高中英语句子成分分析

句子成分

句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；

主要成分有主语和谓语；

次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语，同位语和插入语。

（一）主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事. 一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）

2.She went out in a hurry.（代词）

3.Four plus four is eight.（数词）

4.To see is to believe.（不定式）

5.Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）

6.The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）

7.What he has said is true. （句子）

练习：指出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

㈡谓语

说明主语的动作、状态和特征

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

He looked after two orphans.

复合谓语：

（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：

Y ou may keep the book for two weeks.

（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：

Do you speak English？They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold.

（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：

We are students.

注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

I don't like the picture on the wall.

The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

Do you usually go to school by bus?

There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

(三)宾语

动作的对象或承受者——一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

1.Show your passport, please. （名词）

2.She didn't say anything. ( 代词）

3.How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)

4.They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)

5.They asked to see my passport. （不定式）

6.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

7.Did you write down what he said? （句子）

宾语种类：

（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）例如：They elected him their monitor.

挑出下列句中的宾语

My brother hasn't done his homework.

People all over the world speak English..

（四）宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：

1. His father named him Dongming.（名词）

2. They painted their boat white.（形容词）

3. Let the fresh air in.（副词）

4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）

5. We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）

6. We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）

7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

（五）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：

1. Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）

2. Is it yours?（代词）

3. The weather has turned cold.（形容词）

4. The speech is exciting.（分词）

5. Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）

6. His job is to teach English.（不定式）

7. His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）

8. The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）

9. Time is up. The class is over.（副词）

10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

（六）定语：

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。

1.He is a clever boy.(形容词)

2.His father works in a steel work.(名词)

3.There are 54students in our class.(数词)

4.Do you known betty’s sister?(名词的所有格)

5.He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)

6.There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)

7.His spoken language is good.(过去分词)