英汉互译实用教程 精简笔记汇编

一翻译概论

译者合格条件

五条：1.外文水平高2.中文水平高3.知识面广4.政治觉悟较高5.熟悉基本的翻译技巧

A brief introduction to the history of translation in china

Translation in china has a long history of about two thousand years. During the centuries, quite a number of world-famous translators in China appeared one after another and they made great contributions to China as well as to the world in the development of translation.

See the following facts:

1.The Eastern Han – the Northern and Southern Dynasties (25—581)

China invited foreigners or the foreigners came to China by themselves to translate Buddhist Scripture. Among them were An Shigao （An Qing）from Persia (now Iran ), Indu Dharmarakcha and Kumarajiva form India.

2.The Sui Dynasty (581—618) –the Tang Dynasty (618—907): Golden Age of

Translation in Ancient China.

Three giants in translating Buddhist Scripture appeared:

1)Xuan Zang ( the Tang Dynasty )

2)Kumarajiva (the Eastern Jin Dynasty ) 鸠摩罗什

3)Paramatha (also called Gunarata ) ( N.& S. Dynasties) 真谛（波罗末

他）

3.The Ming Dynasty (1368—1644)

Xu Guangqi ( 徐光启), a Chinese and M. Ricci,( 利玛窦) an Italian cotranslated Euclid’s Elements (or: Euclid’s Elementorum )

4.The Qing Dynasty (1644—1911 )

There were great translators like Yan Fu and Lin Shu

Lin Shu:

1Camille ( or: La Dame aux Camelias) ( 《巴黎茶花女遗事》)

2 Uncle Tom’s Cabin( 《黑奴吁天录》)

3 David Copperfield( 《块肉余生述》)

Yan Fu:

1 Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays by T. H. Huxley (《天演论》)

2 An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations by A. Smith

(《原富》)

3 On Liberty by J. S. Mill (《群己权界论》)

4 A History of Politics by E. Jenks (《社会通诠》)

习题

1.Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.

（严氏三字真言）2. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are

faithfulness and smoothness.

3. Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or

said in another language, not only an art but also a science. (what is meant by translation?)

4. Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of

life.”

5. Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites：

1 a good command of the source language,

2 a good command of the target language,

3 a wide range and scope of knowledge,

4 a high political consciousness,

5 a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.

6. To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness

and smoothness, or even only one word：faithfulness. (what do you think should be the criteria of translation？) （faithfulness 更重要）

“宁顺而不信。”“宁信而不顺”

“it is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one.”“rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language)

“保持着原作丰姿”

“keep the full flavor of the original work.”

直译与意译

Literal translation and liberal (free) translation

二大写，标点符号与英汉互译

大写规则

1.历史上的时间，时期和文件。

2.商品的牌子名称

3.星期名、月份、假日

4.人名和地名

5.标题与书名等专名中的实词与两个音节及其以上的虚词。如《儒林外史》The

Scholars

6.圣经中关于上帝的名词与代词

7.职称、头衔和亲属关系称呼用在人名前头时

8.机关、学校、建筑物和商业机构的名称，其中英译中的实词。如：教育部Ministry

of Education

9.种族、国籍、语言和宗教方面的词语。

10.其他一切有特殊含义的词语，包括一句话或一封信的开头词、诗行的开头词、

直接引语的开头词、强调词语等。

几种标点符号的例句及其英译：

1.认识落后，才能去改变落后；学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。

Backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed.A person must learn from the advanced before he can catch up and surpass them. （分号变句号）