必修三Unit1知识点

Unit 1 1. mean的用法 1）mean to do意欲做 e.g. I didn’t mean to hurt you. 2）mean doing意味着 e.g. Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 3) be meant for 适合做 e.g. He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school. means 方式，方法，途径 by all means 当然可以，没问题 by no means 绝不 by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法 练习：他说他不适合读书因为懒。He says he _______a student for his laziness. 这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failing this exam _______________another one. 我并不是故意迟到的。 I didn’t ____________ be late for school. 2. celebrate vt. & vi. (1) 庆祝；祝贺 celebrate Christmas / one’s birthday / a victory (成功) (2) 赞扬；称颂 e.g. The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate celebrate表示“庆祝”后常接日期,事情或场合，表示“赞扬”时，宾语可以是人，也可是物。 congratulate后常接人，表示向某人祝贺congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth. congratulations (to sb) on sth/ doing sth. 3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态，主语为所发生的事。 词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较 1) take place“发生,举行” 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思 e.g. Great changes have taken place in China in the past 10 years. 2) happen “发生”常指具体客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生。happen还可以表示“碰巧发生了什么事” 常构成sb/sth. happens to do或It happens that… e.g. It happened to rain that day. The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday. 3）occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。 e.g. A good idea occurred to me. 4）break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发 e.g. The Second World War broke out in 1939. 5）come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近 e.g. How does it come about that you were caught by the police? 练习：用take place , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空 1. The May 4th Movement _____________ in 1919. 2. If anything ___________ to the machine, let me know at once. 3. The opening day of the play ___________ tomorrow night. 4. Can you tell me how it ___________? 4. starve: vt.使饿死 vi.饿得要死starve to death be starved of/ starve for: 渴望 n. starvation饿死：die of starvation

e.g. The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 练习：他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。They got lost in the desert and _______________. 他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。They are ___a sum of money to finish their work. 5. honor 1) n. 光荣，荣誉；光荣的人或事情 e.g. They fight for the honor of the country. Liu Xiang is an honor to our country. 2) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v） e.g. Children should honor their parents. 3) in honor of 为了纪念 do sb. honor/ do honor to sb. 向某人致敬 on one’s honor 以人格担保 have the honor of doing/ to do sth. 有幸做… 6. satisfy vt. / vi. 使满意，使满足 e.g. Nothing can satisfy him except the best. Some people are really hard to satisfy. sb. be satisfied with 对…满意 e.g. She’s not satisfied with her new house. 令人满意的: satisfying, satisfactory 满意：satisfaction 7. harm n./v. 损害；伤害

do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sb 反： do sb good e.g. He meant no harm to you. The events has harmed the relations between the two countries. 8. in memory of 为纪念 e.g. The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist. in praise of 歌颂 in charge of 负责；掌管 in search of 寻找 in favor of 支持 in celebration of 庆祝 in support of 支持 in place of 代替 in case of 如果；万一 9. They offer food, flowers and gift…. 词语辨析：offer, provide, supply offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb/ offer sb sth provide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。 provide sth (for sb)/ provide sb with sth. supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth 练习：When I meet difficulty, my roommates will _____me help. They _______a reward for the return of the lost jewels. The government need to _________these old people with food and clothes. Electricity should be _________enough every month. 10. dress up 盛装打扮；装扮，装饰 e.g. You don’t have to dress up. Come as you are. Children love dressing up in Halloween. dress vt. 给…穿衣 dress oneself/ sb. 给自己/某人穿衣 表示动作 be dressed in… 表示状态 11.play a trick on sb.= play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人；开某人的玩笑 相近短语：make fun of 取笑，捉弄 laugh at 嘲笑 make a fool of愚弄 play a joke with= joke with和某人开玩笑 trick vt. trick sb into sth./ doing sth. 诱使某人干某事 trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物 12 award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金 e.g. She showed us the awards she had won.

vt. 授予; 判定 award sb sth= award sth to sb e.g. The judges awarded both teams equal points. award “奖，奖品，奖金”, 侧重经过正式裁定而得到的 prize “奖， 奖金”, 指在比赛中获胜或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励 reward 回报,报酬 13. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕 admire sb/sth (for …) 为某事钦佩某人 e.g. I admire him for his success in business. admiration n. admirable adj. 14. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待 e.g. I’m looking forward to his coming. 以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是do pay attention to 注意 devote…to 致力于prefer to 更加喜欢 get down to 开始做 be used to 习惯于 15. as though= as if 好像，仿佛 （其引导的从句中的谓语动词即可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气） 1)虚拟语气（其谓语若与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，be动词用were；若与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时） e.g. He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened. He talks as if/though he knew everything. 2). 陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气） e.g. It looks as if/ though it is going to rain. He waved to me as if to tell me something. 16. custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指个人生活习惯。customs关税 practice 习俗，惯例; 与custom近义，但含贬义。 make a practice of …惯常做某事。 habit 个人生活习惯，后接of doing, 不可接不定式。 break a custom 打破习俗 follow/keep up a custom 遵从、遵守习俗 manners and customs 风俗习惯 customs 付关税 pass/go through the customs通关 用custom, practice 和 habit填空 1)I have the _______ of getting up early. 2)It is the ________ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall. 3)Social ___________ differ from country to country. 4)He makes a _________ of cheating at examinations. 5)We should pay _______ when we import from abroad. 17. permission n. 准许；许可；批准 give permission (for sth./ sb. to do sth.) 准许（某事/某人干某事） without permission 未经许可 with one’s permission 经某人的许可 ask sb. for permission 请求某人准许 give sb. permission to do sth准许某人做某事 permit vt.&vi.允许；准许 n. 许可证；特许证 permit sb. sth/ permit sb to do sth./ permit doing sth 18. turn up 1) appear 出现；到场 他到目前还没有出现。 He __________________so far. 2)调大声音，把...开大点儿