2021届全国新高考英语备考复习--短文改错

2021届全国新高考英语备考复习--短文改错
2021届全国新高考英语备考复习--短文改错

2021届全国新高考英语备考复习

短文改错

命题趋势

短文改错的题稳中有变,难度逐年上升。试题中与法规则有关的错误设置在减少,对固定习语、机械性记忆的要求在慢慢弱化。错误设置主要集中在动词时态(而且多局限于对一般现在时与一般过去时的判断)、名词(大都是可数名词的单复数交化)、冠词的用法、介词、连

词的误用等,而且语篇意识年年在强化,很多错误需要联系全文背景或上下文语境才能准确找出。

考纲内容

短文改错集语法知识与语言技能为一体,旨在考查考生对语言的评价与校正能力和对词汇、语法、语篇三要素的把握能力,要求考生正确判断出错误并将其改正。错误主要涉及词法、句法、行文逻辑等,需要考生具备一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理能力,在不同程度上借助语境进行判断,改项的设置注重在语篇中考查学生对所学语法及语言知识的综合运用能力。

题型解读

一、命题特点

短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。短文改错设置的考点灵活多变,知识层次多,覆盖面

广,包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等,是一种在较高层次上考査考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。

从近几年的高考短文改错题看,试题具有以下特点:

1.选材

短文改错的文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。一般约100词,所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活,多为考生所熟知,且话题贴近学生,有的带点幽默,有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂,材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇;句子结构简单,基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句语言地道,符合英语语语言习惯。

2.考点

短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广,分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角度考査考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力,同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。短文改错的设题有错词、缺词和多词三种可能。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式,以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词:缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整现象等方面;多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。

二、设题方式

做短文改错时,首先要认真通读全文,掌握文章大意,把握短文中的人物、情节、时间、地点等细节。然后在遵循原文主题的基础上逐句研究找错,要做到前后联系。做完后再通读

週,看是否还留有问题。常见的出错点可以归纳为以下几个方面:

1.动词:要做到动词时态统一、语态统一和主谓一致。

2.名词:要注意名词的单复数变化以及名词的所有格形式。

3.代词:注意人称代词的主格和宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词、反身代

词;还要注意代词指代一致、指代的对象的单复数、指代两者还是两者以上范围等。

4.连接词:注意句子前后之间的关系一并列关系(and)、转折关系(but,yet)、对比关系( while)、递进关系( besides)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so,therefore)、让步关系(or,or else,otherwise)。

5冠词:注意特指与泛指、可数名词单数与不可数名词前的冠词的使用、冠词的活用;还要注意a与an的区别,在以元音音素开头的名词前不定冠词要用an

6.形容词和副词:形容词在句中通常作表语、定语和补语,有时候也可作状语;一般而言,副词通常修饰动词、副词、形容词和整个句子;注意比较级和最高级的构成与句型用法;另外

还要注意一些表示逻辑关系的连接副词( however, besides,therefore等)

7.引导词:注意各种从句的引导词,要能够正确分析句子结构,弄清楚是哪种从句、引导词在从句中作什么成分,该用哪个引导词。

8.非谓语动词:注意确定是否用非谓语动词,如果需要用非谓语动词形式,要通过该词在句子中所作的成分判断出使用哪种非谓语动词,分清主动和被动关系、时态形式,还要注意一些固定搭配和固定句式。

9.固定搭配:掌握常见的、重点的名词、动词、形容词、介词等的固定搭配。

解题原则

改动以最少为原则;

虚词以添加或删除为原则;

实词以改变词形为原则

以保持句子原意为原则。

解题步骤

1.通读全文,掌握大意

要快速阅读全文,注意语境和有关提示。短文改错的语篇意识年年在强化,错误常常“隐藏”在短文中,因此要集中精力,努力进人阅读状态和文章角色,迅速提炼、优化短文中的直接信息和间接信息,激活有关背景知识。

2.整句理解,上下兼顾

要在规定的时间之内,注意以句子为单位,分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系,运用所学知识多角度、多层次地去发现问题和解决问题。改错的过程是在一个特定的语境下进

行的,考生在对文章进行阅读并基本理解之后,对难句、长句要从语法的角度对句子成分进行分析。对于那些还不能立即作答或自我感觉比较困难的题目,不必拘泥于其顺序排列。随

着对文章具体语言情景的逐渐把握,题目的答题范围逐步缩小,就会有豁然开朗、茅塞顿开的感觉。

3对照答案,复读全文

注意检查修正后的文章是否意思通畅,结构完整。要排除答题不会有错或答题有错也难以发现的心理定式的干扰,认真对照答案,从头到尾快速通读一遍,进一步加深对文章的理解,检查修正后的文章是否意思通畅、结构完整,是否前后联系、首尾呼应。

对无把握的题目,考生也要根据对文章信息的整合,试着从上下文语感、语法和词义等多角度来进行分析、推断,迅速做答。

短文改错的错误通常以多一词、缺一词、词汇错用三种形式设置。

考法1)多一词

多一词的考查点一般有1-2处,主要集中在虚词上,如介词、副词、冠词、不定式符号to、助动词等。这类词在句中不起主要作用,但却很容易用错,所以也是短文改错考查的重点之一。

1.多一介词或副词

介词和副词的多余主要体现在它们与动词的搭配上,或句子成分重复造成词语累赘

例My soccer coach retired in last week.

解析:去掉in “l ast+时间名词”作状语时,其前面不用介词。

2.多一冠词

冠词的使用是学生很容易出错的地方,多一冠词主要是在本应使用零冠词的情况中使用了不定冠词或定冠词。

例At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.

解析:去掉the at first“起初;一开始”,为固定短语。

3.多不定式符号to

不定式有带to的和不带to的两种情况,在一些不需要使用不定式符号to的地方极易出现to多余的现象。

例Suddenly Mary,my best friend asked me to let her to copy my answers.

解析:去掉第二个to let后跟省略to的不定式作补语

4.多一助动词

多一助动词的错误主要出现在时态误用、主动语态与被动语态错用等情况中例)... they were looked like rain!

解析:去掉were或去掉looked,此处were与1oked均为系动词,介词短语like rain作表语,故去掉其中之一。

5.多一连接词

多一连接词的错误主要出现在主从句都使用了从属连词起引导作用这种情况中,或在两个独立的句子中的某一个句子之前使用并列连词,导致其成为两个分句。

例Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area

解析去掉but though不和but同时出现在句中,因though位于句首,故去掉but

考法2 缺一词

高考中对缺词的考查跟多词的考查类似,常常是1一2处,要集中在介词、冠词、不定式符号to、代词、助动词、修饰语等几个方面。

1.缺一介词

介词的缺少主要体现在动词、名词、形容词等与介词的固定搭配中,缺失了应该搭配的适当介词。

(例)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time

解)dreams后加of dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”,为固定短语

2.缺一冠词

缺一冠词的考查主要国绕在不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法及固定搭配中,其目的在于让考生掌握冠词的正确用法,培养正确运用语言的能力。

Every time he arrived home at end of the day. we'd greet him at the door

解析;end前加the at the end of是围定词组,表示“在…结束时”

3.缺一不定式符号to

不定式符号to是不定式的表现形式,缺少to容易引起句式结构混乱。短文改错中对缺少不定式符号to的考查主要有带to的不定式作补语、定语及一些固定用法等。

例t's been a month since I came this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.

解析:want后加to want后用带to的不定式作语,want to do sth.“想要做某事”

4.缺一代词

代词是后文中为避免重复而用来指代前文出现过的名词等的一类词。短文改错中对代词的考查主要集中在及物动词后漏掉宾语、从句中漏掉不能省略的连接词和关系代词等几个方面。因此根据前后文信息,正确分析句子结构,把握好动词的用法及搭配关系等至关重要

例At last,will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help。

解析:whenever后加I此处是让步状语从句,句子缺少主语,由前面的主语可知用I。

5.缺一助动词

句子中助动词的缺失主要是由于时态、语态等的运用错误导致;另外句子结构的不完整,如系表结构中缺少系动词、从句中缺少助动词等也会考查到。

The commanding officer, Wayne Tyler, who directly responsible for the study of...

解析:who后加is who引导定语从句, responsible是形容词,从句中缺少谓语动词,故加be构成系表结构be responsible for。

6.缺一修饰语

修饰语的缺失主要是指名词前缺少修饰成分,如物主代词、指示代词、冠词等,以至于造成语意及句子理解上的混乱,正确判断名词前应有的修饰语要依据上下文的衔接及指代的

一致性。

例Tomorrow is first day of school.

解析:first前加my或the表示顺序的序数词前要加定冠词或物主代词、名词所有格等限定词。

7缺一连接词

连接词的缺失主要是因为混淆句子结构,没有分清两个句子之间的主从关系导致缺少从属连词,或误把两个存在并列转折、递进等关系的分句当作两个独立的句子使用,从而缺少

并列连词。

例He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.

解析he前加and 前后两个句子缺少连词,且为并列关系,故用and

考法3)词汇错用

词汇错用主要表现在谓语动词、非谓语动词的形式、形容词与副词混用、比较等级使用不当,名词的形式、冠词、代词、介词搭配、连词等方面1.动词错用

动词错用主要是由于上下文时态不一致,或主动语态与被动语态使用错误,或主谓不一致等情况导致助动词使用错误或动词的时态出现错误。

He makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking 解析:using-used此处表示被动含义,be used for“被用来做”。

2.非谓语动词错用

非谓语动词的错用主要表现在动词后的宾语的形式,及作状语、定语、补语等时非谓语动词的使用错误。避免错用的关建在于分清所需非谓语动词表示的时间概念及其与逻辑主语

之间的主被动关系

One evening at sunset,we sat by the fire, have our barbecue

解析:have-- having 句子的谓语是sat,have应用非谓语动词形式;we与have存在逻辑上的主动关系,句子的谓语是sat,故have用现在分词形式。

3.形容词和副词错用

形容词和副词的错用主要表现在这两类词的混用,即该用容词时用了副词或该用副词时用了形容词,或词性辦析不明确。其次表现在形容词和副词比较等级的误用,以及比较级或

高级前修饰语的误用。

At one time,I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.

解析:freely--free是连系动词,其后要眼形客词作表语。

4.名词错用

名词错用的考查主要集中在可数名词单复数的使用错误,可数名词和不可数名词的混用,以及抽象名词具体化的用法错误等几个方面

If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.

解析knowledges--knowledge knowledge知识”为不可数名词,没有复数形式。

5.代词错用

代词错用主要是前后指代的不一致造成的,考查时往往较为隐蔽。在解决这类错误时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象。另外定语从句中指人与指物的关系代词的

区别、非限制性定语从句中应用which的而误用成that、名词性从句中引导词what与that的错用等也是常考点。

例If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom

解析)us-you语境表示“你们的老师将会把你们带回到教室”。由其前主语your teacher可知此处应用you.

6.介词错用

介词错用主要是介词的固定用法及搭配方面的错误。考生应该掌握介词的基本含义和用法,更重要的是要注意其固定搭配的使用。

例)Now I am leaving home to college.

解析:to-for根据句意可知,此处指的是“高开家去上大学”,指要去的地方,所以用for,表示目的。

7、冠词错用

由于汉语中没有冠词的概念,因此使用冠词时,考生往往因为分辨不清泛指与特指而造成不定冠词与定冠词的错用,另外也要注意不定冠词a和an的正确使用。

例That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learned a impressive lesson about gravity.

解析:a-an impressive以元音音素开头,其前的不定冠词应用an。

8.连词错用

虽然连词从分类上说只有并列连词和从属连词两种,但是具体到每个连词的运用却很复杂。表示不同含义的并列句中的两个分句以及表示不同概念的从句都要使用不同的连词连接,所以明确句子意义及分句与分句之间或主从句之间的关系是选用正确连词的关键。

例If we stay at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money

解析:)but-and根据句意“如果我们待在家里,很服而且也没有必要花钱”

可知,上下句之间是并列关系,故用and连接。

巩固练习:

Passage1

Last week we hold a discussion on what we should do for your school before we graduate. The students in our class have different suggestion. Some students think what we can collect money buy some books for the school library or something else for the school. Other students think that it's not more necessary to spend money. We can study hardly and make our school feel proud of us.

On my opinion, we don't have to spend money. We can do something meaningfully without money. For example, we can do some voluntary work to beautify the school but try to get better results in the coming exams so that our school will be proud of us.

Passage2

Dear Ms Lee,

I' m delighted have you as my English teacher. English has become a globally language, but I'm convinced that learning English is of great use. We should learn English good to better understand that happens around the world.

But my English is rather poor. One of my problem is that I often feel nervous when speaking in the public. Besides, I feel it difficult to learn words by heart. I really hope you could offer us more chances to speak English. And I also hope you' ll give him some advice on how to learn new words. I believe I can make many progress than ever with your help.

Thank you!

Passage3

While taking walk with my pet dog this morning, I found a middle-aged man nearby was shouting on her phone.Obviously, he had a badly day. After he left, I noticed his key on the ground. So I immediately picked them up and ran away from to find the man. Several minutes later, I found him whom was still shouting on his phone beside his car. I walked to him and ask if he could hold on a few seconds. At first, he was angrily about my interruption. Then I showed his keys or explained the whole thing. On hearing my words, he immediately hung up his phone and apologized for his rude.

当堂检测:

Passage4

Dear Tom,

How is everything going? I have favor to ask. Next week I was going to a reception at the City Hall. As is expected, I'll meet some high school student and their teachers inviting from America.

The only problem is that because I’m not very good at small talks with people I don't know. So I am worried that I will make a fool of myself but make others embarrassing. I wonder if you would be kindly enough to give me some tips in what I can talk about with people from America. Are there any questions that you should not ask?

Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

Passage5The new term is coming! It's time for school. Last term, I make little effort on my English, but my grades were not satisfying. During the holiday, I realized English was of great important and made up my mind to make a progress. My

plan goes as follows: for one thing, I will learn new words for at little 20 minutes every morning and recite a 100-word paragraph; for another, I will try to be actively in class.

Besides, on my spare time, I will read more books about different topics open my mind. I think I can improve me a lot in this way, because that there is a will, there is a way.

家庭作业:

Passage1

I'm a 17-year-old senior student from Chinese. While surfed the Internet, I have found that your organization will be hold a summer camp in Singapore. With great interesting. I'd like to apply for it. I'm outgoing girl who like communicating with others. I can speak English well. My written English is excellent, either. I wish to Join in the activities. For one thing, I'm unwilling to introduce China to the other students from all over the world; for another, you expect to learn more about other countries. In addition. I'd like to make friends. The chance is so preciously that I’m really looking forward to your approval.

Passage2

I was sorry to know that you re having so a bad time nowadays. In actually fact, as a Senior Three student, it is normal that everyone will have to face the special periods when things seem be going worse and worse. Besides, you don’t have to be worry so much. The most important thing is

to learn how to control my temper. Here are two useful tips.

First, talking to someone you trust about how you feel,Second, go outdoors and play team game with your friends. I hope you'll soon feel calmer but carry on to achieve your goal.

高考英语专题短文改错二十篇1-20

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