政治学类专业英语词汇
中国政治英语词汇
（第一课）讀中文做口譯中国政体与国策I. 中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中国共产党中央委员会总书记General secretary of the Central Party Committee中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CP中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Party Committee中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC (总后勤部the General Logistics Department) (第二炮兵司令部the Headquarters of the 2nd Artillery Corps) (中国人民警察the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force) (国民自卫队the Militia) 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPCII. 中国人民政治协商会议the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local CommitteesIII. 中华人民共和国中央政府the Central People’s Government of the PRC中华人民共和国主席President of PRC中央政府和地方各级政府the Central government and local governments at different levels直辖市Municipality 省会Provincial Capital 自治区Autonomous Region国家机构State Structure（1）全国人民代表大会the National People’s Congress (NPC)全国人大代表deputy to the NPC 全国人大代表团delegation of the NPC全国人大常务委员会委员长Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee全国人大主席团the NPC Presidium九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress人大代表资格审查委员会Deputy Credential Examination Committee人大秘书长Secretary-general of the NPC地方人民代表大会Local People’s Congress（2）国务院the State Council 国务院总理the Premier of the State Council 国务院副总理the Vice-Premier of the State Council国务委员the State Councilor 国务院部长the Minister中国银行行长Governor of the People’s Bank of Chi na审计署署长Auditor-General of the National Audit Office国务院所属机构（Ministries，Commissions，administrations and offices under the State Council）1. 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defense公安部Ministry of Public Security 安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice 财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel 水利部Ministry of Water Resources卫生部Ministry of Health 商务部Ministry of Commerce劳动保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry2. 人口计生委State Population and Family Planning Commission发展改革委State Development and Reform Commission国防科工委State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国家民委State Ethnic Affairs Commission国资委Commission of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration银监会China Banking Regulatory Commission证监会China Securities Regulatory Commission保监会China Insurance Regulatory Commission电监会State Electricity Regulatory Commission3. 海关总局General Administration of Customs税务总局State Administration of Taxation工商总局State Administration for Industry and Commerce质检总局General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine环保总局State Environmental Protection Administration民航总局General Administration of Civil Aviation广电总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television安全监管总局State Administration of Work Safety食品药品监管局State Food and Drug Administration国管局Government Offices Administration of the State Council烟草局State Tobacco Monopoly Administration外专局State Administration of Foreign Experts Affair保密局National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets统计局National Bureau of Statistics林业局State Forestry Administration旅游局National Tourism Administration知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office地震局China Earthquake Administration气象局China Meteorological Administration信访局State Bureau for Letters and Calls粮食局State Administration of Grain海洋局State Oceanic Administration测绘局State Bureau of Surveying & Mapping档案局State Archives Administration外汇局State Administration of Foreign Exchange新闻出版总署(版权局) General administration of Press and Publication(National Copyright Administration)4. 侨办Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 国研室Research Office港澳办Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 新闻办Information Office法制办Legislative Affairs Office 台办Taiwan Affairs Office 社保基金会National Council for Social Security Fund自然科学基金会National Natural Science Foundation(3) a. 最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court(SPC)最高人民法院院长the President of the SPC审判长the presiding judge审判委员会the Trial Committee 审判机关the Trial Organ第一刑事法庭the First Criminal Court 民事法庭the Civil Courtb.最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院检察长the Procurator-general of the SPP最高人民检察院副检察长the Deputy Procurator-general(4)香港特别行政区政府Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region澳门特别行政区政府Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region(5).民主党派Democratic Party中国国民党革命委员会（民革）Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic League中国民主建国会（民建）China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会（民进）China Association Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang 九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）Taiwan Democratic self-government二．口译政治用语和国策宪法Constitution 国旗National flag: Red flag with five stars国徽National emblem: Tiananmen Gate-tower under five stars, encircled by ears of grain and with a gear wheel below国歌National anthem: March of the V olunteers 党章Party Constitution1. 党的三代中央领导集体创建了毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想，从而在民族独立和人民解放的基础上为中华民族的伟大复兴开启了建设有中国特色的社会主义的伟大事业。
2020考研英语专业类高频词汇：政治与法律类
【导语】当你真正想完成⼀件事时，根本不会在意别⼈是否看到。
备考漫漫长路，和你⼀起默默地⾛下去。
以下是2020考研英语专业类⾼频词汇，⼀起来看看吧！篇⼀ accusation控告 acquit宣判⽆罪 amend修正 amnesty特赦 appeal上诉 apprehend拘押，逮捕 arbitration仲裁，调停 armed conflicts武装冲突 attorney律师 authorize授权 autonomous⾃治的 bilateral talks双边会淡 civil law民法 code法规，法典 confinement关押，禁闭 congressman国会议员 conspiracy阴谋 constitution宪法 consul领事 convict宣判有罪 court法院 court of appeal中级法院 custody拘留 criminal law刑法 decree法令 defendant被告 defender辩护⼈ defuse缓合，平息 despot*者 disarmament解除武装 enforce实施，使⽣效篇⼆ established international practice国际惯例 federal government联邦政府 hierarchy等级制度 humanitarian aid⼈道主义援助 illicit⾮法的 indemnity赔偿 institution制度 intellectual property.right知识产权 interim government过渡政府 joint declaration联合声明 judicial司法的 judiciary司法部 jury陪审团 lawsuit诉讼 legal liability法律义务 legislation⽴法 legislative⽴法的 legislature⽴法机构篇三 legitimate合法的 litigant诉讼当事⼈ litigation诉讼 municipal市政的 offense犯罪 parliament议会 pending未决的 petition请愿 plaintiff(民事)原告 plead申诉，辩护 probation缓刑.察看 public prosecutor检查官 reconciliation和解 repatriate遣返 Representative众议院议员 ruling(法官等)裁定 secretary部长 senate参议院 senator参议员 sovereignty主权 statute成⽂法 stipulation条⽂，规定 subpoena传票 suit起诉 suitor(刑事)原告 summit meeting⾸脑会议峰会 terrorist attack恐怖袭击 terrorist organizations恐怖组织 The Capitol国会⼤厦 the House of Representative下议院 The Pentagon国防⼤楼 the Senate上议院 undersecretary次长 usurpation篡夺 verdict(陪审团)裁定 violation违犯。
政治英语词汇
政治英语词汇时政热点词汇“机构改革”（reform of the organizational structure）“三讲”（three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)）、“三个代表”（three represents theory）、“减轻农民负担”（alleviate farmer’s burden）、“理顺关系”（rationalize the relationship）等，既反映了当今的大政方针、国情民意，与人民大众的日常生活和工作息息相关。
改革是一项前所未有的伟大事业，必须“解放思想”（emancipate our minds）、“打破禁区”（break off a forbidden zone）、“转换脑筋”（change ideas）、坚持正确的“舆论导向”（direction of public opinion）、“抓住机遇”（seize the opportunity）、破除“旧观念”（old perceptions）、废除干部“职务终身制”（life-long tenure）和“论资排辈”（to assign priority according to seniority）等框框，并实行“公务员制度”（civil service）、“竞聘上岗”(compete for the post)。
据调查，我国市民所关注的国内热点问题排在前两位的“失业下岗”(laid-off )和“廉政建设”(clean government building)。
因此打击“权钱交易”(trade power for money)、“以权谋私”(abuse of power for personal gains)，并加大“扫黑”（to sweep away the "black" i.e., secret societies）“反贪”(anti-embezzlement)的力度，“从严治党”(run the Party strictly)、“治乱减负”(comprehensive improvement and lightening the burden)，将始终是老百姓密切关注的社会焦点。
高中英语经济政治法律类词汇总结
法律类型词汇:accusation控告acquit宣判无罪amend修正amnesty特赦appeal上诉apprehend拘押,逮捕arbitration仲裁,调停armed conflicts武装冲突attorney律师authorize授权autonomous自治的bilateral talks双边会淡civil law民法code法规,法典confinement关押,禁闭congressman国会议员conspiracy阴谋constitution宪法consul领事convict宣判有罪court法院court of appeal中级法院custody拘留criminal law刑法decree法令defendant被告defender辩护人defuse缓合,平息despot独裁者disarmament解除武装enforce实施,使生效established international practice国际惯例federal government联邦政府hierarchy等级制度humanitarian aid人道主义援助parliament 国会,议会House of Commons 下议院parliamentary debates 议会辩论self-evident principle 不言自明的法则verdict 陪审团的判决arbiter 仲裁者validity 有效性,合法性period terminate 截止日期suspension 中止,悬而未决in-house counsel 内部法律顾问citizenry 公民,国民basic right 基本权利privilege 特权higher up 上级,大人物elitism 杰出人物统治论,精英论bureaucratic 官僚主义的self-governing 自治的,自我管理的espionage 间谍活动spymaster 间谍组织首脑CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)美国中央情报局accusation 控告acquit 宣判无罪amend 修正amnesty 特赦appeal 上诉apprehend 拘押,逮捕arbitration 仲裁,调停armed conflicts 武装冲突attorney 律师authorize 授权autonomous 自治的bilateral talks 双边会淡civil law 民法code 法规,法典confinement 关押,禁闭congressman 国会议员conspiracy 阴谋constitution 宪法consul 领事convict 宣判有罪court 法院court of appeal 中级法院custody 拘留criminal law 刑法decree 法令defendant 被告defender 辩护人defuse 缓合,平息despot 独裁者disarmament 解除武装enforce 实施,使生效established international practice 国际惯例federal government 联邦政府hierarchy 等级制度humanitarian aid 人道主义援助illicit 非法的indemnity 赔偿institution 制度intellectual property.right 知识产权interim government 过渡政府joint declaration 联合声明judicial 司法的judiciary 司法部jury 陪审团lawsuit 诉讼legal liability 法律义务legislation 立法legislative 立法的legislature 立法机构legitimate 合法的litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼municipal 市政的offense 犯罪parliament 议会pending 未决的petition 请愿plaintiff(民事)原告plead 申诉,辩护probation 缓刑.察看public prosecutor 检查官reconciliation 和解repatriate 遣返Representative 众议院议员ruling(法官等)裁定secretary 部长senate 参议院senator 参议员sovereignty 主权statute 成文法stipulation 条文,规定subpoena 传票suit 起诉suitor(刑事)原告summit meeting 首脑会议峰会terrorist attack 恐怖袭击terrorist organizations 恐怖组织The Capitol 国会大厦the House of Representative 下议院The Pentagon 国防大楼the Senate 上议院undersecretary 次长usurpation 篡夺verdict(陪审团)裁定violation 违犯立法会议legislative sessions行政处罚administrative penalty司法部门enforcement apartment侵犯个人隐私invasion of privacy修改宪法revise the constitution假账deceptive accounting漏税tax evasion刑事诉讼criminal proceeding行贿和受贿take and offer bribes要求索赔claim compensation目无法规defy the law and social disciplines法律监督function as a legal supervisor扰乱治安disturb the social order建立奖励和制约机制establish a incentive and disincentive system物质和精神文明建设material and ideological progress精简机构streamline government organs集思广益pool ones wisdom扩大内需expand the domestic demand经济类词汇总结之一:account: n 账目,账户,报告,记录（僻义n 叙述,说明）accountant:n 会计同义词:relate n 叙述,说明）v 说明,解释,account for占据,成为accountant:会计反义词:auditor:n审计员,旁听生Audit:v审计accumulate:v 积累,堆积: accumulate wealth: 积累财富acquisition:n 收购；mergers and acquisitions\M&A 兼并与联合monopoly:垄断business concentrationaffiliate: v 附属于,n 附属公司,子公司be affiliated to :隶属于,受..的支配Segregate:aggregate:CongregateComprehend v理解Apprehend:v理解=concern担忧v 使聚集,使积累；总计（记忆:ag=ac 使,greg=走,ate=动词后缀,走到一起）同义词:congregate使集合,聚集；其反义词segregate:se分开:使分离assess:v 评价,估计n assessment评价Estimate value rate weigh ponder calculate appraise evaluate bankrupt: a 破产的；v 破产；bankruptcy n 破产,倒闭barrier:n 障碍,屏蔽；trade and investment barriers:贸易和投资壁垒mass medium:大众媒介owned medium 自有媒介sold mediumearned mediumhijacked mediumboycott:n\v抵制boycott product:抵制产品commerce:n 商业,贸易；domestic:adj 家庭的,国内的domestic violence:家暴domestic commerce 国内贸易；domestic market:国内市场mass market:大众市场e-commerce:电子商务consolidate:vt 巩固,加强；合并,联合；consolidation:n巩固,联合contract:n 合同,契约；v 订合同,收缩,传染bond:n 合同,债券Government Bond:国债deposit:n 押金；存款withdraw:v 取钱,撤销,撤退domestic:a 国内的drastic: a 严厉的economies:n 国家；emerging economies:发展中国家；impoverished economies:发展中国家rich economies:发达国家estimate:n\v 估计,估价；underestimate:v低估；overestimate:v高估expand:v 扩大,扩张；expansion:n 扩大,扩展；expansive:a 易扩张的exploit:v 剥削；利用,开发；exploit solar energy 利用太阳能energy consumption:耗力time consumption:费时money consumption:费钱energy-intensive:能源密集型labor-intensive:劳动密集型经济类词汇总结之二economic decline:经济衰退,经济下滑；Slowing economy:缓慢的经济softening economy:疲软的经济slackening economy:疲软的经济depression:大萧条stagnant:adj 停滞的supply-cut:切断供应oil shock:石油动荡digit:n 数位（比如12就是double-digit 两个数位）inflation:通货膨胀deflation:通货紧缩push up:价格上涨suspend:v 悬挂；中止（词根记忆:pend:悬,挂,称重,支付）；suspension:n 中止,暂停词根记忆:pend:悬,挂,支付expenditure:ex向外+pend支出+iture 名词后缀n.1.经费,支出retail price:零售价格；whole sale:批发价格sold out:售罄on sale:打折discount:打折,折扣swing:n 摇摆,秋千；v 价格浮动fluctuate:v 价格的波动consumption:消耗量（energy consumption,money consumption,time consumption）inflation:n 通货膨胀；deflation:n 通货紧缩price index:价格指数energy-intensive:能源密集型energy conservation:能源保护commodity price index:物价severe:adj 严重的gross:adj 总的,毛重量n 总额；GDP:gross domestic product:国内生产总值invest:v 投资（invest in real estate:投资房地产）；asset:资产tangible asset:有形资产intangible asset:无形资产liquid asset: 流动资产illiquid \fixed asset:固定资产investment:n 投资；investor:投资者monopoly:n垄断；专营服务anti—monopoly:反垄断；monopoly price:垄断价格；gain\hold\ secure a monopoly:获得\持有\得到专利权；monopolize:v独占,垄断单词记忆:mono=一个,mono+logue（说）=一个人说话,独白；mono+cycle（轮子）=独轮车mono+arch（管理）=君主,帝王mono+oxide氧化物=一氧化碳经济类词汇总结之三monetary policy: 货币政策central banker:中央银行poll:n 民意调查；v 选票slack:v 懈怠；经济萧条capacity utilization:生产利用率incentive:n 刺激,鼓励,激励(act as\create\provide incentive 成为\产生\提供动力）outcome: n 结果是,结果,成果（the outcome of competition is survival of the fittest:竞争的结果是优胜劣汰）A desirable\favorable\an inevitable outcome:称心的\有利的\不可避免的结果plunge:n\v 猛跌（股票的猛跌）；跳进；投入（A plunge into debt: 背债）slump:n\v 暴跌,下降prompt: v 促使,推动,激起 a 敏捷的,迅速的proportion:n 部分,份儿；比例；均衡（in proportion to 与...成比例；out of proportion 不成比例）；a large proportion of 相当多quantify:v 定量,量化random:a 任意的,随机的；n 随机,随意；at random:任意地,随机地rebound:n\v 反弹；economic rebound:经济反弹restrict:v 限制,约束triple:n 三倍（tri: 前缀,三）；tricycle:三轮车quadruple:四倍（quadru:前缀,四）underway:a 在进行中recovery:n恢复；economic recovery:经济复苏revival:n 复苏；economic revival:经济复苏经济类词汇总结之四administer:v 管理,治理；执行,实施；administration:n 管理,精英analyze: v 分析,研究appraise:v 评定,鉴定,评价；appraisal:n 评价,估计:assets appraisal:资产评估appropriate:a 适当的,恰当的；v挪用,盗用；appropriate public money:挪用公款inappropriate:a 不适当的；appropriation:n 挪用,盗用；拨款array:n 大堆,大量；an array of facts\information: 一连串的事实\信息bond:n 结合（物）,连接；债券,契约；Government Bond 国债breach:n 破坏,违反:penalty for breach of contract:违约金\ breach of promise\peace 毁约,食言\扰乱治安；v破坏,违反:breach an agreement 违反约定circulate:v使循环,使流通；circulating capital:流动资本；circulation:n 循环；流通commonwealth:n 政治实体,联邦:commonwealth of Independence State(CIS) 独立国家联合体confidential:a 机密的,秘密的:confidential information\files 机密情报\文件crisis:n 危机,危急关头:economic\financial crisis 经济\财政危机；crisis of belief:信仰危机；come to\reach a crisis 陷入危机；in crisis 在危机中defence:n 防御,保护；辩护,答辩Department of Defense 国防部dispose:v处理；处置；dispose of 处理；处置；disposal:n 处理,处置；disposable a 用完即可丢弃的,一次性的impetus:n 推动力,促进；great\considerable\powerful impetus:大力推动；add\give\provide impetus to 给予、提供推动index:n 索引:alphabetical index:字母索引；指标,指数,标志:CPI(Consumer Price Index) 消费者物价指数；stock index:股票指数manipulate:v 操纵,控制,影响；熟练地使用；manipulation:n 操作,操纵manufacture:n 制造,制造业；v 制造,加工merge:v 使结合,合并；merger n 合并,归并mortgage:n 按揭,抵押贷款（单词记忆:mort死+gage抵押品=按揭,抵押）precede:v 在...之前,先于（单词记忆:pre在...之前+cede走:走在...之前）；preceding:a 在先的,前面的；precedent:n 先例,范例,惯例经济类词汇总结之五propel:v推进,推动,激励；propeller:n 推进器,螺旋桨prosper:v 繁荣,兴旺,成功；prosperous:a 繁荣的,兴旺的；prosperity:n 富足,兴旺；Common prosperity:共同富裕quantitative:a 数量的,定量的；quantitative analysis:定量分析reciprocal:a 相互的,互惠的resultant:a 作为结果的,因而发生的smuggle:v 走私,偷运；smuggler: n 走私者；smuggling:n 走私活动wholesale:n 批发；the wholesale trade: 批发业；wholesale prices 批发价格yield:n 产量,收获v 屈服,服从；yield to 屈服于...听从allocate:v 分配,分派；housing allocation:住房分配assemble:v 集合,集会；组装,装配benefit:n 利益,好处；v 有益于,使收益；for the benefit of 为了...的利益；be of great benefit to 对...大有裨益commodity:n 商品,物品；fake or inferior quality commodity 假冒伪劣商品；commodity economy:商品经济deficient:a 缺陷的,缺乏的,不足的；deficient funds:租金短缺；deficient supplies:缺乏供应dividend:n 姑息,红利endorse:v 背书；赞同,认可；endorsement : n 赞同,支持expense:n 花费,消费,费用；income and expense:收支；living expense:生活费用at the expense of...以...为代价generate:v 产生,发生impose:v 把..强加于:do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire:己所不欲勿施于人；征税；impose a fine\tax\restrictions on sb\sth:罚款\征税|强行管制；impose sth on sb 把..强加于inherit:v 继承；inherit sth from sb:从某人那里继承|遗传得到的levy:n 征税,税款:import levy 进口税收v 征收税等:levy taxes on incomes 征收所得税经济类词汇总结之5Monetary:a 货币的,金融的:International Monetary Fund: （IMF）国际货币基金组织；monetary policy:货币政策Offset:n\v 补偿,抵消Quota:n 定量,定额,配额:import and export quota system:进出口配额制度Recession:n 经济衰退；an industrial recession:工业衰退Subsidiary:a 辅助的,附带的；n 子公司Tariff:n关税,税率；lower\raise the tariff on imported cars 降低\提高进口汽车的关税Tumble:n 暴跌Withdraw:v 缩回,退出；收回,撤销:withdraw one’s promise\proposal:收回诺言\撤销提议V 提取:withdraw money from an ATM:从ATM机上取钱Advance:n 前进,进步v 推进Bid:n 命令,吩咐；报价,投标；出价:invite for a bid:投标Blackmail:n|v 敲诈,勒索Boom:n 兴旺,迅速发展:there is a boom in.. ..迅速发展Brand:n 商品,品牌,标记Bubble:n 泡沫,虚假,骗局:bubble economy:泡沫经济Capital:n 资金,资本；capitalism:n 资本主义；capitalist:n 资本家Circular:a 圆形的,循环的；circular economy:循环经济Column:n 栏；（报刊）专栏:the financial column:财经专栏curb:v\n 控制,约束:curb housing prices:控制房价；curbing pollution:控制污染Deficit:n 赤字,逆差Surplus:a 过剩的,多余的,盈余的经济类词汇总结之六estate:n 地产,房地产:real estate:房地产gamble:n\v 赌博；投机,冒风险inflation:n 通货膨胀:control\check inflation 控制通货膨胀deflation:n 通货紧缩infrastructure:n 基础结构,基础设施（infra-在...下,低+structure:结构,组织）revenue:n （财政）收入,税收:Internal Revenue Commission 国税局revive:v 使复活,复苏（单词记忆:、re 再一次+vive生命）:revive economy\old customs\trends: 复兴经济\再兴旧习惯\重现某趋势；revival:n 复兴:economy revival:经济复苏sanction:v 批准,许可；n 批准,认可:official sanction:正式批准；约束,出发；制裁: economic sanctions:经济制裁；impose\lift sanctions against:实行\取消对...的制裁segment:n 部分,片,段soar:v 高飞,飞翔；物价飞涨,猛增stake:n 利害关系,风险；赌注:be at stake: 利害攸关,在危险中；play for high stakes: 下大赌注赌钱standstill:n 停止,停顿:be at\come to\bring sth to a standstill:处于停顿状态statistics:n 统计学；统计；statistical:统计的stock:v 储存；n 备料,库存,现货；股票,公债:stock exchange:证券交易所\\joint stock company:股份公司tangible:a 有形的,实际的,确实的:tangible advantages\proof\assets:实际的优势\确凿的证据\有形资产intangible:a 抽摸不到的,无形的；intangible assets:无形资产transact:v 做交易,办理；transaction:n 交易,业务widespread:a 分布广泛的,普遍的。
常用政治术语的英文翻译
常用政治术语的英文翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation 人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际****主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中国共产党党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science 考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering Control交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean 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英语专业政治经济翻译高频词汇
爱心工程Loving Care ProjectSecurity Council安理会安全第一，预防为主按揭购房safety first, precaution crucial buy a house on mortgage grasp the overall situation hegemonism把握大局霸权主义白金汉宫保障措施报销Buckingham Palace supporting measuresapply for reimbursementbe bound to come truesmall profit, large sale volume purchasing mission必将实现薄利多销采购团采取各种措施彩票adopt various measures lottery ticket产品科技含量长江三角洲technological element of a product Yangtze River Deltadraw a conclusion得出结论，告一段落锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army二房东“middlemen”landlord 二手房second-hand houserisk investment风险投资服务行业根除腐败回顾奋斗历程catering industryroot out corruptionreview the course of struggle加快市场步伐假冒伪劣产品减负quicken the pace of marketization counterfeit and shoddy products alleviate burdens on sb.建立巩固国防建立社会主义制度江南水乡build a strong national defense establish a socialist systemthe south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River解除劳动关系解决温饱问题进入世界先进行列进入新时期sever labor relationssolve the problems of food and clothing edge into the advanced ranks in the world enter a new period可持续发展sustainable developmentdevelop rapidly快速发展扩大内需expand domestic demandgather ceremoniously隆重聚会履行权利和义务迈出重要一步热爱和平perform the responsibilities and obligations make an important steplove peace日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous实现民族独立实现夙愿实行新政策市场疲软脱贫realize national independence fulfill the long-cherished wishes practice new policiessluggish marketcast off poverty温室效应greenhouse effect吸收各国文明先进成果响应号召absorb what is advanced in other civilizations respond to the call与日俱增increase every day增强综合国力增强国际竞争力展望伟大征程enhance comprehensive national strength enhance international competitiveness look into the great journey展现生机和活力追求进步追求真理致富display the vigor and vitality pursue progressseek the truthset out on a road to prosperity。
专四专八常用政治术语的英文翻译
专四专八常用政治术语的英文翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、*****“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” importan t Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese char acteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Comm ittee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Cen tral Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力s trengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying p ower and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
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政治学类专业英语词汇！一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights 人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate 代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system 司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党CommunistParties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion 自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group 言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion 审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political actioncommittee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy 重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid 顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism 独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress 美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Primeminister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of theconstitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police 倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department 部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers 联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government 博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam 最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties 整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism警察Police警察国家Police staterequest the consent of ...征求…的同意Information service新闻处diplomat外交官diplomatic rank外交官衔diplomatic representative外交代表ambassador大使ambassador-at-large巡回大使special envoy特使counselor参赞consul-general总领事consul领事charge d'affaires代办attache随员commercial attache商务专员cultural attache文化专员military attache武官foreign affairs外交事务diplomatic practice外交惯例diplomatic immunities外交豁免diplomatic privileges外交特权diplomatic channels外交途径diplomatic courier外交信使diplomatic bag外交邮袋diplomatic pouch外交邮袋letter of credence/credentials 国书communique公报announcement公告announcement通告letter of introduction介绍书National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会Standing committee常务委员会National Committee全国委员会Chairman委员长Vice Chairpersons副委员长State Council国务院Premier总理Vice Premier副总理State Councillors国务委员Central Committee中央委员会State President国家主席Chairman主席Vice Chairman副主席General Secretary总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court最高人民法院Ministry of Finance财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education教育部Ministry of Personnel人事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement声明mutual recognition互相承认de jure recognition法律承认de facto recognition事实上承认identification card身份证Ministry of Justice司法部Propaganda Department宣传部People's organization人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Consulate-general总领事馆Consulate领事馆Liaison office联络处Military attache's office武官处certificate of appointment委任证书exequatur许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret表示遗憾object to提出异议take up a matter with 向…交涉lodge a protest with向…提出抗议verbal note普通照会circular note通知照会normalization正常化present one's credentials递交国书exchange ambassadors互派大使persona grata受欢迎的人during one's absence离任期间declaration/manifesto宣言letter of recall召回公文note(外交)照会formal note正式照会establish consular relations 建立领事关系assume one's post就任resume diplomatic relations恢复外交关系中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees《中国政党Chinese Parties》中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang 中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic SelfGovernment League。