中山大学英语专业考研真题---2005语言学概论
2005text2考研英语解析
2005text2考研英语解析摘要：1.2005 年考研英语试题概述2.试题分析a.阅读理解b.完形填空c.翻译d.写作3.备考建议正文：【2005 年考研英语试题概述】2005 年的考研英语试题分为四个部分：阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。
这些部分旨在考查考生的语言应用能力、阅读理解能力和写作能力。
通过分析当年的试题，我们可以发现一些特点和趋势，为今后的备考提供参考。
【试题分析】【a.阅读理解】阅读理解部分共有20 道题，考查考生对英语文章的理解能力。
文章题材多样，包括社会、文化、科技等。
解答这类题目，考生需要掌握一定的阅读技巧，如快速浏览、寻找关键词等，以提高答题效率。
【b.完形填空】完形填空部分要求考生根据上下文，从所给选项中选择最佳答案。
这类题目主要考查考生的语言应用能力，包括词汇、语法和逻辑推理等方面。
备考时，考生需要注重积累词汇和语法知识，同时培养逻辑思维能力。
【c.翻译】翻译部分要求考生将中文翻译成英文或英文翻译成中文。
这部分题目旨在考查考生的语言表达能力。
在备考过程中，考生需要注重中英文的转换，尤其是长句和复杂句的翻译。
此外，考生还需要积累一些翻译技巧，如固定搭配、词汇替换等。
【d.写作】写作部分分为小作文和大作文。
小作文主要考查考生的书信写作能力，如感谢信、道歉信等。
大作文则要求考生根据所给话题，进行议论文写作。
在备考过程中，考生需要掌握一定的写作技巧，如段落划分、论证方法等。
同时，考生还需要积累一些写作素材，如名言警句、事例等。
【备考建议】1.注重基础知识，如词汇、语法等。
2.培养阅读和写作技巧，提高答题效率。
3.注重实际应用，进行大量的练习。
4.关注历年真题，了解考试趋势。
5.调整心态，保持良好的学习状态。
通过以上分析，我们可以发现2005 年考研英语试题对考生的语言应用能力、阅读理解能力和写作能力提出了较高的要求。
因此，在备考过程中，考生需要注重基础知识的学习，同时培养阅读和写作技巧。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of7 human smells even when these are8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while2. ［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding ［D］besides3. ［A］limited ［B］committed ［C］dedicated ［D］confined4. ［A］catching ［B］ignoring ［C］missing ［D］tracking5. ［A］anyway ［B］though ［C］instead ［D］therefore6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if7. ［A］distinguishing［B］discovering ［C］determining［D］detecting8. ［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］determining［D］diffused9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for ［D］whereas10. ［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical11. ［A］signs ［B］stimuli ［C］messages ［D］impulses12. ［A］at first ［B］at all ［C］at large ［D］at times13. ［A］subjected ［B］left ［C］drawn ［D］exposed14. ［A］ineffective ［B］incompetent ［C］inefficient［D］insufficient15. ［A］introduce ［B］summon ［C］trigger ［D］create16. ［A］still ［B］also ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless17. ［A］sure ［B］sick ［C］aware ［D］tired18. ［A］tolerate ［B］repel ［C］neglect ［D］notice19. ［A］availabe ［B］reliable［C］identifiable［D］suitable20. ［A］similar to［B］such as ［C］along with ［D］aside from1. ［答案］［C］［分析］这是一道语义辨析题，首先排除选项［A］although，因为although 用作连词一般引导让步状语从句。
(NEW)中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论历年考研真题及详解
目 录2010年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2010年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2011年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2011年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2012年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2012年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2013年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2013年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2014年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2014年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2015年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2015年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2016年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2016年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2010年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1．以下不属于中国“小学”范畴的是（ ）。
A．文字B．音韵C．语法D．训诂2．下列说法正确的是（ ）。
A．词义的模糊性说明词义是具有社会性的。
B．多义词使用不当会产生歧义，如“门没有锁”。
C．“grass”本义是“玻璃”，派生义是“玻璃杯”，这是词义的隐喻扩展。
D．同义词在修辞上具有对比作用，可用来突出对立面。
3．方言形成的语言内部原因是（ ）。
A．语言变化的不平衡性。
B．形式和意义对应关系的复杂性。
C．语言符号的任意性D．语言变化的类推作用4．在[p]、[b]、[v]、[h]、[g]、[k]、[d]、[t]、[s]、[f]中，擦音有（ ）。
A．3个。
2005年英语一考研真题
2005年英语一考研真题2005年的英语一考研真题是考察考生在英语阅读和写作方面的能力。
以下是对真题内容的分析和解答。
阅读理解第一篇阅读理解文章是关于谚语和俚语的，考察考生对于英语语言的了解和运用能力。
文章介绍了谚语和俚语的定义和功能，并列举了一些常见的例子。
谚语和俚语是一门语言的精华，它们能够简洁而生动地传达出丰富的意义和情感。
掌握了谚语和俚语，我们就能更好地理解和运用英语，增强自己的语言表达能力。
第二篇阅读理解文章是关于马克思主义哲学的，考察对于哲学思想和理论的理解和应用能力。
文章介绍了马克思主义哲学的起源和基本原理，阐述了唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义等重要概念。
马克思主义哲学是一种科学的思想武器，它帮助我们理解社会现象和人类历史的发展规律。
掌握了马克思主义哲学，我们就能更好地分析和解决社会问题，提高自己的思维能力和创新意识。
写作写作部分要求考生根据给出的提示，针对一个话题进行写作。
在这个题目中，我们以“环境保护”为例进行讨论。
环境保护是当今社会面临的重要问题之一。
人类的经济发展和生活方式带来了环境问题的同时，也给我们敲响了警钟。
怎样保护环境、改善生态环境已经成为全人类的共同责任。
以下是一些建议和观点供参考。
首先，政府应该出台更加严格的环境保护法律和政策。
在立法和执法方面加大力度，对环境犯罪行为进行打击和处罚。
同时，加强环境监测和治理，确保环境质量的改善。
其次，公众的环保意识需得到进一步的提高。
通过教育宣传和媒体的力量，增强人们的环境保护意识，培养人们爱护环境的习惯和行为。
此外，倡导绿色消费和可持续发展的生活方式，降低对环境的影响。
第三，加强技术创新和产业转型，推动绿色发展。
发展清洁能源和循环经济，减少污染物的排放和资源的浪费。
推动可持续发展的产业和经济模式，实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢。
最后，国际合作和共同努力是解决环境问题的关键。
全球变暖、气候变化等环境挑战需要各国共同应对。
加强国际合作，分享环保经验和技术，制定共同的环境保护目标和行动计划。
(NEW)中山大学外国语学院《638基础英语》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2004年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2005年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2006年中山大学外国语学院348基础英语考研真题及详解2007年中山大学外国语学院738基础英语考研真题及详解2008年中山大学外国语学院616基础英语考研真题及详解2009年中山大学外国语学院628基础英语考研真题及详解2010年中山大学外国语学院622基础英语考研真题及详解2011年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2012年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2013年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2014年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2015年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2016年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2017年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2018年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Reading (30%)Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group among shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave” has swept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical” concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies will have to be more honest and open in response to this mood.Mintel’s survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 percent in 1990 to around 60 percent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13 percent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44.Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of green spender among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, the image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society has virtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not “gone off the boil”. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.Mintel’s 1994 survey found that 13 percent of consumers are “very dark green”, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 percent are “dark green”, trying “as far as possible” to buy such products, and 21 percent are “pale green” tending to buy green products if they see them. Another 26 percent are “armchair greens”; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 percent say they do not care about green issues.Four in ten people are “ethical spenders”, buying goods which do not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of “armchair ethicals” has risen from 28 to 35 percent and only 22 percent say they are, unconcerned now, against 30 percent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first century, consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers.Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue—48 percent said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animals—followed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factor farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, suggesting that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer of the passage? In your answer booklet write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN for each statement.1. The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.2. Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying ‘green’.3. The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.4. Consumers’ green shopping habits are influenced by Mintel’s findings.5. Mintel has limited their investigation to professional and managerial groups.6. Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.【答案与解析】1. YES(文章通篇没有多提政治，除了第一段“politicians claims environmentalism is yesterday’s issue”，本文更多的是从消费者的角度来讨论这一问题的。
考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)
考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)2005年真题答案：Section I: Use of English1-5: DBEAC6-10: GFBED11-15: CAFBG16-20: CBGAFSection II: Reading ComprehensionPassage One:21-24: DCBC25-28: ADAE29-32: GDBC33-35: FBAPassage Two:36-40: HBEAD41-45: DBAGCPassage Three:46-50: BCDBD51-55: ACBBCSection III: Translation56. personnel management57. economic depression58. promote international cooperation59. achieve mutual benefits60. keep pace withSection IV: WritingPart A:61. There can be no doubt that (changes in traditional attitudes towards marriage) can lead to profound social and cultural changes.62. In conclusion, although (the pressure on students is heavier than ever before), it does not mean that they enjoy more academic freedom.63. As can be seen from the charts/graph, (the number of smokers has decreased remarkably) over the past decade.64. There are three reasons for this phenomenon, (as follows). First of all, (high education costs) can deter many students from pursuing higher education.Part B:(注意这是一篇作文，所以格式会略有不同，以下只给出大纲)Introduction:- Briefly introduce the topic and mention the importance of studying abroad.Body:- Discuss the advantages of studying abroad, such as exposure to different cultures, language skills improvement, and personal growth, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss the challenges and difficulties that students may face when studying abroad, such as homesickness and cultural shock, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss ways to overcome these challenges and make the most out of the study abroad experience, providing suggestions and advice.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize the overall benefits of studying abroad.2006年真题答案：Section I: Use of English1-5: CBEDA6-10: EACBD11-15: CBEDF16-20: GFDACSection II: Reading Comprehension Passage One:21-24: BADD25-28: ACBD29-32: CBGD33-35: BACPassage Two:36-40: GAEFD41-45: CFBHGPassage Three:46-50: BBCDA51-55: ADDBBSection III: Translation56. continues to function57. for fear that58. regardless of59. poses a threat to60. in a senseSection IV: WritingPart A:61. Furthermore, the government should allocate more funding to support scientific research in order to (promote technological innovation).62. It is advisable for colleges and universities to (improve career guidance services) for students seeking employment after graduation.63. There are three reasons for this phenomenon, (as follows). Firstly, (the popularity of online shopping) has led to the decline of traditional brick-and-mortar stores.64. In conclusion, (effective communication) plays a vital role in building and maintaining a harmonious relationship between individuals.Part B:(注意这是一篇作文，所以格式会略有不同，以下只给出大纲)Introduction:- Introduce the topic and present a brief overview of the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.Body:- Discuss the benefits of globalization, such as increased global connectivity, economic growth, and cultural exchange, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss the challenges and negative effects of globalization, such as economic inequality, loss of cultural identity, and environmental degradation, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss possible solutions and measures to maximize the benefits of globalization while minimizing the negative impacts, providing suggestions and recommendations.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize the importance of finding a balance between globalization and preserving local identities and environmental sustainability.以上是根据题目给出的“考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)”来回答的文章。
中山大学考研历年真题下载
中山大学考研历年真题下载关注微信公众号，官方微博，豆瓣小组，人人小站【名称都为：鸿儒中大考研网】。
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[2005-2017考研英语一真题]2005-2017历年考研英语一真题和答案解析详细讲解[12年考研英语一真题官方最全]
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman,but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child littleto say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its childis marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holywater around the bride’s and gro om’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move inwith the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 theycan build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced personsare 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 propertyhe or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up: the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regardto2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D]divided19. [A] breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] inthatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―i nci t e excessive thinnes s‖ by promoting ext r em e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ul t ra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep – and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and sixmonths inprison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: ―We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young peopl e.‖The char t er’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen inFrance? [A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would beredefined. [C] Websites aboutdieting would thrive. [D] Thefashion industry would decline.22. The phrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaningto .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating thestate of[C] losing faithin[D] doing harmto23. Which of the following is true of the fashionindustry? [A] New standards are being set inDenmark.[B] The French measures have alreadyfailed. [C] Models are no longer underpeer pressure. [D] Its inherent problemsare getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for.[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about model’scharacter[C] showing little concern for healthfactors[D] setting a high age threshold formodels25. Which of the following may be the best title ofthe text? [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’sBody Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models inFrance[C] Just Another Round of Struggle forBeauty[D] The Great Threats to the FashionIndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show B r i t ons rate ―t he countrysi de‖alongside the royal f a m ily, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save ―t he beauty of natural places for everyone forever‖.I t was specifically to provide ci t y dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience ―a refreshing air‖.H ill’s pr essur e later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any m or e, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising ―o f f-pl an‖building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planningwhere councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protect Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that ―h ousing crisi s‖ equals ―c oncreted meadow s‖ is pure lobby talk. The issue i s not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, B r i t ai n is Europe’s m ostcrowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative –the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of thepolitical spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about thecountryside _.[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to theNHS [C] is fully backed by the royalfamily [D] is not well reflected inpolitics27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are nowbeing .[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectivelyreinforced [C] largelyovershadowed [D]properly protected28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3? [A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon ―off-plan‖building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s Preference .[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character ofrural areas [C] stresses the necessity ofeasing the housing crisis [D] reveals a strongprejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciationof .[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,‖ wrote Mi l t on Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist. ―That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit s.‖ B ut even if you accept F r i edman's premise and regard corporate soc i al responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate last year by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a ―s i gnal‖that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse ―ha lo ef f ect‖,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent paper attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in C S R.―We estimate that ei t her eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate givingby about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishmentfor bribingforeign official s,‖ says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do -gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with _.[A ] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_.[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it againstmalpractices [C] protecting itfrom being defamed [D] raisingthe quality of its products33. The expression ―more lenient‖(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaningto .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a compa n y’s CSR record.[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the lastparagraph? [A ] Its negative effects on businesses are oftenoverlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is stilldeclining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.* "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at The New York Times? "I wouldn’t pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it as a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partlydue to .[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from itsinvestors [C] the complaintsfrom its readers [D] theincreasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Timesshould _.[A] seek new sources of readership[B] end the print edition forgood [C] aim for efficientmanagement [D] make strategicadjustments38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a ―l eg acy product‖.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyalcustomers [C] will have the cost ofprinting reduced [D] expands thepopularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world_.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitatesproblem-solving [C] aggressivenessbetter meets challenges [D]traditional luxuries can stayunaffected40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text? [A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once [B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever inFashionPart BDirections：Read the following texts and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image ofyourself[B] Have confidence inyourself [C] Decide if thetime is right [D] Understandthe context[E] Work withprofessionals[F] Make itefficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between t oda y’s workplace and the ―d ress for succes s‖ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to inves t in an upgrade?And what’s the bes tway to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here aresome tips:41.A s an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during t r ans i t i ons—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’r e in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and pr of es sional s.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and t hat’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’r e hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more―S o H o.‖(I t’s OK to use characterizations like t hat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of yourenvironment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire apersonal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J·Crew·Try a hair stylist instead of abarber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. I t’s not asexpensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. I tis like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gai n access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our ment al health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I t’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain,and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section IIIWritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e ―L i Mi ng‖ i nst ead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part A52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年考研英语一真题参考答案Use ofEnglish1. [C] as wellas2. [D] decidedon3. [C] arrange4. [B] Intheory5. [C] After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A] passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A] obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A]whatever17. [B] brought18. [D] divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPart AText 121. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.22. [D] doing harm to23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsText 226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A] gradually destroyed28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. [D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. [D] the town-and-country planning in BritainText 331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust from consumers33. [C] less severe34. [A] has an impact on their decision35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.Text 436. [A] the high cost of operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges40. [C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodPart B41. [C] Decide if the time is right42. [G] Know your goals43. [D] Understand the context44. [E] Work with professionals45. [F] Make it efficientPart C46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。
英语语言文学专业综合(英汉互译、文学欣赏、命题英语作文)2005答案
国际关系学院英语语言文学专业2005年硕士研究生入学考试试题英语语言文学专业综合(以下内容重要,考生须在答题前认真阅读)本科目考试时间为3小时,总分150分考生必须在答题纸上作答,作答时须按试题顺序标清题号或写清题目,在试题纸,草稿纸上作答的一律无效考试结束后,经监考人员清点试卷无误后,考生方可离开考场,试题,答题纸,草稿纸一律不得带出考场Ⅰ.Translate the following into Chinese (40 points)It is difficult to imagine a greater contrast in ambassadorial posts than manila and Moscow. The cities themselves were so different. About the only thing they had in common was that both names began with “M”. In the Philippines, society was disorganized and free. There was prac tically no governmental control of anything. In Moscow, everything was organized and contrived. Manila was a city of brilliant color, with blue seas, fleecy white clouds, and waving palm trees marred by the shocking contrast between wealth and poverty. Moscow was gray and cold, homogenized and depressing. In Russia, however, you felt a sense of power that was lacking in the Philippines.There was a sharp difference between the people, too. The Filipinos were charming, friendly, warmhearted, and outgoing, whereas the Russians were reserved and suspicious. The average Filipino looked on the United States with respect and affection. In large measure, this sentiment was due to the hundreds of American teachers who set up schools in virtually every barrio in the country at the beginning of the century. the American military campaign that drove out the Japanese in World War Ⅱand the subsequent granting of independence to the islands certainly contributed to the Filipinos’ affection for the united states. So great was this affection, which bordered on loyalty to the united states, that it was a matter of concern to some of the younger politicians in manila. To offset what they regarded as excessive dependency, emotionally anyway, on the United States, they built little fires of anti-American sentiment. Some politicians in personal conversation with Americans admitted that they indulged in anti-American attacks to enhance their political fortunes.Ⅱ.Translate the following into English (40points)人人希望幸福, 但是,什么是幸福?如果经过一番深思,那么答案并不简单.古往今来没有人能拥有永远的,完美的幸福.这是人性的本质所决定的.幸福必须付出一定代价,起码在付出代价的时候必有艰难痛苦.人生虽有快乐,但更多的是不如意.人间如果人人幸福,事事美满,那么一切的追求和努力都会停止.所以,“幸福”使人生有享受与安慰,“不幸福”则促使人生不断努力追求,因而提升了个人的价值.人生不会有永久绝对的幸福.才华横溢,少年得志的英国文豪王尔德后半生非常痛苦。
自考语言学概论历年真题及答案(2005年-2011年)
2005年10月一、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分）1．关于“说话”这种口头交际行为，下列说法正确的一项是（）A．只涉及心理问题，不涉及物理和生理问题B．只涉及物理问题，不涉及生理和心理问题C．只涉及生理问题，不涉及物理和心理问题D．既涉及心理问题，又涉及生理和物理问题2．判断两种话是不同语言还是同一种语言的不同方言应该主要参考（）A．相互理解程度B．语言结构的差异程度C．共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感D．是否属于同一个国家3．关于语音四要素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．在任何语言中，音高变化都是语调的主要构成要素B．能起区别语言意义作用的是绝对的音高、音强和音长C．音长是由发音体振动的持续时间决定的D．音强是由发音体振动的振幅大小决定的4．下列关于区别特征的表述中，不正确．．．的一项是（）A．音位是通过区别特征相互区别的B．区别特征完全取决于语音的自然属性C．音位的辨义功能由区别特征负担D．区别特征通常都表现为二项对立5．关于“复辅音”，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．复辅音是一个音节内两个或几个辅音的组合B．复辅音内的几个辅音彼此之间有过渡音联结C．复辅音内的几个辅音的音质变化是突变式的D．复辅音并不是所有语言中都存在的语音现象6．下列各项中，都是低元音的一组是（）A．[y,æ] B．[a,Λ] C．[u,ε] D．[Aα,] 7．下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是（）A．[k,η] B．[m, n] C．[n, η] D．[k,p]8．北京话“面”单念时读作[miæn],但“面包”却读作[miæmpαu],这种语流音变象A．弱化B．增音C．同化D．异化9．关于现代汉语“洗”和“浴”两个语素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．“洗”是成词语素，“浴”是不成词语素B．“洗”是自由语素，“浴”是黏着语素C．“洗”是不定位语素，“浴”是定位语素D．“洗”和“浴”都是实义语素10．下列各组中，三个复合词构词类型不一致．．．的一组是（）A．席卷耳鸣地震B．打倒切断推翻C．发光散热出气D．天地欢乐爱好11．下列各组词，吸收外来成分的手段存在不一致．．．情况的一组是（）A．丹麦挪威法兰西B．沙拉咖啡麦当劳C．卡车啤酒立邦漆D．香波克隆好莱坞12．语法规则的“抽象性”是指（）A．对语言的结构和成分进行类的概括B．相同规则可在一个结构里重复使用C．语法规则之间可以相互推导和解释D．语法规则的发展变化过程十分缓慢13．语法现象可以分成“核心语法现象”和“外围语法现象”，其中“核心语法现象”主要是指（）A．词语搭配问题B．意义表达问题C．语音实现问题D．句法结构问题14．主要功能是用来“造句”的同一级语法单位是指（）A．语素和语素组B．语素组和词C．词和词组D．词组和句子15．汉语中的词类（词的语法分类）可以首先分出的两个大类是（）A．基本词和非基本词B．实词和虚词C．典型词和兼类词D．体词和谓词16．下列关于“直接组成成分分析法”（层次分析法）的表述，不正确．．．的一项是（）A．从最大的词组开始逐层切分，一直切分到词为止B．从最小的词开始逐层组合，一直组合到词组为止C．分析时要依据两条原则：“成结构”和“有意义”D．分析时采用的方法是“先分主干”和“后添枝叶”17．“汽车”和“卡车”是（）A．上下位词B．同义词C．等义词D．近义词18．下列各项中，语义结构属于复合述谓结构的一项是（）A．这样做不值得B．他跑过去开门C．我们单位需要增加编制D．他们正在研究如何筹集资金19．下列各项中，甲和乙是预设关系的一项是（）A．（甲）他买了一支钢笔//（乙）他买了一支笔B．（甲）老王在小李的左边//（乙）小李在老王的右边C．（甲）他早就不在学校工作了//（乙）他以前在学校工作过D．（甲）什么水果他都吃过//（乙）他吃过苹果20．文字最基本的单位是（）A．笔画B．字符C．偏旁D．部首21．根据字符跟什么样的语言单位相联系的标准来分类，已知自源文字都属于（）A．词语文字B．语素文字C．音节文字D．音位文字22．在语言谱系分类的层级体系中，最大的类别是（）A．语族B．语支C．语系D．语群23．在儿童学会说话的过程中，“双词阶段”标志着儿童产生的语言能力是（）A．语音能力B．语汇能力C．语法能力D．语义能力24．“萨丕尔（E.Sapir）-沃尔夫（B. L. Whorf）假说”之所以被称作“语言相关论”，主要是因为他们认为（）A．思维决定语言B．语言决定思维C．语言和思维互不相干D．语言和思维相互作用25．关于“中介语”现象，下列说法正确的一项是（）A．“中介语”越到外语学习后期发展越快B．较高级的“中介语”也不能用于交际C．人们的中介语发展遵循大致相同的规律D．儿童学习母语过程中存在中介语现象26．从语言信息处理技术本身来看，下列各项中，属于未来一段时间研究的主攻方向的是（）A．文字编码B．语音识别C．文本检索D．机器翻译二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）27．从声音产生方面分析，音质的不同取决于（）A．发音体不同B．发音体振动频率不同C．发音体振动幅度不同D．发音的方法不同E．共鸣器形状不同28．关于“常用语汇”，下列说法正确的有（）A．常用语汇和基本语汇不是一回事B．常用语汇是和非常用语汇相对而言的C．常用语汇都是使用频率较高的词D．常用语汇是和一般语汇相对而言的E．常用语汇和基本语汇有相当一部分是重合的29．汉语“妈妈买的”这个词组属于（）A．体词词组B．谓词词组C．向心词组D．离心词组E．特殊词组30．义素分析的作用和优点有（）A．可以简洁地说明词义结构B．有客观的分析标准C．有助于语义描写的形式化D．几十个义素便可以描写整个词义系统E．有助于描写和说明词语的组合条件31．下列关于社会方言的表述中，正确的有（）A．社会方言是随着社会的社群分化而产生的B．社会方言是在一种语言或方言内部形成的C．社会方言是在不同语言相互接触中产生的D．社会方言有自己特殊的结构系统E．社会方言具有明显的排他性三、名词解释题，每一名词解释都须举例。