make/let sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事. 5. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事. 6. had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事. 7. It’s better to do sth最好做某事 8. It’s best to do sth最好做某事 9. enjoy 喜欢做某事 10. finish 结束做某事 11. keep 继续做某事 12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 13. carry on 继续做某事 14. go on 继续做某事 15. feel like 喜欢做某事 16. stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事. 17. forget/remember to do 与forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事. 18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事

19. prefer….to ……喜欢…..胜过…… 20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事. 21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事. 22. What’s wong with……? …..出了问题(事)? 23. have nothing to do with….. 与…..无关 24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事 25. too…..to….. 太……以致知于不…… 26. so ……that ….. 如此….. 以致知于不…… 27. such…..that…… 如此….. 以致知于不…… 28. It take sb. some time to do sth .某人做某事用了一些时间. 29. spend …..on sth.(doing sth.)花钱/时间做某事. 30. pay…..for sth.花费(钱)买某物. 31. What /how about……? …….怎么样(好吗)? 32. would like to do sth .想要/愿意做某事.. 33. I don’t think that我认为……不….. 34. Why not do sth.? Why don’t y ou do sth .?为什么不做某事呢? 35. What do you mean by….?你….是什么意思? 36. What do you think of …..(How do you like ….)你认为….怎么样? 37. Mike enjoys collecting stamps . So do I.迈克喜欢集邮.我也也喜欢. 38. The more, the better . 越多越剧好. 39. Thanks for doing sth.谢谢你做了某事. 40. It i s said that….. 据说……

新初中英语词汇辨析的知识点总复习附答案

一、选择题 1.He wrote his phone number ________ a piece paper. A.on B.for C.in D.from 2.We’d better finish our work ________ one go. Don’t put it off till next time. A.in B.to C.on D.for 3.一Where is Mr. Brown? 一I think he's _____________ the music hall. A.on B.in C.over D.from 4.Many people think Erquan rngyue is too sad, _____________ it's my favorite. A.and B.so C.or D.but 5.In modern life, shopping online is________ used by many people, especially for teenagers. A.exactly B.badly C.heavily D.widely 6.I don’t want to go. __________, I am too tired. A.However B.And C.Besides D.But 7.— Mr. Wilson, can I ask you some questions about your speech? — Certainly, feel __________ to ask me. A.good B.patient C.free D.happy 8.My sister Nancy often gets lost because of her bad _____ of direction. A.sense B.feeling C.experience D.information 9.Her only problem, ________ you can call it a problem, is that she expects to be successful all the time. A.if B.because C.though D.since 10.We should learn_______ each other. A.to B.from C.for D.of 11.More and more people have realized that clear waters and green mountains are as ________ as mountain of gold and silver. A.central B.harmful C.valuable D.careful 12.Remember to return the book to the school library in time, ________ you will be fined(罚款). A.or B.and C.but D.so 13.We 'll have a trip to America ______ February. A.of B.at C.on D.in 14.—Mum, I don’t want the trousers. They’re too long. —Sorry. I’ll buy a ________ pair for you. A.big B.small C.short 15.—What do you think of the performance today? —Great! ________ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A.All B.None C.Anybody D.Everybody

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