商务英语整理
商务英语阅读课堂笔记整理版
Business English A Reading course（整理版）商务英语阅读的主要内容：商务英语阅读主要包括世界经济形势、经济全球化、国际贸易与投资、金融风险与管理、商业文化、企业管理等。
这些阅读材料不但传递最新的世界经济和国际商务信息，开阔学生的视野，还提供最新、最典型的商务语言和词汇，有助于学生熟悉并掌握商务英语文章的典型语言用法、语言风格及语言特点等。
1）阿迪达斯Impossible Is Nothing. 没有什么是不可能2）香奈儿Fashion passes, style remains. 流行稍纵即逝,风格永存3）飞利浦Let us make things better. 让我们做得更好4）麦氏咖啡Good to the last drop. 滴滴香浓,意犹未尽This Bill of exchange shall be accepted first and then can be honored by the acceptor.(该汇票应先承兑，然后由承兑方进行支付）Words & expressions:Transnational road warriors 从事跨国商务活动的人Faculty and alumniPerformance-review process 绩效考核过程Make an assessment of sb 对某人作出评价In a group setting 公共场合Have a one-on-one session with sb 进行单独会话Tone down 缓和语气Career progression 事业发展Cultural gulf 文化鸿沟In the arena of international commerce 在国际商务的平台上Common ground 共同点At the institutional level 制度层面Fall short 结果，后果Ongoing cross-pollination 不断学习他国先进事物Trait 特征Be customer-centric 以客户为本Implement 实施Commonality 共性The integration of the global economy 全球经济一体化See local context ad integral 本土文化语境知识一些跨国公司英文名称：Procter & Gamble Company 宝洁公司Johnson & Johnson Ltd. 强生公司Carrefour China Inc. 家乐福Bayerische Motor en Werhe AG宝马公司Coca-Cola Enterprises可口可乐企业China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Sinopec Group中国石油化工集团公司China Ocean Shipping Company COSCO中国远洋运输总公司Standard Chartered Bank 渣打银行Words & expressions:To name a few 举例A medical practice 诊所A successful new venture 成功的新企业The critical ingredients for success 主要的结构Distinguish…..from…. 把。
商务活动中常见的商务英语翻译错误整理
商务活动中常见的商务英语翻译错误整理在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误，现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子，试作分析，谨供读者朋友参考。
1. 由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建立速度和质量得到高度评价。
原译文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.注：投资某项工程应为invest in a project，在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。
应译为：The Haikou Power Station Project invested in(在某些情况下可用financed or funded) by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. washighly appraised for its construction speed and quality.2. 上海 SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。
原译文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding panies.注：share-holding pany指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。
上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份，换句话说，这5个公司是“老子”公司，因此显然不符合中文原意。
应译为：Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding pany of 5 subsidiary panies.或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary panies.3. 中国民生银行。
商务英语重点(个人整理)
1请就钢板向我方CIF西雅图最低价，包括百分之五的佣金Please quote us your rock-bottom price for钢板CIF Seattle inclusive of 5% commission.2请采取必要的预防措施是包装能保护货物在运输途中不受潮湿和雨淋的伤害Please take necessary precautions that the packing can protect the goods from dampness or rain in transit. 3我们多退让一步吧百分之五十信用证，其余的用付借款交单，你看怎么样Let’s meet each other halfway. What do you think of 50% by L/C and the balance by D/P?4请注意，由于外汇汇率浮动较大，价格会随时起变化，不预作通知Please be informed that, on account of the fluctuations of foreign exchange, the quotation is subject to change without previous notice.4、我们的证明书以盖公章和局长签字有效Our certificates are made valid by means of the official seal and personal chop of the commissioner.5请报一百吨钢板CIF大连最低价，并请告知详细规格Please quote us your lowest price, CIF Sydney, stating the earliest date of shipment.（详细规格，不准确）6由于原料价格已上涨百分之二十，我方不久将发布提价的价目表The price of raw materials has advanced 20%and we shall shortly be issuing an advanced pricelist.7请确保货物于十月十五日左右起航的“和平轮“装运Please see to it that the goods are shipped per PEACE sailing on or about October 15th.8我方羊毛衫有着无比优越的品质和色彩，在这一点上没有人能赶上我们Our woolen sweaters have no rival /equal in quality and color. No other supplier can touch us in this point.9这些机器必须使用适合海运并能承受野蛮装卸的箱子包装These machines must be packed in seaworthy cases capable of withstanding rough handling. 10我方欲购买洗衣机，请报你放最优惠的价格As we are in the market for washing machine, we should be pleased if you would send us your best quotations.11请报CIF悉尼最低价，包括我方百分之二的折扣，并告知最早的装运期Please quote us your lowest price, CIF Sydney, inclusive of our 2% discount, stating the earliest date of shipment.12我放的报盘随时会有变化，不做预先通知；Our offer is subject to change without notice.13如果我方的消费者对这批货满意的话，肯定会向你方大批量续订的；If you can supply goods of the type and quality required, we may place regular orders for large quantities.14如果没有客户的特别指示，我们一般给客户投保平安险；It’s our usual practice to cover the goods against F.P.A. in the absence of definite instructions from our clients15你方如果能降价，比如说百分之八的话，我们也许能成交；Should you be prepared to reduce your limit, say 8%, we might come to terms.16我们将按照合同分三批交货，至二月份开始，每月六百吨；In compliance with the contract, we will ship the goods in 3 monthly installments of 600 tons from Feb.17百分之十的预付是不够的，我方要你们把预付款至少增加到百分之二十；The 10% advance payment is not sufficient, so we ask you to increase it to at least 20%.18我们的货物只有在符合出口标准后商检局才予以放行；Our goods must be up to export standards before the Inspection Bureau releases them.19此盘五天内不接受撤销论；This offer must be withdrawn if not accepted within five days.20第一批货物500吨将在七月份装运，其余二百吨年底前一次交完；The first lot, 500 tons, will be delivered in July and the remaining 200 tons before the end of the year in one lot.21请把分期付款中的第一次付款用电汇方式支付，余额分五批支付；Please remit the down payment to us by T/T. Payment of the balance is to be spread over 5 installments.22买方有权在合同与定期内进行复检，复检费用由买方承担；The buyer is entitled to re-inspect within the contracted time and the re-inspection fee shall be borne by the buyers.23请就连衣裙向我方报CIF伦敦最低价，包括5%的佣金；Please quote us your rock-bottom price for dress CIF Seattle inclusive of 5% commission.24我方不能按你方提示的幅度降价8%；There is no possibility of our cutting the price to the extent you indicated, i.e. 8%.25即期信用证支付是我们的通常做法，对这笔交易我们不能破例It’s our usual practice to require payment by sight L/C, so we can’t set a precedent for this transaction.26如果货物的质量和数量与合同不符，有谁出具检验证书呢？Who issues the inspection certificate in case the quality or quantity does not conform with (be in conformity with) the contract?1、A is inquiring about B’s toys, wanting to know the unit price on CIF basis quantity suppliable , and possible date of shipment mode of payment.A: Hello! I’m Alice from America.B: How do you do, Mr,Alice? My name is Bob.A: Glad to meet you, Mr.Bob. I know your company are specializeing in the exportation of toys.I wonder whether you can quote us on CIF basis quantity suppliable.B:Yes. Based on your requirement, We are pleased to quote you for 50 dollars per unit.A: Thank you very much. Mr. Bob. What about the mode of payment?B:Our terms of payment are by irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight against presentation of shipping documents.A:What’s the possible date of shipment?B: Three to four weeks after receipt of letter of credit .A:Thank you.2、A wants to buy 3000 computers from B both sides agree on the price . a ask a 5% quantity discount, but B agree to 3%. A takes it, and the deal is concluded.A:We will order 3000 sets of computers from your company .Having gone over your quotation sheet, we found that your prices are much too high, at least 10% higher than those of Japan compared with the similar products. So it would be difficult for us to push any sales if we buy the goods at such prices.So how about a 5% discount?B: Considering the long-standing business relationship between us, we shall grant you a special discount of 3%.A: Your proposal seems to be reasonable. All right. In order to get the business, I accept it.3、A hopes that he and B can meet each other halfway, a insists the price he has changed is very reasonable , b tells him that there is a keen completion they are also discussing some other details including terms of payment shipping and so on .B: Well, in order to get the business, I can accept the prices of your components, but there isstill a gap of 40 dollars about the unit price of your computers, let me make a bid, shall I?A: The price I offered is very reasonable.B: To be frank with you, we can get an offer from another supplier. The prices are much lower than yours. If you insist on your present price, we have to accept the other offer.A: Let’s meet each other halfway further.B: Mr.Alice, you certainly have a way of talking me into agreeing your prices. Well, for the sake of friendship, I accept these prices.What’s the shipment?A:Three to four weeks after receipt of letter of credit .B: What about the mode of payment?A:Our terms of payment are by irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight against presentation of shipping documents.B:It’s a good deal!Thank you!5、A wants to know whether it is a firm offer . And he expresses hopes to place a trial order on certain conditions. So A and B are discussing the details .A:I want to know whether it is a firm offer?B:Sure,it is a firm offer. We are making you, subject to your acceptance before the end of this month, the mentioned offer.A: Mr. Bob, we should discuss the problem of placing an order next step, I think.B: How many computers do you want to order?A: As is stated before, we’ll order 1000 sets at the very most because your prices are still on a high side though you have adjusted. It would not be easy for us to push the sales if we buy it at this price.B: If you order 2000 sets, we are prepared to make a 2% reduction again.A:It’s a good deal!Thank you.6、A is inquiring about B ‘s leather gloves for the following information .1 the unit price on FOB basis.2 quantity for immediate delivery3 possible date of shipment4 required terms of paymentA: Please quote us your rock-bottom price for leather gloves on FOB basis.B: We are pleased to quote you for 15 dollars per unit.A:And what’s the quantity for immediate delivery?B: A fact remains that our manufacturers have a heavy backlog on hand. So the quantity can only be made 2000 units.A:OK. What’s the t ime of delivery about our orders?B: I’m afraid it would be by the end of July.A: We are glad that through our mutual efforts and cooperation, we’ve settled the issues of price, and quantity. Now what about the terms of payment?B: For the payment of this order, we can only accept payment by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit payable.A: Good. Let’s call it a deal.8、While a wants to B paid by confirmed irrevocable L/C.B insists on paying by T/L on the ground of this transaction involving a small amount .Finally a makes a concession in paumeng rerms and agrees to be paid buy T|TA: For the payment of this order, we can only accept payment by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit payable against others.B: This transaction involves a small amount ,so could you make an exception and accept T/L?A: Well, since your old customers speak highly of your commercial integrity, and we believe this initial business will serve to promote the friendship as well as trade between us, I’ll let you make the payment by T/T.B:Well, since your old customers speak highly of your commercial integrity, and we believe this initial business will serve to promote the friendship as well as trade between us, I’ll let you make the payment by aA: That’s terrific. Thank you very much.9、A the buyer is requiring about the packing of his order for china vases, B the seller suggest having them packed in cardboard boxes a does not agree, after negotiation ,b agrees to pack the vases in wooden case.A: What about the outer packing for the china vases ?B: We usually use a special cardboard box with stenciled shipping marks as outer packing.A：I’m afraid the cardboard boxes are not strong enough for such product, but for textile.B: Such cardboard boxes are very strong and we also reinforce them with iron straps.A:But these goods are fragile,so we hope that you can pack the vases in wooden case.B:Well,in order to promote the friendship as well as trade between us,I accept it.1) Establish Business Relations (建立业务关系)2) Inquiries and Offers (询盘与报盘)3) Business Negotiations-Counter Offer and Declining a Counter Offer (贸易谈判-还盘和反还盘)4) Acceptance and Order (接受与订货)5) Packing and Shipment (包装与装运)6) Payment and Delivery (付款与交货)7)Inspection, Insurance and Arbitration (商检,保险与仲裁)8)Complaints, Claims and Adjustments(抱怨,索赔与理赔)9)Agency and Contract (代理与签约)10) Etiquette in Business Negotiation (商务谈判的礼节)FOB (free on board)：离岸价CFR /C&F (Cost & Freight): 成本加运费CIF (Cost, insurance and freight)：到岸价格1）L/C (Letter of Credit):信用证2）T/T (Telegraphic Transfer):电汇(30+70T/T)3）D/A (Documents against Acceptance): 承兑交单4）D/P (Documents against Payment): 付款交单1) G.W (Gross Weight): 毛重2) N.W (Net Weight):净重3) B/L (Bill of Lading):提单4) ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) 预计到达时间5) PO (Purchasing Order) 订单A general inquiry(普通询盘)A specific inquiry (具体询盘):firm offer or offer with engagement (实盘)：soft offer or offer without engagement (虚盘)revocable L/C/irrevocable L/C 可撤销信用证/不可撤销信用证confirmedL/C/unconfirmed L/C 保兑信用证/不保兑信用证sight L/C/usance L/C 即期信用证/远期信用证without recourse L/C/with recourse L/C无追索权信用证/有追索权信用证profit: 净收入，净利margin：利润额gross margin: 毛利润profit margin：利润率margin and profit margin: 毛利润和利润率THIS SIDE UP 此端向上HANDLE WITH CARE 小心搬运USE NO HOOKS 请勿用钩KEEP DRY 保持干燥KEEP PLAT 注意平放TO BE KEPT COOL 低温保存KEEP AWAY FROM BOILER 远离锅炉INFLAMMABLE 易燃货物FRAGILE 当心破碎EXPLOSIVES 易爆物品1)cardbox 纸板箱carton 纸箱polybag 塑料袋wooden case 木箱sack麻袋crate板条箱bale包can/tin听carboy大玻璃瓶bundle捆container集装箱pallet托盘casket 小箱cask 桶drum 圆桶keg 小桶2)foamed plastic 泡沫塑料plasticsheet 塑料纸S.S. = steamship 轮船per S.S. Dong Feng 经东风号轮new year rush 新年销售旺季partial shipment 分批装运speed up 加速work in three shifts 三班倒backlog 积压而未交付的订货see to it that 注意办理以使freight forwarder 运输代理（行）Remittance (汇付), Collection (托收) and Letter of credit (信用证).Mail Transfer (M/T) (信汇), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) (电汇) and Remittance by Banker’s Demand Draft (D/D) (票汇). Clean Collection (光票托收) and Documentary Collection (跟单托收). Documents against Acceptance (D/A) (承兑交单) and Documents against Payment (D/P) (付款交单).confirmed L/C (保兑信用证), unconfirmed L/C (不保兑信用证);sight L/C (即期信用证), usance L/C (远期信用证); transferable L/C (可转让信用证), non-transferable L/C (不可转让信用证);down payment 预付定金tie up 占压the balance 剩余部分/余额payment by installments 分期付款 facilitate one’s financing 帮助资金周转exceptional case 例外monetary market 金融市场grant the facility 答应/给与便利make great difference to 对…有很大影响not to be taken as a precedent 下不为例be identical to 与…一致Money 一般的钱Note/bill 纸币Coin 硬币Currency 货币Fund 资金，基金，专款（常用复数） Capital 资本Loan 贷款Free from Particular Average (FPA)(平安险), With Particular Average(WPA)(水渍险) and All Risks(一切险).Sole agent (or exclusive agent)(独家代理):General agent (or commission agent)(总代理):1.CFR：cost and freight,成本加运费FOB：Free on board 装运港船上交货B/L：Bill of lading,海运提单L/C：Letter of credit,信用证PO: PO (Purchasing Order) 订单D/A:Documents against Acceptance承兑交单S.S ：steamship (steam ship) 【商】汽轮;汽船ETA ：估计到达时间（Estimated Time ofArrival）；T/T :Telegraphic Transfer,电汇CIF：Cost Insurance and Freigh,成本保险费加运费N.W：net weight 净重D/P ：付款交单（Document againstPayment）C&F ：成本加运费（Cost and Freight）WPA ：水渍险（With ParticularAverage）2. (1)运输代理freight agent(2)中性包装neutral packing(3)装运通知Shipping advice (4)承运人Carrier(5)销售确认书sales confirmation(6)佣金commission(7)最终用户final/end user(8)清洁提单clean bill of lading(9)报价单quotation /price sheet(10)规格specification/standard(11)分销商distributor(12)装运须知Shipping instructions(13)保险费premium(14)报价单quotation /price sheet(15)虚盘soft offer or offer without engagement r(16)名片Business card(17)商业发票commercial invoice(18)规格specifications; norms; standards; specs:(19)发货人consignor; shipper; deliverer(20)实盘firm offer or offer with engagement(21)最终用户final/end user(22)保险商underwriter/ assurer(23)样品sample(24)水渍险with particular average (W. P. A.)(25)保险商underwriter/ assurer(26)提单bill of lading (B/L);(28)一切险all risks(29)销售确认书sales confirmation(30)信用证受益人beneficiary(31)开证行issuing/opening bank。
商务英语的知识点总结归纳
商务英语的知识点总结归纳商务英语是现代商业中不可或缺的一环，可以让企业在国际贸易中更好地沟通和协商。
总结商务英语知识点是非常重要的工作，它可以帮助学习者更好地掌握商务英语，提高沟通效率和商业谈判的成败。
在这篇文章中，我们将总结商务英语的几个重要知识点，以帮助读者更好地掌握商务英语。
1. 商务英语常见词汇商务英语中使用的单词和短语与日常生活语言略有不同。
一些常见的商务英语词汇包括：贸易、出口、进口、采购、供应链、物流、合同、协议、报价、付款等等。
此外，还应掌握一些商务交流中常见的缩略语和首字母缩写，例如FOB、CIF、FCA、FTA、ETA、CIP等等。
熟练掌握这些词汇将有助于您更加流利地开展商务交流并轻松地理解商业文件。
2. 商务英语邮件写作技巧商务英语邮件是商务交流中最常用的一种通信方式之一。
良好的商务英语邮件写作技能可以让您更高效地与国际贸易伙伴进行沟通，这将有助于产品销售和海外市场扩展。
邮件写作技巧应该包括邮件主题的编写、邮件格式的规范、语言的清晰准确等。
在编写商务英语邮件时，您应该注意选择适当的敬语和表达方式，避免使用过于口语化的语句。
3. 商务英语谈判技巧商务英语谈判是商业交易中最重要的一环。
良好的商务英语谈判技巧可以让您在谈判中更有自信，并更好地达成协议。
商务英语谈判的技巧包括聆听技巧、沟通技巧、提问技巧、协商技巧等等。
在谈判中，您应掌握恰当的语气，并准备足够丰富的词汇来表述自己的需求和愿望。
4. 商务英语电话沟通技能在商业交易中，电话沟通是必不可少的方式之一。
良好的商务英语电话沟通技能可以让您更好地与合作伙伴沟通，提高销售率和客户满意度。
电话沟通的技能包括正确的招呼、礼貌用语、听取并理解对方意见等。
如果您的商务英语口语不够流利，可以在多与母语为英语人士进行交流，以提高自己的口语水平，在电话沟通中更自然和得心应手。
5. 商务英语文化差异商业谈判不仅仅在语言上存在差异，还在文化上存在不同。
商务英语常用词汇大全
商务英语常用词汇大全在英语的学习中，词汇量的积累无疑是很重要的，有关商务英语方面的英语单词你知道多少呢，下面是店铺整理的商务英语常用词汇大全，希望对大家有帮助。
商务英语常用词汇Ministry of Labour 劳工部 (美作epartment of Labor)labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作:Employment Bureau)labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作 (美作:serial production)workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application(for a job) 求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labour costs, labour input 劳力成本fluctuation of labour 劳力波动 (美作f labor)worker 工作者permanent worker 长期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人员employee 职员clerk, office worker 办公室人员商务英语常用单词salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人organized labour 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人farm worker 农场工人labourer worker 农业工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季节工collaborator 合作者foreman 工头trainee, apprentice 学徒工apprenticeship 学徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 专家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union 工会 (美作:labor union)trade unionist 工团主义者trade unionism 工团主义guild 行会,同会,公会association, society, union 协会emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward (工厂的)工会代表 (美作:union delegate)delegate 代表representative 代表works council 劳资联合委员会labour law 劳工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间overtime 业余时间remuneration 报酬pay, wage, salary 工资wage index 工资指数minimum wage 最低工资basic wage 基础工资gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资monthly wages 月工资weekly wages 周工资商务英语必备英语词汇piecework wage 计件工资maximum wage 最高工资 (美作:wage ceiling)sliding scale 按物价计酬法payment in kind 用实物付酬daily wages 日工资premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励payday 发工资日, 付薪日pay slip 工资单payroll 薪水册unemployment benefit 失业救济old-age pension 退休金,养老金collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罢工striker 罢工者go-slow 怠工(美作:slow-down)lockout 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工)staggered strike 阶段性罢工strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴(由工会给的)strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者(个人)the unemployed 失业者(集体)to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除,解雇。
2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文精选5篇整理
2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文精选5篇整理为了让大家能够提高bec高级的写作分数，我在这里带来了2023年高级（商务英语）考试(BEC)写作（范文）精选5篇。
2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文(一)Report writing Ex 4: Sample answer: (235words)Reassessment of job satisfaction: Sue Pearson(PR Dept.)IntroductionThis report sets out to use Workset colours to assess the accuracy of my job description as PR officer and to suggest a number of changes.FindingsIt is clear that there is a difference between the way the company views the job and the reality as I perceive it. Firstly, a number of areas which demand a significant proportion of my time are not mentioned in the official job brief. The segment on the pie chart which provides most cause for concern is the pink sector; this relates to my attendance at a number of meetings which I can contribute little. Another significant area is the grey segment; this refers to the unscheduled time I spend sorting out computer problems. I feel these activities are hampering my core work. As can be seen from the pie charts, the time I spend actively working to meet the goals agreed with my line manager is less than envisaged.ConclusionsThe above discrepancies clearly indicate that my current job brief is inaccurate.RecommendationsI would recommend that my official job brief should be updated using the Workset colours. It would also be valuable to consider the proportion of non-core colours in the pie chart and to investigate whether work in these areas could be carried out by someone else more suited to these tasks.2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文(二)Flexible working Ex 5:Sample answer: (250words)Resource Planning Manager: Assessment of Suitability forHome-based WorkingIntroductionThe purpose of this report is to assess the suitability of my position as Resource Planning Manager for home-based working.FindingsMy working pattern and that of my colleagues varies from week toweek. During certain periods a large proportion of my time is spent doing fieldwork. This is followed by office-based collating and recording the data collected. Once the results have been recorded, I proof-read the colour copies of all reports and maps.As regards communication with colleagues, department meetings are held once a fortnight. At other times, the individual members of the team communicate either face-to-face or by phone, depending on their location. Apart from official meetings, the same results can be achieved whether I am in the office or working elsewhere.ConclusionIt is clearly that I could be able to undertake the duties while working from home for a large proportion of my time. Clearly, some days would be spent in the office for face-to-face communication with colleagues. It would also be necessary to use the technical facilities at times. However, in order to be able to work effectively from home, I would need to be provided with a networked computer and printer.RecommendationsI would suggest that I should be given the necessary equipment to work partially from home for a trial period. After this time, further consultation should take place in order to reassess the situation.2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文(三)Business practices in China Ex 3: Sample answer: (244words)Dear Chen，I was very pleased to receive your letter. As requested, I enclose some advice about visiting Milan.There are lots of good hotels near the Fiera and I recommend the Hotel Wagner; it is about a ten-minute walk from the trade fair and also has the metro and train connections. The public transport system here is quite reliable and I do not think you need to hire a car; the traffic in Milan can be a bit chaotic.Finding somewhere to eat in the evening should be easy. There are plenty of restaurants and pizzerias near the hotel. My favourite is Nove Cento, which serves excellent seafood pasta.It is difficult to know what to recommend for sightseeing as the city has so much to offer. If you are interested in art, then the world famous ‘Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci is a short train ride from the hotel or you could visit the Brera art gallery. There is also the Duomo, Milans huge gothic cathedral. If you are interested in football, there should be midweek match featuring either AC or Inter Milan. Alternatively, you could visit the fashion area around via Montenapoleone.Thank you for inviting me for a meal one evening during you stay. I would be very happy to accept.I look forward to hearing from you nearer the time. We can then make the arrangements for where and when we are going to meet.Best regardsMaurizio2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文(四)Suggested answer: (127words)The last years of twentieth century saw the Internet being used by more and more companies as a business tool. In 1997 e-commerce was very limited earning a revenue of less than $25 billion. However, since then, there has been a steady growth worldwide. This trend looks set to continue into the next century with revenue from e-commerce rising to reach almost $200 billion by 2023.Like e-commerce, e-business has shown steady growth with revenue tripling in the period 1997 to 2000, rising from about $50 billion to $150 billion. However, during there is predicted to be a far more dramatic increase in e-business revenue over the next three years. It is thought that by 2023 revenue from e-business will have reached over $800 billion worldwide.2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文(五)A motivation surveyEx 3: Sample answer: (116words)FindingsA number of employees clearly suffer from a lack of motivation as a result of dissatisfaction in one or more areas of their work. The key findings are outlined below:Staff feel undervalued by the company, both on a financial and a personal level. It is generally felt that the companyˇs competitors offer higher levels of remuneration. The perception that the managers are unappreciative of staff efforts is particularly noticeable in the Sales Department.Certain employees feel under-challenged. The company is clearly not exploiting its human resources.There appears to be a breakdown of communication in the Production Department. The confusion and resultant ill-feeling towards managers has the potential to disrupt the production cycles.RecommendationsWe strongly recommend the following measures:An evaluation of job profiles throughout the company to assess whether skills could be utilised more efficientlyA review of the current salary structure involving the comparison with similar organisationsIt is also essential to investigate and take action regarding the communication in the Production and Sales Department.2023年高级商务英语考试(BEC)写作范文精选5篇文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
新东方资料----BEC商务英语考试必备词汇整理版
商务英语BEC考试必备词汇Aabroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响abstract n. 摘要access n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明account executive n. （广告公司）客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心*amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （AGM）股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求；应用，运用applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出（款项）approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能*arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁*arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作average n. 平均，平均水准awareness n. 意识；警觉Bbacking n. 财务支持，赞助backhander n. 贿赂*backlog n. 积压（工作或订货）bad debt 死账（无法收回的欠款）balance n. 收支差额，余额balance of payments n. 贸易支付差额balance sheet n. 资产负债表bankrupt adj. 破产的bankruptcy n. 破产bank statement n. 银行结算清单（给帐户的），银行对账单bar chart n. 条形图，柱状图bargain v. 谈判，讲价base n. 基地，根据地batch n. 一批，一组，一群batch production 批量生产bear market n. 熊市beat v. 超过，胜过behave v. 表现，运转behaviour n. 举止，行为，运转情况below-the-line advertising 线下广告，尚未被付款的广告benchmark n. 衡量标准benefit n. 利益，补助金，保险金得益fringe benefits n. 附加福利sickness benefit n. 疾病补助费bid n. 出价，投标takeover bid n. 盘进（一个公司）的出价bill n. 账单，票据billboard n. （路边）广告牌，招贴板black adj. 违法的in the black 有盈余，贷方black list 黑名单，禁止贸易的（货物、公司及个人）名单black Monday n. 黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子blue chips n. 蓝筹股，绩优股blue-collar adj. 蓝领（工人）的Board of Directors n. 董事会Bond n. 债券bonus n. 津贴，红利books n. 公司帐目book value n. 账面价值，（公司或股票）净值bookkeeper n. 簿记员，记帐人boom n. 繁荣，暴涨boost v. 提高，增加，宣扬bottleneck n. 瓶颈，窄路，阻碍bottom adj. 最后的，根本的v. 到达底部，建立基础bounce v. 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回brainstorm n./v. 点子会议，献计献策, 头脑风暴branch n. 分支，分部brand n. 商标，品牌brand leader n. 占市场最大份额的品牌，名牌brand loyalty n. （消费者）对品牌的忠实break even v. 收支相抵，不亏不盈break even point 收支相抵点, 盈亏平衡点breakthrough n. 突破brief n. 摘要brochure n. 小册子broker n. 经纪人，代理人bull market 牛市budget n. 预算bulk n. 大量（货物）adj. 大量的bust adj. 破了产的buyout n. 买下全部产权CCAD(=Computer Aided Design) n. 计算机辅助设计call n. 打电话call on v. 呼吁，约请，拜访campaign n. 战役，运动candidate n. 求职者，候选人canteen n. 食堂canvass v. 征求意见，劝说capacity n. 生产额，（最大）产量caption n. 照片或图片下的简短说明capital n. 资本，资金capture v. 赢得cash n. 现金，现付款v. 兑现cash flow n. 现金流量case study n. 案例分析catalogue n. 目录，产品目录catastrophe n. 大灾难，大祸CEO n. Chief Executive Officer（美）总经理chain n. 连锁店challenger n. 挑战者channel n. (商品流通的)渠道charge n. 使承担，要（价），把……记入（账册等）chart n. 图表checkout n. 付款台chief adj. 主要的，首席的，总的CIF, c.i.f. 成本保险费加运费circular n. 传阅的小册子（传单等）circulate v. 传阅claim n./v. 要求，索赔client n. 委托人，顾客cold adj. 没人找上门来的，生意清淡的commercialise v. 使商品化commission n. 佣金*commitment n. 承诺commodity n. 商品，货物company n. 公司limited (liability) company (ltd.) 股份有限公司public limited company (plc) n. 股票上市公司compensate v. 补偿，酬报compensation n. 补偿，酬金compete v. 比赛，竞争competition n. 比赛，竞争competitor n. 竞争者，对手competitive adj. 竞争性的component n. 机器元件、组件、部件，部分concentrated marketing n. 集中营销策略condition n. 条件，状况*configuration n. 设备的结构、组合conflict n. 冲突，争论*conglomerate n. 综合商社，多元化集团公司*consolidate v. 帐目合并*consortium n. 财团constant adj. 恒定的，不断的，经常的consultant n. 咨询人员，顾问，会诊医生consumables n. 消耗品consumer durables n. 耐用消费品（如：洗衣机）consumer goods n. 消费品，生活资料*contingency n. 意外事件continuum n. 连续时间contract n. 合同，契约contractor n. 承办商，承建人contribute v. 提供，捐献contribution n. 贡献，捐献，税conversion n. 改装，改造conveyor n. 运送，传递，转让core time n. （弹性工作制的）基本上班时间（员工于此段时间必须上班，弹性只对除此以外的时间有效）cost n. 成本fixed costs 固定成本running costs 日常管理费用variable costs 可变成本cost-effective adj. 合算的，有效益的costing n. 成本计算，成本会计credit n. 赊购，赊购制度credit control 赊销管理（检查顾客及时付款的体系）letter of credit 信用证credit limit 赊销限额credit rating 信贷的信用等级，信誉评价creditor n. 债权人，贷方*creditworthiness n. 信贷价值，信贷信用crisis n. 危机，转折点critical adj. 关键的*critical path analysis n. 关键途径分析法currency n. 货币，流通current adj. 通用的，现行的Current account 往来帐户，活期（存款）户current assets n. 流动资产current liabilities n. 流动负债customise v. 按顾客的具体要求制造（或改造等）；顾客化cut-throat adj. 残酷的，激烈的cut-price a. 削价（出售）的CV(=curriculum vitae) n. 简历，履历*cycle time n. 循环时间Ddamages n. 损害，损失deadline n. 最后期限deal n. 营业协议，数量v. 交易dealer n. 商人debit n. 借方，欠的钱v. 记入帐户的借方debt n. 欠款，债务to get into debt 负债to be out of debt 不欠债to pay off a debt 还清债务debtor n. 债务人aged debtors 长期债务人declare v. 申报，声明decline n./v. 衰退，缓慢，下降decrease v. 减少deduct v. 扣除，减去default n. 违约，未履行defect n. 缺陷defective adj. 有缺点的defer v. 推迟deferred payments n. 延期支付deficit n. 赤字delivery cycle n. 交货周期*demand management n. 需求规化demotivated adj. 消极的，冷谈的deposit n. 储蓄，预付（定金）depot n. 仓库depreciate v. 贬值，（对资产）折旧depressing adj. 令人沮丧的deputy n. 代理人，副职，代理devalue v. 货币贬值（相对于其它货币）diet n. 饮食，食物，特种饮食differentiation n. 区分，鉴别dimensions n. 尺寸，面积，规模direct v 管理，指导director n. 经理，主管Managing Director n. 总经理direct cost n. 直接成本direct mail n. （商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的）直接邮件direct selling n. 直销，直接销售directory n. 指南，号码簿discount n. 折扣，贴现dismiss v. 让……离开，打发走dismissal n. 打发走dispatch n./v. 调遣display n./v. 展出，显示dispose v. 安排，处理（事务）dispose of 去掉，清除distribution n. 分配，分发，分送产品*diversify v. 从事多种经营；多样化divest v. 剥夺dividend n. 股息，红利，年息division n. 部门*dog n. 滞销品down-market a./ad. 低档商品的*down-time/downtime n. 设备闲置期DP(=Data Processing) n. 计算机数据处理，计算机数据处理部门dramatic adj. 戏剧性的drive n. 积极性，能动性due adj. 应付的，预期的dynamic adj. 有活力的Eearnings n. 工资efficiency n. 效率endorse v. 背书，接受engage v. 雇用entitle v. 授权entitlement n. 应得的权利holiday entitlement n. 休假权equity n. 股东权益equity capital n. 股本equities 普通股，股票estimated demand n. 估计需求evaluate v. 估价，评价eventual adj. 最终的exaggerate v. 夸张exceed v. 超过exhibit n. 展览，表现expenditure n. 花费，支出额expense n. 费用，支出expense account n. 费用帐户expenses n. 费用，业务津贴expertise n. 专长，专门知识和技能*exposure n. 公众对某一产品或公司的知悉；广告所达到的观众总数Ffacilities n. 用于生产的设备、器材facilities layout n. 设备的布局规化、计划facilities location n. 设备安置*factoring n. 折价购买债券*fail-safe system n. 安全系统feasibility study n. 可行性研究feedback n. 反馈，反馈的信息field n. 办公室外边，具体业务file n. 文件集，卷宗，档案，文件v. 把文件（或资料）归档fill v. 充任finance n. 资金，财政v. 提供资金financial adj. 财政的financing n. 提供资金，筹借资金finished goods n. 制成品firm n. 公司fire v. 解雇fix v. 确定，使固定在fix up v. 解决，商妥fiscal adj. 国库的，财政的*flagship n. 同类中最成功的商品，佼佼者flexible adj. 有弹性的，灵活的flextime n. 弹性工作时间制flier(=flyer) n. 促销传单float v. 发行股票flop n. 失败flow shop n. 车间fluctuate v. 波动，涨落，起伏FOB, f.o.b n. 离岸价*follow-up n. 细节落实，接连要做的事forecast v. 预测four P's 指产品PRODUCT、价格PRICE、地点PLACE、促销PROMOTION framework n. 框架，结构*franchise n. 特许经销权v. 特许经销，给予特许经销权franchisee n. 特许经营人franchiser n. 授予特许经营权者fraud n. 欺骗*freebie n. （非正式的）赠品，免费促销的商品freelance n.& adj. 自由职业者（的）funds n. 资金，基金futures n. 期货交易Ggap n. 缺口，空隙*gearing n. 配称（即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率）*gimmick n. 好主意，好点子goal n. 目标going adj. 进行的，运转中的going rate n. 产品的市场价格goods n. 货物，商品goodwill n. 声誉*go public v. 首次公开发行股票grapple with v. 与……搏斗，尽力解决grievance n. 申诉，抱怨gross adj. 总的，毛的gross margin n. 毛利率gross profit n. 毛利gross yield n. 毛收益gradually adv. 逐渐地group n. （由若干公司联合而成的）集团grow v. 增长，扩大growth n. 增长，发展guarantee n. 保证，保单guidelines n. 指导方针，准则Hhand in v. 呈送hand in one's notice 递交辞呈handle v. 经营*hands on adj. 有直接经验的hard sell n. 强行推销hazard n. 危险，危害行为head n. 主管，负责health and safety n. 健康和安全*hedge n. 套期保值hidden adj. 隐藏的，不明显的hierarchy n. 等级制度，统治集团，领导层hire v. 雇用hire purchase n. 分期付款购物法hit v. 击中，到达holder n. 持有者holding company n. 控股公司hostile adj. 不友好的，恶意的HRD n. 人力资源发展部human resources n. 人力资源*hype n. 天花乱坠的（夸张）广告宣传Iimpact n. 冲击，强烈影响implement v. 实施，执行implication n 隐含意义incentive n. 刺激；鼓励income n. 工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入earned income 劳动收入，劳动所得unearned income 非劳动收入，投资所得increment v. 定期增加incur v 招致，承担*indemnity n. 偿还，赔偿index n. 指数，索引retail price index 零售价格指数indirect costs n. 间接成本induction n. 就职industrial adj. 工业的industrial action n. （罢工、怠工等）劳工行动industrial relations n. 劳资关系inefficiency n. 低效率，不称职inflate v. 抬高（物价），使通货等）膨胀inflation n. 通货膨胀*infringe v. 违法，违章initial adj. 初步的innovate v. 革新input n. 投入insolvent adj. 无清偿力的installment n. 部分，分期付款insure v. 给……保险，投保insurance n. 保险interest n. 利息，兴趣interest rate n. 利率interim n. 中期，过渡期间intermittent production n. 阶段性生产interview n./v. 面试interviewee n. 被面试的人interviewer n. 主持面试的人，招聘者introduce v. 介绍，提出*inventory n. 库存buffer inventory n. 用于应付突发性需求的存货capacity inventory n. 用于将来某时使用的存货cycle inventory n. 循环盘存decoupling inventory n. 保险性存货（以应付万一）finished goods inventory n. 制成品存货（盘存）pipeline inventory n. 在途存货raw materials inventory n. 原材料存货work-in-progress inventory n. 在制品盘存（存货）invest v. 投资investment n. 投资investor n. 投资者invoice n. 发票v. 给（某人）开发票irrevocable adj. 不可撤消的，不能改变的issue n. 发行股票* rights issue n. 优先认股权IT=Information Technology 信息技术item n. 货物，条目，条款Jjob n. 工作job description 工作说明，职务说明*job lot n. 一次生产的部分或少数产品job mobility 工作流动job rotation 工作轮换job satisfaction 工作的满意感（自豪感）*job shop n. 专门车间jobbing n. 为一次性的或小的订货需求而特设的生产制度joint adj. 联合的joint bank account （几个人的）联合银行存款帐户journal n. 专业杂志*jurisdiction n. 管辖（权）junk bonds n. 低档（风险）债券，垃圾债券junk mail n. （未经收信人要求的）直接邮寄的广告宣传*just-in-time n. 无库存制度Kkey adj. 主要的，关键的knockdown adj. （价格）很低的know-how n. 专门技术Ｌlabel n. 标签，标牌v. 加标签，加上标牌labour n. 劳动，工作，劳动力labour market 劳动力市场labour relations 劳资关系labour shortage 劳动力短缺*launch v. 在市场推出一种新产品n. 新产品的推出lay-off/layoff n./v. 临时解雇layout n. 工厂的布局lead v. 领先，领导lead time n. 完成某项活动所需的时间leaflet n. 广告印刷传单lease n. 租借，租赁物legal adj. 合法的lend v. 出借，贷款lessee n. 承租人lessor n. 出租人*ledger n. 分类帐nominal ledger n. 记名帐purchase ledger n. 进货sales ledger n. 销货帐*leverage n. 杠杆比率liability n. 负债liabilities n. 债务licence(US: license) n. 许可证license v. 许可，批准life cycle n. 寿命周期likely adj. 可能的*line process 流水线（组装）link n. 关系，联系，环liquid adj. 易转换成现款的liquidate v. 清算*liquidity n. 拥有变现力liquidation n. 清理（关闭公司），清算liquidator n. 清算人，公司资产清理人listed adj. 登记注册的listing n. 上市公司名录literature n. （产品说明书之类的）印刷品，宣传品litigate v. 提出诉讼loan n./v. 贷款，暂借logo n. 企业的特有标记lose v. 亏损loser n. 失败者loss n. 损失lot n. 批，量loyalty n. 忠诚，忠实Mmagazine n. 杂志，期刊mailshot n. 邮购maintain v. 维持，保持maintenance n. 维持，坚持major adj. 重大的，主要的，较大的majority shareholding 绝对控股make n. 产品的牌子或型号make-to-order adj. 根据订货而生产的产品make-to-stock adj. 指那些在未收到订货时就已生产了的产品management n. 管理，管理部门middle management n. 中层管理人员senior management n. 高层管理人员managerial adj. 管理人员的，管理方面的manager n. 经理plant manager n. 工厂负责人line manager n. 基层负责人staff manager n. 部门经理助理management accounts n. 管理帐目matrix management n. 矩阵管理*management information system(MIS) n. 管理信息系统manning n. 人员配备manpower n. 劳动力manpower resources n. 劳动力资源manual adj. 体力的，人工的，蓝领的manufacture v. （用机器）制造manufacturer n. 制造者（厂、商、公司）manufacturing adj. 制造的manufacturing industry 制造业margin n. 利润gross margin n. 毛利率net margin n. 净利润mark-up v. 标高售价，加价market n. 市场；产品可能的销量down market adv./adj. 低档商品/地的up market adj./adv. 高档商品的/地marketing mix n. 综合营销策略，指定价、促销、产品等策略的配合market leader n. 市场上的主导公司*market niche n. 小摊位，专业市场的一个小部分market penetration n. 市场渗入market segmentation 市场划分market share n. 市场占有率，市场份额*mass-marketing n. 大众营销术*master production schedule n. 主要生产计划*material requirements planning(MRP) n. 计算生产中所需材料的方法*materials handling n. 材料管理，材料控制maximise v. 使增至最大限度、最大化measure n. 措施，步骤media n. 新闻工具，传媒mass media 大众传媒（如电视、广播、报纸等）merchandising n. （在商店中）通过对商品的摆放与促销进行经营merge v. 联合，合并merger n. （公司，企业等的）合并merit n. 优点，值得，应受method study n. 方法研究middleman n. 中间人，经纪人full milk n. 全脂牛奶skimmed milk n. 脱脂乳minimise v. 使减至最小限度，最小化*mission n. 公司的长期目标和原则mobility n. 流动性，可移性moderately adv. 中等地，适度地monopoly n. 垄断，独占mortgage n./v. 抵押motivate v. 激励，激发……的积极性motivated adj. 有积极性的motivation n. 提供动机，积极性，动力motive n. 动机Nnegotiate v. 谈判negotiable adj. 可谈判的，可转让的net adj. 净的，纯的network n. 网络*niche n. 专业市场中的小摊位notice n. 通知，辞职申请，离职通知Oobjective n. 目标，目的obsolete adj. 过时的，淘汰的，废弃的offer n. 报价，发盘offer v. 开价off-season adj./adv. 淡季的off-the-shelf adj. 非专门设计的off-the-peg adj. 标准的，非顾客化的opening n. 空位operate v. 操作，经营，管理operating profits 营业利润*operations chart n. 经营（管理）表*operations scheduling n. 生产经营进度表opportunity n. 机会*optimize v. 优化option n. 选择权share option n. 期权organigram n. 组织图organisation chart n. 公司组织机构图orient v. 定向，指引orientation n. 倾向，方向；熟悉，介绍情况outcome n. 结果outlay n. 开销，支出，费用*outlet n. 商店a retail outlet 零售店outgoings n. 开支，开销outlined adj. 概括，勾勒的草图output n. 产量*outsource v. 外购产品或由外单位制做产品outstanding adj. 未付款的，应收的over-demand n. 求过于供overdraft n. 透支overdraft facility 透支限额overdraw v. 透支*overhead costs n. 营业成本*overheads n. 企业一般管理费用overpay n. 多付（款）overtime n. 加班overview n. 概述，概观owe v. 欠钱，应付Pp.a.(=per annum) n. 每年packaging n. 包装物；包装parent company n. 母公司，总公司part-time adj. 部分时间工作的，业余的participate v. 参加，分享(in)partnership n. 合伙（关系），合伙，合伙企业patent n. 专利pay n. 工资，酬金v. 付钱，付报酬take-home pay 实得工资payroll n. 雇员名单，工资表peak n. 峰值，顶点penetrate v. 渗透，打入（市场）penetration n. 目标市场的占有份额pension n. 养老金，退休金perform v. 表现，执行performance n. 进行，表现工作情况performance appraisal n. 工作情况评估perk n. 额外待遇（交通、保健、保险等）personnel n. 员工，人员*petty cash n. 零用现金phase out n. 分阶段停止使用*pick v. 提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货* picking list n. 用于择取生产或运输订货的表格pie chart n. 饼形图pilot n. 小规模试验pipeline n. 管道，渠道plant capacity n. 生产规模，生产能力plot v. 标绘，策划*plough back n. 将获利进行再投资* point of sale (POS) n. 销售点policy n. 政策，规定, 保险单*portfolio n. （投资）组合*portfolio management n. 组合证券管理post n. 邮件，邮局；职位position n. 职位potential n. 潜在力，潜势power n. 能力purchasing power 购买力PR=Public Relations 公共关系*preference shares n. 优先股price n. 价格market price 市场价，市价retail price 零售价probation n. 试用期product n. 产品production cycle n. 生产周期production schedule n. 生产计划product life cycle n. 产品生命周期product mix n. 产品组合（种类和数量的组合）productive adj. 生产的，多产的*profile n. 简介形象特征profit n. 利润operating profit n. 营业利润profit and loss account n. 损益帐户project v. 预测promote v . 推销promotion n. 提升，升级proposal n. 建议，计划prospect n. 预期，展望prospectus n. 计划书，说明书prosperity n. 繁荣，兴隆prototype n. 原型，样品*publicity n. 引起公众注意public adj. 公众的，公开的go public 上市public sector 公有企业publicity n. 公开场合，名声，宣传publics n. 公众，（有共同兴趣的）一群人或社会人士punctual adj. 准时的punctuality n. 准时purchase v. & n. 购买purchaser n. 买主，采购人QQC(=Quality Circle) n. 质检人员qualify v. 有资格，胜任qualified adj. 有资格的，胜任的，合格的qualification n. 资格，资格证明quality n. 质量quality assurance n. 质量保证quality control 质量控制，质量管理quarterly adj./adv. 季度的，按季度questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷quote n. 报价，股票牌价quotation n. 报价，股票牌价RＲ＆ＤResearch and Development 研究与开发radically adv. 根本地，彻底地raise n. （美）增加薪金v. 增加，提高；提出，引起range n. 系列产品rank n./v. 排名rapport n. 密切的关系，轻松愉快的气氛rate n. 比率，费用fixed rate 固定费用，固定汇率going rate 现行利率，现行汇率rating 评定结果ratio n. 比率rationalise v. 使更有效，使更合理raw adj. 原料状态的，未加工的raw material n. 原材料receive v. 得到receipt n. 收据receiver n. 接管人，清算人accounts receivable 应收帐receivership n. 破产管理recession n. 萧条reckon v. 估算，认为recognise v. 承认reconcile v. 使……相吻合，核对，调和recoup v. 扣除，赔偿recover v. 重新获得，恢复recovery n. 重获，恢复recruit v. 招聘，征募n. 新招收的人员recruitment n. 新成员的吸收red n. 红色in the red 赤字，负债reduce v. 减少reduction n. 减少redundant adj. 过多的，被解雇的redundancy n. 裁员，解雇reference n. 参考，参考资料reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参考号码refund n./v. 归还，偿还region n. 地区*reimburse v. 偿还，报销reject n./v. 拒绝reliability n. 可靠性relief n. 减轻，解除，救济relocate v. 调动，重新安置remuneration n. 酬报，酬金rent v. 租n. 租金rep （代表）的缩写report to v. 低于（某人），隶属，从属reposition v. (为商品)重新定位represent v. 代表，代理representative n. 代理人，代表reputation n. 名声，声望reputable adj. 名声/名誉好的reserves n. 储量金，准备金resign v. 放弃，辞去resignation n. 辞职resistance n. 阻力，抵触情绪respond v. 回答，答复response n. 回答，答复restore v. 恢复result/results n. 结果，效果retail n./v. 零售retailer n. 零售商*retained earnings n. 留存收益retire v. 退休retirement n. 退休return n. 投资报酬*return on investment (ROI) n. 投资收入，投资报酬revenue n. 岁入，税收review v./n. 检查reward n./v. 报答，报酬，奖赏*rework v. （因劣质而）重作risk capital n. 风险资本rival n. 竞争者，对手adj. 竞争的rocket v. 急速上升，直线上升，飞升ROI Return on Investment 投资利润roughly adv. 粗略地round adj. 整数表示的，大约round trip 往返的行程royalty n. 特许权，专利权税run v. 管理，经营running adj. 运转的Ｓsack v. 解雇sales force 销售人员sample n. 样品v. 试验；抽样检验*saturation n. （市场的）饱和（状态）saturate v. 饱和save v. 节省，储蓄savings n. 存款scale n. 刻度，层次scapegoat n. 替罪羊scare adj. 缺乏的，不足的*scrap n. 废料或废品seasonal adj. 季节性的section n. 部门sector n. 部门*securities n. 债券及有价证券segment n. 部分v. 将市场划分成不同的部分segmentation n. 将市场划分成不同的部门semi-skilled adj. 半熟练的settle v. 解决，决定settlement n. 解决，清偿，支付service n. 服务，帮佣services n. 专业服务settle v. 安排，支付set up v. 创立share n. 股份shareholder n. 股东*shelf-life n. 货架期（商品可以陈列在货架上的时间）shift n. 轮班showroom n. 陈列室simulation n. 模拟shop n. 商店closed shop 限制行业（只允许本工会会员）open shop 开放行业（非会员可从事的工作）shop steward 工会管事shopfloor 生产场所shortlist n. ……供最后选择的候选人名单v. 把……列入最后的候选人名单sick adj. 病的sick leave 病假sick note 病假条sick pay 病假工资sickness 生病skill n. 技能，熟巧skilled employee n. 熟练工人*skimming n. 高额定价，撇奶油式定价slogan n. 销售口号slump n. 暴跌a slump in sales 销售暴跌soft-sell n. 劝诱销售（术），软销售（手段）software n. 软件sole adj. 仅有的，单独的sole distributor 独家分销商solvent adj. 有偿付能力的*sourcing n. 得到供货spare part n. 零部件specification n. 产品说明split v. 分离spokesman n. 发言人sponsor n. 赞助者（为了商品的广告宣传）spread n. （股票买价和卖价的）差额stable adj. 稳定的staff n. 职员stag n. 投机认股者v. 炒买炒卖stagnant adj. 停滞的，萧条的*statute n. 成文法statutory adj. 法定的steadily adv. 稳定地，平稳地stock n. 库存，股票stock exchange n. 证券交易所*stockbroker n. 股票经纪人stock controller 库房管理者storage n. 贮藏，库存量strategy n. 战略*streamline v. 精简机构，提高效率stress n. 压力，紧迫strike n. 罢工structure n. 结构，设备*subcontract v. 分包（工程项目），转包subordinate n. 下级adj. 下级的subscribe v. 认购subsidiary n. 子公司subsidise v. 补贴，资助subsidy n. 补助金substantially adv. 大量地，大幅度地summarise v. 概括，总结superior n. 上级，长官supervisor n. 监督人，管理人supervisory adj. 监督的，管理的supply n./v. 供给，提供survey n 调查*SWOT analysis n. SWOT分析是分析一个公司或一个项目的优点、弱点、机会和风险*synergy n. 协作Ｔtactic n. 战术，兵法tailor v. 特制产品tailor made products 特制产品take on 雇用takeover n. 接管target n. 目标v. 把……作为目标tariff n. 关税；价目表task n. 任务，工作task force n. 突击队，攻关小队（为完成某项任务而在一起的一组人）tax n. 税，税金capital gains tax n. 资本收益税corporation tax n. 公司税，法人税income tax n. 所得税value added tax 增值税tax allowance 免减税tax avoidance 避税taxable 可征税的taxation 征税tax-deductible 在计算所得税时予以扣除的telesales n. 电话销售，电话售货temporary adj. 暂时的temporary post 临时职位tender n./v. 投标territory n. （销售）区域tie n. 关系，联系throughput n. 工厂的总产量TQC(=Total Quality Control) n. 全面质量管理*track record n. 追踪记录，业绩trade n./v. 商业，生意；交易，经商balance of trade 贸易平衡trading profit 贸易利润insider trading 内部交易trade mark 商标trade union 工会trainee n. 受培训者*transaction n. 交易，业务transfer n./v. 传输，转让*transformation n. 加工transparency n. (投影用)透明胶片treasurer n. 司库，掌管财务的人*treasury n. 国库，财政部trend n. 趋势，时尚*trouble-shooting n. 解决问题turnover n. 营业额，员工流动的比率staff turnover 人员换手率stock turnover 股票换手率Uundertake v. 从事、同意做某事undifferentiated marketing n. 无差异性营销策略uneconomical adj. 不经济的，浪费unemployment n. 失业unemployment benefit n. 失业津贴unit n. 单位unit cost n. 单位成本update v. 使现代化up to date adj./adv. 流行的，现行的，时髦的upgrade v. 升级，增加upturn n. 使向上，使朝上USP 唯一的销售计划Vvacancy n. 空缺vacant adj. 空缺的value n./v. 价值，估价valuation n. 价值value-added n. 增加值variable n. 可变物variation n. 变化，变更variety n. 多样化a variety of 多种多样的vary v. 改变，修改V A T Value Added Tax 增值税vendor n. 卖主（公司或个人）venture n. 冒险，投机venue n. 地点，集合地点viable adj. 可行的viability n. 可行性vision n. 设想，公司的长期目标vocation n. 行业，职业vocational adj. 行业的，职业的Wwage n. （周）工资wage freeze n. 工资冻结warehouse n. 仓库，货栈wealth n. 财富，资源wealthy adj. 富裕的，丰富的welfare n. 福利white-collar 白领阶层white goods n. 如冰箱和洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品wholesale n./adj./adv. 批发wholesaler 批发商*wind up v. 关闭公司withdraw v. 拿走，收回，退出withdrawal n. 拿走，收回，退出wholesale n./a. 批发；批发的wholesaler n. 批发商work n. 工作working conditions n. 工作条件work-in-progress n. 工作过程workload n. 工作量work order n. （包括原料、半成品、成品的）全部存货总量work station 工作位置*working capital n. 营运资本，营运资金write off v. 取消write-off n. 债务的取消Y*yield n. 有效产量Z*zero defect n. 合格产品*zero inventory n. 零存货。
初级商务英语课文单词整理.
Unite 1 word of workBusiness 生意Technique 技术,技巧，手法，技能cross-cultural 跨文化的Internet 互联网Presentation 报告，展示public speaking 公众演讲Consultant 咨询者，顾问Consultancy 咨询公司run(course/workshop) vt. 开办（课程/讲习班)one-to-one 一对一Accredited 授权，信任，委派（appoint 任命，指定，委派）Motivational 激发性的Title 题目，主题Sample 样品Account 计算Correspondence 通信，一致，相当（correspondent 通讯员，记者=journalist/reporter/newsman)Badge 徽章，标记Identify 确认，鉴定，识别catering service 饮食业，饮食服务MD managing director的缩写，总经理，执行董Gadget 小玩意，小器具，小配件Client 客户Entertaining 娱乐的，有趣的，(entertainment 娱乐，招待，消遣 entertainer 演艺人员，表演者 entertain 使娱乐）Professional 专业的，专业人士Involve 牵涉，包含， (evolve 发展，进化）Responsibility 责任be responsible for sb./sth 对·····负责Interior 内部，内部的，室内的Memo 备忘录electrical appliances 电器Ship 船Power Point 幻灯片Bonus 津贴，红利Catalogue 目录Positive 积极的 =active/proactive /optimistic乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的/negtive 消极的，否定的Presence 出席，在场Diary 日记Athens 雅典（希腊首都）Quality manager 质量监控经理Unite 2 work in progressmanagement consultant 管理咨询师PA(personal assistant) 个人助理，私人助理sales rep 销售代表Correspondence 通信，一致，multinational company 跨国公司CFO（chief financialofficer) is responsible for the company’s accounts, and controls money coming in and going out.J&C is a training consultancy for personal and professional development in the workplace.be in progress 在进行中Project 项目，工程Garden 花园Update 更新Construction contract 建筑合同apart from 除了····之外Minor 次要的，较小的 minority 少数 major 主要的，重要的 majority 多数Proceed 进行，前进 proceeding 进程，进行，诉讼management team 管理团队take shape 成形financial report 财务报告Temp 临时工help out 帮助CEO chief executive officer 首席执行官CFO chief financial officer 财务总监give a presentation of 做····展示Launch 发射Photocopy 影印，复印件Branch 分支marketproject manager 市场项目经理Subcontractor 转包商period of transition 过渡时期，转变时期permanent job 永久的工作，长期工作temporary employment agency 临时工招募机构try out 尝试take maternity leave 休产假Option 选择career field 职业生涯existing skills 生存技能supervisor 主管temporary job 临时工ask for a pay rise 要求涨工资meet one’s target 达到某人目标sack 解雇=fire/lay off/dismissadministration work 行政工作Brazil 巴西Lisbon 里斯本（葡萄牙城市）Belem 贝伦（巴西港口城市）Valencia 巴伦西亚（西班牙港口城市）Montpellier 蒙特利埃（法国南部城市)panorama 全景、全景画Fortaleza 福塔雷萨（巴西东北部港口城市）ahead of schedule 提前于预定计划Unite 3 company performanceBiography 传记 autobiography 自传fast food restaurant 快餐厅Transform 转换，改变transfer 转移，转让 transition 过渡，转变transmit 传输，传播 transaction 交易，业务global business 全球业务original 最初的，原始的Franchise 连锁经营，特权Feature 特征French fries 薯条Softdrink 软饮料Milkshake 奶昔Purchase 购买 chase 追逐，追赶Multimixer 通用混合器exclusive distributor 独家经销Open 开门Expand 扩展，使变大Corporation 公司=companyCosmetic 化妆品Inspire 激发，灵感Philosophy 哲学 philosopher 哲学家Revolutionary 革命者，革命的，创新的raw material 原材料Supplier 供应商Ethical 伦理的，道德的travel agency 旅行社Contract 合同，感染take delivery of 快递，运送Merge 融入，混合Fleet 舰队，船队budget airline 廉价航空go public 上市business partner 商业伙伴Enterpreneurial 创业的，企业性质的 enterpreneur 企业家Freelancer 自由职业者Non-profit organization 非盈利组织Sole trader个体经营者Limited company 有限责任公司Public limited company 上市的股份有限公司Celebrity 名人 elite 精英美国的快餐业：Fast 快Fresh 新鲜Fried 油炸Fantasy 美味（想像，幻想)Fordism 福特主义（即流水线模式）Franchising 连锁经营Unite 4 international businessimport/export 进口/出口Competitor 竞争者Wholesaler 批发商Warehouse 仓库audio product 音频产品Ban 禁令，禁止=prohibitfashion industry crisiscommissioner 委员spokeswoman 女发言人huge losses 巨大损失resign 辞职Garment 服装clothing blockade 服装封锁in favour of 支持、赞成disastrous 损失惨重的import control 进口限制import quotas 进口配额compromise 妥协、折中stock exchange 证券交易所、证券交易appeal to sb.吸引某人Available 可得到的，可利用的dossier 档案、卷宗flat 没电的，电用完了的Embarrassing尴尬的in-house magazine 内部杂志Participant 参加者 contestant 参赛选手，竞争者Stressful 有压力的Moderator 主持人，仲裁人，调解人press the mute button 按下静音键reflect on 有损声誉、招来非议teleconference 远程电话会议producer 生产商 wholesaler 批发商customer 顾客retailer 零售商warehouse 仓库consumer 消费者competitor 竞争者 customs 海关port 港口clothing 服装Manufacturer 制造商 distributor 分销商Freight forwarder 货运代理 freight collect 运费到付freight prepaid 运费预付 freight 承运人，货船Container 集装箱Merchandising product 促销产品Special promotion 特项推销 promotion 提升，提拔Prompt提示=tip 小费，提示Extension number 分机号码常用的课堂工具Projector 投影仪Laptop 笔记本电脑Screen 屏幕Loudspeaker 扩音器Microphone 麦克风DVD player DVD影碟机Recorder 录影机Platform 讲台Whiteboard 白板 blackboard 黑板Unite 5 career choicesstock broker 股票经纪人，证券经纪人London Stock Exchange 伦敦证券交易所bank account 银行存款bankrupt 破产了的a modest life 朴实无华的生活accommodation 住处，膳宿source of income 收入来源Olive 橄榄farm produce 农产品business contact 生意场的熟人/关系deal in 经营make enquiries 询问record shop 音像店human resource 人力资源HR manager 人事经理photography exhibition 摄影展accountancy job 会计工作Passion 激情competitive 竞争的give up sth. all together 放弃所有professional photographer 职业摄影师portrait 肖像、人像studio 照相室、画室、工作室、演播室、摄影场state-run enterprise 国营企业primary school 小学/ junior high school 中学/ senior high school 高中dilapidated 破烂不堪的College Entrance Examination 高考academic record 学习成绩fifth grade 五年级civil servan 公务员routine work 常规工作bossy 专横的，爱指挥别人的design office 设计室book cover 书的封面printer 印刷商；印刷工；打印机quotation 报价in full colour 用彩色in black and white 用黑白色a full progress report 详细的进展报告refer to 参考，查阅，查看book fair 书展coincidence 巧合，巧事consolidate one’s strong position 巩固某人的强势地位removal company 搬运公司stationery 文具，信纸keep sb. up-to-date 使某人信息灵通utility 公用事业；公用事业设备；公用事业公司bank loan 银行贷款paperwork 日常文书工作loan application 贷款申请additive 添加剂flavour 味道、滋味、香味café小餐馆、饮食摊、咖啡馆snack bar 小吃店、快餐柜outlet 商店、市场、销路take on 雇用meet demand 满足需求health club 健身俱乐部be in business 做生意Eastern European 东欧Western Europe 西欧Book fair 书展Science 科学Unite 6 business travelpassport 护照Pilot 飞行员take off 起飞business/economy class 商务舱/经济舱first class 一等舱check in 办理登机手续air traffic controller 空中交通管理员baggage handler 行李员boarding pass 登机牌flight attendant 空姐；空乘人员identity card 身份证return ticket 往返票、回程票single ticket 单程票Overbook 预订超额buffet 自助餐cause chaos 引起混乱Lounge 候机室pay an excess charge 额外付费consumer help section 消费者服务栏目in-flight 在飞行中，在机上的airline representative 航空公司代表confirmation email 确认信，确认函ask sb. for a refund 要求退款charge sb. 向某人收费follow-up letter 追踪信件、后续信件Fraud 诈骗、欺骗credit card fraud 信用卡诈骗Frankfurt 法兰克福amenity 便利设施direct-dial telephone 直播电话Jacuzzi [ʤӕ’kuzi] 水流按摩浴缸room service （旅馆等处送餐到客人房间）客房用餐服务air-conditioning 空调设备Internet connection 网络连接hair dryer 电吹风conference equipment 会议设备fitness room 健身房laundry service 干洗服务luxury 豪华master suite主套房junior suite 普通套房contemporary cuisine [kwi’zi:n]现代烹饪wine list 酒类一览表nine-hotel golf course 九洞高尔夫球场concierge 接待员、管理员broadband access 宽带接口complimentary newspaper 免费报纸Provisional 临时的，暂定的quote vt.报价chambermaid 客房女服务员porter 行李员laptop 笔记本电脑express 特快列车dispute 纷争、纠纷travel agent 旅行代办人divert to转移、转向酒店套房类型imperial [ɪm'pɪərɪəl] suite 皇室套房presidential suite 总统套房suite deluxe [də'lʌks] 高级套房mini suite 小型套房honeymoon suite 蜜月套房penthouse 楼顶套房酒店员工的工作岗位receptionist 接线生、前台文员porter 门房；服务员；行李搬运工；守门人purchasing manager 采购经理Purchasing clerk 采购员banquet chef 宴会大厨manager of audio/visual services 音响部经理A/V specialist 音响师auditor 账目审计员food & beverage director 餐饮部经理Front desk clerk 大堂工作人员director of sales & marketing 市场销售部经理rooms division manager 客房部经理Housekeeping supervisor 房管部主管maintenance mechanic 维修技工Maintenance chief 维修部主管laundryman/woman 洗衣工。
商务英语复习资料
商务英语复习资料商务英语在当今全球化的商业环境中扮演着至关重要的角色。
无论是与国际客户进行沟通、参与商务谈判，还是撰写商务报告和邮件，良好的商务英语能力都能为您带来显著的优势。
以下是为您精心整理的商务英语复习资料，希望能对您的学习和提升有所帮助。
一、商务英语词汇1、商务常用词汇掌握诸如“accounting（会计）”、“marketing（市场营销）”、“finance（金融）”、“logistics（物流）”等核心词汇是理解商务领域的基础。
2、商务术语熟悉“breakeven point（盈亏平衡点）”、“market share（市场份额）”、“return on investment（投资回报率）”等术语，能够在商务交流中准确表达和理解专业概念。
3、行业特定词汇不同行业有其特定的词汇，例如在国际贸易中，“customs duty（关税）”、“freight forwarder（货运代理）”等；在金融领域，“credit rating （信用评级）”、“bond（债券）”等。
二、商务英语语法1、正式文体商务英语通常采用较为正式的语法结构，避免使用口语化或过于随意的表达方式。
例如，使用“it is necessary to”而不是“it’s gotta be”。
2、时态运用在描述过去的业务情况时，使用过去时态；在预测未来或提出建议时，常用将来时态。
3、被动语态商务场合中，为了突出客观性，被动语态的使用较为频繁，如“The contract was signed last week（合同上周签订了。
）”三、商务英语写作1、商务邮件邮件格式要规范，包括称呼、正文、结束语等。
语言简洁明了，表达清晰，注意礼貌和尊重。
例如：Dear Mr Smith,I am writing to inquire about the availability of the product you mentioned in our last meetingThank you for your attention and I look forward to your prompt replyBest regards,Your Name2、商务报告报告结构通常包括引言、正文、结论和建议。
2023年商务英语考试可打印版听力备考重点整理提纲
2023年商务英语考试可打印版听力备考
重点整理提纲
第一部分：常见商务场景
- 对话：订购产品或服务
- 对话：安排会议或约见
- 对话：解决问题或投诉
- 对话：询价或谈判
- 对话：介绍公司或产品
第二部分：商务英语词汇与短语
- 常见商务词汇
- 商务英语常用短语
- 数字和货币表达
- 时间和日期表达
第三部分：听力技巧和备考建议
- 听力技巧
- 注意听力部分常用表达
- 集中注意力，强调关键词
- 多听商务英语对话和讲座
- 备考建议
- 制定备考计划
- 多做听力练
- 模拟考试进行综合训练
第四部分：模拟试题解析
- 选择题解析
- 填空题解析
- 长对话理解题解析
第五部分：常见错误及纠正
- 常见听力错误类型
- 纠正听力错误的方法和技巧
第六部分：其他备考资源推荐
- 商务英语听力教材推荐
- 在线商务英语听力资源推荐
- 商务英语考试网站推荐
以上提纲仅为参考，可根据具体需求进行调整和补充。
在备考过程中，要注重多听多练，提高对商务场景和商务英语的理解和应用能力。
祝您备考顺利，取得好成绩！。
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1 (1)Organization 达到集体目标 要素成本 国民收入与支出 Achieve collective goals Factor cost National Income and Expenditure 投入/产出 原材料/成品 红利（股息） Inputs/Outputs Raw material/Finished goods Dividends 留存利润 竞争优势 营业额 Retained profit competitive edge/advantage Turnover 资产 私有/国有部门 第一/二/三产业 Assets Private/Public sector Primary/Secondary/Tertiary 产生收入/收益 国内生产总值 Generate income/a revenue Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
(2)Organization * An organization is a collection of people which exists to achieve collective goals and in which behavior is controlled. * Organizations can be categorized by size, sector, activity, and legal form. * Most of the income in the UK is increasingly generated by the tertiary sector. * All organizations transform inputs into outputs. This is a transformation process. * Added-value is the difference between the outputs and the value of the bought in inputs. * Competitive advantage is an aspect of the firm’s behavior or performance which gives it a competitive edge over its competitors.
(3)Decision making 决策过程 客户满意度 投资评估 Decision making process Customer satisfaction Investment appraisal 盈亏平衡分析 进入新市场 战略/战术决策 Break-even analysis Enter new market Strategic/Tactical decisions 规模经济 获得市场支配力 现金流 Economies of scale Gain market power Cash flow 融资 激励 人力资源 Raise finance Motivation Human resource 营销 短期来看 销售队伍 Marketing In the short run salesforce
(4) Decision making * When undertaking a decision making, a firm would set objects, gather and analyze information, select a course of action, implement and review. * Decisions can be strategic decisions and tactical decisions. * Objectives of organizations include survival, profit, growth, customer satisfaction or provide a service to the public. * Factors a firm can control, but which restrict its ability to achieve its objectives are internal constraints. * External constraints may include political factors, economic factors, social factors, technology, etc. 2
(5)Management process 执行决策 动态过程 Implement decisions Dynamic process 技术/人际/概念技能 管理层级 Technical/human relations/conceptual skills Management hierarchy 组织使命 使命书 高层经理主管 Mission of the organization Mission statement Senior managers 可量化 规章制度 主动性 Quantifiable Regulations Initiative 负激励 危机管理 Demotivate Crisis management
(6) Management Process * Management cover planning, organising, motivating and controlling * Management skills include technical/human resource/ conceptual skills *Management hierarchy deals with different responsibilities within an organization. * A mission statement states the overall aim of the organization and its values * Objective must be quantifiable and time specific. * When things go wrong, crisis management is needed.
(7)Business format 实现自我价值 企业家 识别机会 Self actualisation Entrepreneur identify opportunities 整合资源 商业计划 损益表 Combine resources Business plan Profits and loss statement 资产负债表 现金流量表 预期收益率 Balance sheet Cash flow statement Expected rate of return 独资经营者 无限责任 管理技能 Sole Trader Unlimited liability Managerial skills 合伙契约 专门经营 利润分配 Deed of partnership Specialize the division of profits 有限责任 非赢利性组织 利润为导向 Limited liability Non profit organizations Profit-oriented
(8)Business format 1. An entrepreneur tend to combine resources, identify opportunities, take risks and make decisions. 2. The main elements of business plan include: a. a description of the business b. a statement of its aims c. a marketing plan d. a list of key personnel e. a projected profit and loss statement f. a projected balance sheet 3
g. a projected cash flow statement h. details of the finance required
(9)Business Format 公司章程 公司条例 注册地址 Memorandum of association Articles of association Location of registered office 营业执照 上市公司 公司法 Certificate of incorporation Listed company Company Acts 股票资本市值 审计报告 提升形象 Market capitalisation Auditor’s report Raise the profile 媒体关注 收购 披露信息 Media attention Take-over Reveal information 账面价值 非执行董事 年度股东大会 Book value Non executive directors Annual general meeting 年度决算表 公司治理 行使权利 Annual returns corporate governance Exercise one’s power 优先股 发行股 股本 贷款偿付 Preference shares Issued shares Share capital Loan repayment 控股公司 子公司 赢利能力 金融机构 Holding company Subsidiary Profitability Financial institution
(10)Business Format 1. Deed of partnership is a legal document which forms a contract between the partners. 2. Corporate governance covers issues of who really controls the company. 3. Being listed on the Stock Exchange provides access to more investors, and raises the profile of the company and attracts more media attention. 4. To become a listed company, a company must produce a prospectus giving details about the company. 5. Book value is the value of company stated in its accounts.