主旨大意题的解题技巧
英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧
英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧一、考查方向这种综合概括类题目的一般范闱是：根本论点、文章标题、主题和段落大意，主要是测试考生阅读理解的根本能力，考查学生在语言水平上对文章的整体把握：能否分辨主题与细节：能否具有综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力。
这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：(―)中心思想类1.The main idea / general idea of the passage is。
2.The text is mainly about。
3.This passage mainly tells us。
4.What is the topic of the text？5.What does the first / second / last paragraph discuss？6.The passage (The third paragraph) deals with。
7.Which of the following best summarizes the passage？(二)标题类1.The best title / headline for the passage would be。
2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？3.What is the best title for the passage？(三)写作意图类1.What is the purpose of the passage？2.The passage is trying to。
3.The author writes this passage in order to。
4.Tlie purpose of the passage is to。
5.The passage is written for。
二、中心思想与标题之间的差异A title is an identifying name given to a book， film， play， composition or other work。
阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
常见的题干形式如下：
•●大意类：
• What is the passage mainly about?
• What’s the main idea of this passage?
• The main idea of the passage is ...
●标题类：
• What's the best title for the passage?
2
针对讲解
B
Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip
②MMagaeglelllaann’wassvofyraogme Pwoarstuthgeal, but he sailed for the King of Spafiirns.t trOipn aSreoputnedmbtheer w2o0r,ld1.519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they
reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one
专题 阅读理解主旨大意题---2023年高考英语二轮复习专题
recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
阅读理解中主旨大意题解题技巧
在高考英语阅读理解中，主旨大意题是必考的阅读题型之一。
主旨大意题包括概括文章大意、给文章选择适合的标题、指出作者的写作目的等。
本文结合近五年广东高考英语试题来谈一谈这类试题的一些特点及解题技巧。
一、五年考情二、命题方式主旨大意题的类型与提问方式：1. 概括文章中心思想或段落大意的题干。
What is the passage mainly about? （2008年第49题）2. 考查作者的写作目的和意图的题干。
The purpose of the passage is ________. （2007、2008年第45题）The passage is intended to ________. （2009年第45题）What is the main purpose of the passage? （2011年第45题）3. 选择标题的题干。
Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? （2007年第50题）Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （2010年第50题、2011年第30题）三、错误选项的特点1. 无中生有或断章取义。
即在短文中没有提到或有的选项中的某些词语取自文章中，但经过推敲之后你会发现这类选项的内容与文章的内容不相符合。
（见例1）2. 以偏概全。
有些选项只阐述了文章的部分内容，这往往会让学生在选择答案时举棋不定。
[例1]（2011年广东） In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily...Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient (I)put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.No more angry shouts and no more horns!When I put on my flashlights, ... But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’tfeel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would bebetter if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. A Wheelchair ExperienceB. Weakness and KindnessC. Weakness and StrengthD. A Driving Experience选项A和C是似是而非。
英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧
英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解主要考查考生能够在单位时间内快速阅读英语短文，了解短文的主题思想，对文中信息进行分析、推理、判断，并把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序和逻辑关系，理解作者的意图、态度以及文章寓意的能力。
综观历年阅读理解题的设问，我们可以看出：试题设问手法灵活、提问深入，而且语篇意识进一步加强了；不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求学生理解文章的内在含义。
阅读理解的考查题型主要有六大类：细节理解题，推理判断题，主旨大意题，词义猜测题，判断作者意图、态度、观点题和判断文章的基本结构题。
其中，主旨大意题型旨在考察考生通过快速阅读获取语篇的中心思想的能力，以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。
要求考生运用逻辑概括能力，从文章的字里行间获取文章中的代表性观点和中心论点。
主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。
高考阅读理解主旨大意题型的命题形式主要有：1. The main topic/subject of the passge is _____.2. What is mainly discussed in the text/X paragraph？3. What is the main idea of the passage？4. The purpose of this passage is _____.5. The passage mainly focused on _____.6. What would be the best title/topic/headline of the text？ 上述命题形式大致可以概括为三类：选择段落或文章的主题思想、写作目的和标题。
下面结合高考实例来分析主旨大意题的解题技巧。
一、文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法众所周知，文章是由段落组成，每个段落都是围绕某个中心思想展开的一群句子的组合，而段落的中心思想又是为文章主旨服务的。
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
阅读理解“主旨大意题”解题技巧高境一中 王小红 2005.32005 高考英语上海卷“阅读部分”考核目标：能理解文章的基本内容； 能归纳文章的主旨大意； 能推测文章中的隐含意思； 能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子； 能运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。
分析阅读理解命题趋势生疏短语增多，句子结构复杂。
组篇方式新颖，深层理解要求较高。
命题方式灵活多样，整体理解和推断题增加。
2005 年高考英语上海卷新增新题型“标题配对” 。
分析趋势，掌握技巧，赢取高分 从以上两点可以看出，现在的阅读题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。
为了增加阅读理 解题的区分度，考查学生的综合理解能力，拉开差距，近年高考阅读题中概括主旨题和推断 题明显增加。
若要获得高分，关键在于能否正确回答此类能力题（在此，我们统称为主旨大 意题。
） ＃本讲座分两部分： （一）： 选择题二）：标题配对题（新题型）一） : 选择题.问题类型n .常见提问方式 m .主要答题步骤IV .分析典型例文，掌握答题技巧主题句在开头或结尾 主题句在中间 中心贯穿于全文V .总结主旨大意题选择题答题技巧1．2．3． 4．5． 1．2．3．4．I .主旨大意题题目类型:概括文章大意选出最佳题目（标题）概括人物特点识辨作者语气、态度等推断文章出处推断文章或作者意图推断文章的结局或结论、下文内容等等n .常见提问方式:1. Both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very _________________ .（2000 秋季上海卷 64 题）2. What would most probably happen next? （2001 秋季上海卷 74 题）3. What might be the best title for this passage? （2001 秋季上海卷 81 题）4.ln writing the passage, the author intends to ______________ . （2002 秋季上海卷 77 题）5.lt can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a （an ） __________________ . （ 2002 秋季上 海卷78题）6. The purpose of this article is to ____________ . （2003 秋季上海卷 85 题）7. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage? （ 2003 秋季上海卷89题）8.In advertisement 2, the Traveller enables us to learn ________________ . （2004 秋季上海卷 79 题）9. The passage mainiy focuses on _____________ . （2004 秋季上海卷 85 题）10. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph? （2004 秋季上海卷 89 题）m .主要答题步骤:1. 先看问题，是否有和主旨大意题有关的题目 ，了解题目类别和提问方式。
高考英语阅读主旨大意题解题技巧教师版
高考英语阅读专题之要旨粗心题对于要旨粗心题的高考考试说明每篇文章都会有一个要旨要义。
有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的要旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描绘的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会认识到作者希望读者认识主题方面的哪些容。
有时，作者没有明示文章的要旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和归纳。
一、要旨粗心题的命题形式这种试题包含要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline) 、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea) 、作者的写作目的(purpose 或为传达信息、或为欢乐读者、或为论述某一道理)等。
这种题的设问方式主要有：(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______.(3)The text is mainly about ______.(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best title for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.(18)What is the author's main purpose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、找寻主题句的方法正确的解答这种题目的重点是正确地找出文章的主题句。
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主旨大意题的解题技巧主旨大意题主要考察考生对文章主旨大意的概括和归纳能力。
主要有主题型和标题型两类，题干中一般有main idea, topic, title, mainly about等字眼。
1、快速解题法此类题的阅读文章多属于议论文和说明文，其构造特点常表现为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或说明观点。
考生对这一构造的掌握，有助于迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络，从而快捷而准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。
解答此类题目的关键在于迅速抓住阅读文章的主题句。
考生只要找准了主题句，对于阅读理解中的主旨大意题就迎刃而解了。
主题句的显著特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子构造简单精练；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。
主题句的五种位置：①文首；②文尾；③首尾照应；④文中；⑤没有主题句。
主题句确实定方法：用浏览法〔skimming〕，即只需选读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
2、识别主旨小窍门①段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。
②作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨。
③首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答可能就是文章主旨。
④提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。
3、答题根本步骤①阅读文章开头几句和最后几句，以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。
②浏览文章的其余局部，寻找能支撑和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。
③仔细推敲各个选项，排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项，从而选出最正确答案。
4、推敲正误小窍门①正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
②正确选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
③那些概括全文、容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。
④四个选项中，容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。
⑤干扰项特点：细节信息明显，容片面，以偏概全，只含局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的话，概括围太宽或太窄，或是此选项没有具体的容。
词义猜想题的解题技巧这类题包括词义猜想和句意猜想两类；词义又包括单词和短语意义。
近几年的高考阅读理解题中一般有2至3个小题是直接考察词句意义猜想的。
对词义考察主要有对生词词义的推测和对熟词生义的推测或是在特定场合下对词或句子的理解。
这里着重谈一谈如何猜想词的意思。
1、根据转折关系根据上下句之间表示转折或比照关系的连接词，如but, however, otherwise, though等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差异，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一词的含义。
另外，分号也可以表示转折，比照或不相干的意义。
如：例1：Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. 〔卷〕例2：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. (全国卷) ·What does the underlined word “hassle〞probably mean?A. A party designed by specialistsB. A plan requiring careful thoughtC. A situation causing difficulty or troubleD. A demand made by guests2、根据比照关系表示比照关系的标志词有：unlike, not, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等。
如：例3：If you agree, say “Yes〞; if you dissent, say “No〞.3、根据同类关系同类关系表示意义上的相似关系。
表示同类关系的词和短语有：similarly, like, just as, also 等。
如：例4：Mr Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.4、根据因果关系表示因果关系的词有：because, so that, so / such … that … 等。
如：例5：The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.5、根据同位关系阅读中出现的难词有时后面会紧跟一个同位语对其进展解释或进一步补充说明，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进展猜想。
如：例6：Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. 〔全国卷〕6、根据并列关系当词或短语之间有关列连词and或or〔或者、否那么〕时，其连接的两项容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，推辞其大致意思。
如：例7：In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.例8：And if you’ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may frear that saying no will bring back the kind of counflict you grew up with—or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.·The underline d word “conflict〞in the second letter means .A. dependent lifeB. fierce fightC. had mannersD. painful feeling7、根据比喻关系一般由as…as, like等表示。
如：例9：The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.8、根据定义关系定义句的谓语动词多为be, mean, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as等。
如：例10：Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.9、根据所举实例一般由for example, such as, like等来表示举例。
如：例11：Many United Naitons employees are polyglot. Ms White, for example, speaks six languages.10、根据同义关系根据生词所处语境中的同义词或近义词的意思来推测它的意思。
如：例12：Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.11、根据转换说法插入语that is, that is so say, in other words以及namely, i. e. , or等都可以用来对前面的容进展解释，意为“也就是说〞“即〞。
如：例13：The cinema is only open to adults, i. e. people over 18.12、根据标点符号冒号、破折号、括号等都可表示对前文的解释或说明。
如：例14：Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favoritism will replace equality. 〔卷〕·The word “favoritism〞is used to describe the phenomenon that .A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobsB. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobsC. poor children with certificates are favoured in job marketsD. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success13、根据定语从句由生词后起修饰限制或起补充说明作用的定语从句推测其意思。
如：例15：Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.14、根据逻辑推理根据生词前后的搭配关系和上下文的意思等来推测其意思。
如：例16：Although the fisherman was wearing wou’wester, the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.15、根据单词发音有的英语词汇是通过音译进入汉语词汇中的我们可以根据其读音来理解其意思。
如：aspirin(阿司匹林), nylon(尼龙), Olympic(奥林匹克), sofa(沙龙), typhoon(台风)等。
16、根据生活常识有时根据生活经历和根本常识可以推测出生词的意思。
如：例17：The snake slithered through the grass.17、根据构词方法根据前缀、后缀、合成、转换等构词法来推测生词的意思。
如：例18：After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers. (卷)例19：Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop their full adult potential, their education must be adapted(适应) to those differences.·What does the underlined word “exceptional〞mean in the passage?A. foolishB. unusualC. extremely giftedD. clever18、根据文章语境猜想任何词义都离不开上下文的语境，所以可借助文章语境对需要猜想的词或短语进展符合逻辑的推测。