新编大学英语3-浙江大学编著-外语教学与研究出版社第4单元课文翻译及课后练习

Unit 4 Career Planning

择业规划

1 进行择业规划不一定要遵照常规的或合乎逻辑的步骤。我们每个人对不同的因素有不同侧重，也许在不同的时候会考虑择业规划的不同方面。进行择业规划，要收集有关我们自身以及职业的信息资料，估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果，最后做出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择。

2 许多观察家指出学生在择业规划方面不是很在行。他们列出了以下事实：1）大部分学生选择职业的范围很窄；2）多达40%至60%的学生选择专业性的职业，而实际上只有15%至18%的从业人员在做专业性的工作；3）男青年对文书、销售以及服务性行业兴趣索然，尽管这些领域会提供许多就业机会；4）多达三分之一的学生说不出选择什么职业好。

3 欧文·贾尼斯和利昂·曼在他们的《决策》一书中指出，许多人的决策方式存在严重缺陷，而这些问题似乎与人们处理问题的模式有关。第一个缺陷是自满。有些人对于要费心思考虑的择业信息置之不理，这就是自满的表现。有些人采取“这不会影响我”或“这永远也不会发生”的态度，这就是以自满作为支配地位的行为模式。当然，对于那些不决定成败的决策，自满是可以的，但在做职业方面的决策时，来不得自满。

4 人们在决策方式上存在的第二个缺陷是消极回避。每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦，以此来保持平静。有些学生没有考虑到职业抉择会产生的影响，往往采取文过饰非（对自己的行为所作的解释虽能自我满足但却是错误的，以此来欺骗自己）或者拖延（推迟或耽搁）的态度。面对现状也许会令人焦急不安，但认真考虑一下各种方案也能给人宽慰。

5 第三个缺陷是过份地提心吊胆。当人们面对职业选择而又感到没有足够时间找到解决方法时，会感到惊慌失措。他们紧张地寻找各种就业机会，然后采取匆忙的决定，忽视了这样的选择会带来的后果，也忽视了其他的择业机会。惊慌失措的人往往会思路不清，缺乏逻辑。

6 最好的做法就是眼观六路，耳听八方。当人们确信以下三点时，会做出机敏的决策：1）应该做出选择；2）自己能找到解决问题的办法；3）有足够的时间。这样，学生才能够有效地寻求各种可能的职业，仔细地掂量每一种可能性，并且制定出应变计划，以便应付各种风险。

7 以下是择业规划的关键步骤：

8 1．研究自我。这是择业规划的关键所在。了解自己是怎样一个人，看重什么以及想成为什么样的人，这些是整个择业规划的依据。在研究自我的过程中，你审视自己的长处与弱点，自己的目标以及自身发展的方向。对自己的了解使你能够设想哪些职业最符合你的个性、兴趣、能力和目标。所有的职业抉择都要求我们既要了解自己又要了解有关工作，并把这两方面的情况结合起来(加以考虑)。

9 2．把自己的事业目标写下来。要把自己事业发展的设想归纳起来。一个切实可行的做法是，把这些设想按照你一生的各个时间段一一写下来。写作过程迫使你理清思路，并认识到那些模糊、不成熟的想法。这会使你对自己的发展前途有新的了解，并有助于你看清新的关系、模式及方向，或者明确你在考虑自己事业发展方面还有哪些不到之处。

10 3．定期地与他人一起审视你的规划与所取得的进展。不时地估量一下自己的情形，考虑下一步该采取什么步骤。评估一下自己的进步并计划下面的步骤，这有助于你应对要经历的变化以及劳动力市场的变化。与你的大学辅导员、父母与朋友探讨你的计划，这有助于你明确目标，改进择业规划，或使计划得以实施。

11 4．如果选择的职业不适合你，可以重新开始。如今，越来越多的男男女女在变换职业，或者重新开始一份对他们更有吸引力的职业。其中许多人一旦发现自己所从事的行业不尽人意，就重新参加培训以谋求其它职业。这些新的职业常常是他们年轻时所忽视的，或者是由

于当时的经济或别的原因而没有机会从事的。

12 社会学家们说改变职业几乎没有“走下坡路”的，大部分都是按传统的关注“往高处走”的。社会已不再像过去那样把跳槽看成是一种“不安分”、可耻的事了。

13 任何年龄段的人都有可能换工作和改职业。据估计, 20岁到25岁年龄段的男性中多达四分之一的人更换职业。而在25岁到44岁的年龄段，该比例大约是八分之一。

14 择业规划并不能保证你将来所面临的所有问题、困难或决策形势都能得到解决或变得容易。没有任何妙方能做到这一点。但是，择业规划能够帮助你面对或更好地处理新的问题，诸如决定是否要接受某方面的教育或培训，是否要更换工作，还能帮助你分析所面临的困境或与某人交往中所存在的困难。

15 没有人能预见我们任何一个人的未来。未来的一些社会、情感、道德等方面要考虑的因素是无法预见的。但是这个往往不尽人意的现代世界给予了我们一个最重要的教训，那就是进步来自于规划。对自己职业的无知并不是一种福气，理智比机遇和命运更重要。尽管没有一种万无一失的方法能保证我们的择业规划成功，但是要打造自己未来的事业，有些事是你现在就能做的。

Reading Comprehension

1. 1) Introduction (para. 1):

Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.

2) Students’ weaknesses in career planning (para. 2):

i) Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.

ii) 40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only

15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.

iii) Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities.

iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.

3) Serious flaws in the ways of decision making (para. 3-5)

i) Complacency – ignoring challenging information.

ii) Defensive avoidance – resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming.

iii) Hypervigilance – searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing

on hastily derived solutions.

4) Keys to career planning (para. 6-11)

i) Study yourself.

ii) Write your career goals down.

iii) Review your plans and your progress periodically with another person.

iv) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.

5) Changes in careers (para. 12-13)

i) Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead.

ii) Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.

6) Conclusion (para. 14-15)

Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.

2. 1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) F

Vocabulary

1. 1) periodically 2) efficiency 3) insight 4) instability 5) clerical

6) evaluation 7) foreseeable 8) challenging 9) integrate 10) formula

2. 1) in case 2) Every so often 3) resort to 4) talk over 5) start over

6) in reality 7) at stake 8) seized on 9) leading to 10) take stock of

3. 1) country 2) way 3) technical 4) both 5) provided 6) who

7) such 8) needed 9) opportunities 10) when 11) to 12) Completion 13) holding 14) early 15) hire 16) promote 17) up 18) educating

Translation

1) I used to enjoy/like photography, but I now have no time to pursue any hobbies.

2) There is no sure way to tell/predict who will develop asthma and who won’t.

3) Today neurobiologists no longer argue about whether or not the brain can grow new cells.

4) “I d on’t love acting as much as I once d id”, said Angelina Jolie.

5) I f you don’t define your goal, you don’t know in which direction you should be heading.

6) While you should not dwell on your past, taking the time to review and reflect on the path you have taken/spending some time reviewing and thinking about the path you have taken will help you plan for the future.

7) You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.

8) These examples demonstrate how poorly some students write their résumés.

Part Three Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) C 5) C 6) A 7) C 8) B 9) B 10) C

3. 1) G 2) D 3) B 4) H 5) I

Notes:

1)In Ad A, “light typing” means they wouldn’t have to type very much.

2)In Ad C, “power lighting design” means the design of lights for a room, building, or street.

3)In Ad D, “detail-oriented” means careful and meticulous.

4)In Ad F, “financial statements” means report of the finances (of a certain company) (财务报

告).

5)In Ad G, “legal trainee” means someone who is receiving, or has received training

concerning legal matters.

4. What Matters Most?

Sample

STEP ONE & STEP TWO

(The following factors have been listed according to their importance):

? a high salary;

?lots of perks (工资以外的实物或好处), e.g. a company car, reimbursing travel expenses, vacation;

?an opportunity, through your job, to serve others in the community/in society;

?good promotion prospects;

? a pleasant, friendly working atmosphere;

?short working hours—not more than 35 hours a week;

? a good boss;

?pleasant colleagues;

?career orientation;

?suitable for one’s natural/professional talents/skills;

?interesting tasks;

?good safety record;

?clean environment;

?restaurant in the building;

?good location (near bus stop, highway, metro, etc.);

?opportunity for travel, especially going abroad;

?opportunities for professional development/job training;

?daycare facilities;

?school nearby.

STEP THREE: I will explain why I list “a high salary, perks and serving the society” as the three most important factors contributing to my job satisfaction. Even though we do not work to live, still, it’s a very realistic and materialistic world. Without money, we can do nothing. After we graduate, we have to repay our parents’support for our education, to make their lives better. Also, we have to buy or rent our own apartments. Very soon, perhaps we will have a child. How can we support the family? Only by working hard and earning a good salary. But of course, money is not my only pursuit. Career satisfaction also involves serving the society. I can derive a lot of pleasure from the fact that I can use my knowledge and ability to make contributions to the society. So it’s really a win-win situation in my opinion.

5. Are Summer Jobs Necessary?

Sample

1) I think the following jobs are not practical in China: 1) baby-sitting, and 2) opening a

lemonade stand. The following jobs are practical: 3) working in the library or in the cafeteria, 4) tutoring, 5) being a waiter or waitress and 6) being a teaching assistant.

I’d like to say something about why being a baby-sitter is not practical in China. The main reason is that China has adopted one-child-per-family policy. Very often the only child is the so-called “prince” or “princess” in the family. On the one hand, parents and grandparents dote on the only child so much that they don’t feel at ease to allow a young student to take care of them. On the other hand, we students are also the only child in our families. We know nothing about baby-sitting and cannot be expected to be able to take good care of other people’s kids. What’s more, our parents believe students’major responsibility at school is to study. They don’t think we should spend our precious time baby-sitting instead of studying. These are the reasons why I think it is not practical for college students to be baby-sitters in China.

I think being a tutor is not only practical but also a very good job. Many college

students use their summer time or weekends to tutor middle-school students. They teach kids either English or Math, two very important subjects. The reasons why college students can be tutors are as follows: First, they like to be tutors because they enjoy teaching what they excel at while receiving pay. Also, their parents also think it is a good job. And, high school students like to be tutored by college students because they have more in common in terms of hobbies and interests. Parents also like college students to tutor their kids because they are good examples for their kids. What’s more, they pay less to a student tutor than to a teacher tutor. That’s why many college students like to be tutors.

2) Advantages:

—enable one to earn some money to pay for college expenses and part of their tuition fees;

—help one to gain some work experience;

—help one to compare different jobs and form a clear idea about their future career;

—help one to learn about the outside world;

—help to apply and practice what he/she learns at the university;

—help one to gain additional training;

—help one to make contacts, meet new people;

—help one to learn to work with other people;

—help one to serve the community or help others.

Disadvantages:

—distract one’s attention from studies;

—make one become too practical;

—make one become money-oriented;

—spoil one’s vacation, which could be spent on relaxation, traveling, etc.

—cause one to spend more time away from one’s family;

—tiring, unhealthy work conditions;

—prevent one from taking summer courses.

Part Four Writing and Translation

2. Translation Practice

A. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he here, in this city?

Applicant: No, he is in another city.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.

Applicant: Why not?

Interviewer: You would not be keeping your mind on your work. What’s more, we do not want to see our telephone bill increase enormously because of you.

B. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?

Applicant: No.

Interviewer: Have you ever dated a girl?

Applicant: Yes, but she didn’t want to date me.

Interviewer: Do you want to date girls after you have a job?

Applicant: I will set my mind on work first. I will not consider my marriage now. Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.

Applicant: Why not?

Interviewer: You are lacking in the ability of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Also, you lack self-confidence.

C. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is she pretty?

Applicant: Not quite.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.

Applicant: Can it be that a plain girlfriend will affect your company’s image?

Interviewer: It’s not that. But our company engages in works of art. Your aesthetic judgment does not satisfy our company’s need.

D. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is she pretty?

Applicant: Very.

Interviewer: Is she your first love?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you lack the initiative in unceasingly pursuing the better

E. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is she your first love?

Applicant: No, I had a couple of girlfriends before.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you would soon job-hop.

F. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he very rich?

Applicant: No.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because your job is to work with money. I’m afraid you cannot resist the temptation.

G. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he very rich?

Applicant: Yes, he has his own company.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because even your boyfriend’s company doesn’t employ you.

Applicant: But that’s because his company doesn’t have a position suitable for me. Interviewer: What’s your major then?

Applicant: Secretary.

Interviewer: Sorry, we still cannot employ you. Pretty girls will affect our manager’s work. Applicant: But I am not pretty.

Interviewer: That’s even worse. If you are not pretty, our manager will not be interested in you.

Part 4 Translation and Writing

2.

1. 刚才总统对我所说的热情友好的话使我深受感动。

2. 我想和负责我账户的人说话。

3. 从前雅典有一条法律，规定该市市民愿意把自己的女儿嫁给谁，就有权强迫她嫁给谁。

4. 有些人坚信，每张课桌上放一台计算机终端设备的时代即将来临，而另一些坚持说传统的教学方法决不会让位于计算机教学。

5. 另外一个人似乎胸有成竹。

3. Writing

Sample 1:

Dear Sir/Madam:

I would like to be considered as a private tutor listed in today’s _______ Evening Paper.

I am a 19-year old girl and right now I am studying at ________ University, majoring in Energy. I am now a freshman and my high school years are still fresh in my mind. I passed the National Entrance Examination with flying colors*. So I believe that I have plenty of knowledge and rich experience in study and examinations.

I am good at Chemistry and Physics in which your daughter needs help. I won the second prize in a national Chemistry contest and the third prize in a national Physics contest. And I can also help your child with her English and Math. If I become your child’s tutor, I will do all I can to teach her and you will be satisfied with her progress.

I am eager to get this job because I want to enrich my teaching experience and learn how to get along well with others. Money is my secondary consideration.

I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My phone number is ________. I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely Yours,

XXX

Sample 2:

Dear Sir or Madam,

I would like to be considered as an applicant for the secretary position listed in today’s ____________ Daily.

I am a female student and I am now 21. In June this year I will graduate from ________ University. My major is economics. I also have a minor in secretarial business. I have taken such courses as Bookkeeping, Accounting, Communication at Work and Business English. During my winter vacation last year, I worked as a secretary in a company. I am proficient in Excel, SPSS, and PowerPoint. Apart from these skills, I have high proficiency in English and I can speak English fluently. Being cooperative and flexible, I am good at communicating with different kinds of people. I am also a good driver, and have no illegal driving records. In short, I’m sure that I’m the

suitable person for the job and I can do it well.

I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My telephone number is ____________. I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely Yours,

XXX