2019年秋季西南大学网络教育统计学0282参考答案
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类别:网教2019 年12月课程名称【编号】:教育统计学【0282】 B 卷
大作业满分:100分
以上三部分内容具有密切的联系。良好的实验设计能使我们获得真实而有价值的数据,进一步的统计处理才能得出正确结论。统计原理是进行实验设计的根据,实验设计要符合统计方法的要求,否则,无法对实验结果进行统计处理。推断统计要在描述统计的基础上进行,描述统计提供的只是局部的情况,
只有通过推断统计才能掌握整体的情况,从而达到统计分析的目的。
虽然教育统计学包含三方面的内容,但是实验设计部分往往是放在教育科学研究方法或者教育实验
等方面的课程中去学习。本课程学习的主要内容是描述统计和推断统计。掌握好描述统计的知识是学习
推断统计的重要基础。
2. 联系实际阐述机械抽样的含义与方法。
3. 结合实例阐述相关关系的含义和类型。
答:相关关系是两个变量之间的不确定关系,它反映的是变量之间不十分严格,但却存在的依存关系。
相关关系反映了偶然现象的规律性,它是一种大概如此但非绝对如此的关系,它不能用精确的数学表达
方式来表达。例如:教育投资与教育发展速度的关系、父母养育方式与孩子道德发展的关系、教师的教学水平和学生的学习效果之间的关系都属于相关关系。
相关的类型:
一)根据两个变量变化的方向划分,分为正相关、负相关和零相关。
正相关是两个变量的变化方向一致的相关,即一个变量值变大时,另一个变量值也随着变大;一个
变量值变小时,另一个变量值也随着变小。例如:学生的学习能力与学习成绩的关系。
负相关是两个变量的变化方向相反的相关,即一个变量值变大时,另一个变量值也随着变小;一个
变量值变小时,另一个变量值也随着变大。例如:教师的身体状况与缺勤的关系。
零相关是两个变量的变化方向无一定的规律的相关,即一个变量值变大时,另一个变量值可能变大,
也可能变小,并且变大或变小没有规律。例如:语文教师的身高与教学能力的关系。
二)根据两个变量变化的密切程度划分,分为完全相关、高度相关、中度相关、低度相关、零相关。
完全相关:丨r | =1的相关;
高度相关:0.7 <| r |< 1的相关;
一、论述题(下面3道题中选做2道题,每道题35分,共70分。请根据题目要求联系实际对要点展开充分论述)
1.什么是教育统计学?它有哪些主要内容?
答:教育统计学是应用统计学的一个分支,是应用数理统计学的原理和方法来研究教育问题的一门应用
科学。它的主要任务是研究如何搜集、整理、分析有关教育研究和教育实践工作中的数字资料,并以此为依据进行科学推断,揭示教育现象所蕴涵的客观规律。
一)描述统计
描述统计是通过制表、绘图和计算特征量等,对已经搜集到的数据进行整理、归纳、简缩、概括,
使数据分布的特征清晰、直观、明确地显现出来的统计方法。
二)推断统计
推断统计是根据样本提供的信息,运用概率的理论进行分析、论证,在一定可靠程度上估计或推测总体的分布特征的统计方法。它是由部分推断全体、由已知推断未知的统计方法。推断统计的内容包括总体参数估计和假设检验。
三)实验设计
实验设计是为指导实验而预先制定的计划。它的目的在于研究如何科学、有效和经济地进行实验。为
了使实验研究获得成功,在实验以前就要对研究的步骤、抽样的方法、实验条件的控制、实验结果的统
计分析方法等作出严格的设计。
西南大学网络与继续教育学院2018年春季大作业答案
《马克思主义基本原理》 88、马克思主义中国化的理论成果是什么? 马克思主义思想与中国革命和建设实践相结合,产生了毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、三个代表重要思想、科学发展观等一系列的发展成果,使马克思主义成为了当代中国发展的核心指导思想。 89、什么是资本积累?资本积累的历史趋势是什么? 资本主义生产的根本目的是追逐剩余价值,资本家不是把所得剩余价值全部用于个人消费或者贮存起来,而是将部分剩余价值转化为资本,不断扩大生产规模,即扩大再生产。这种把剩余价值转化为资本,或者剩余价值的资本化,就是资本积累。资本积累导致资本家不断追逐剩余价值,致资本有机构成不断提高,从而引起资本排斥劳动力的现象,资本主义生产所需要的劳动力就会相对减少,必然导致大量劳动力失业,形成相对过剩人口。 90、如何理论联系实际,在社会生活中坚持马克思主义?运用马克思主义?发展马克思主义? 反对教条主义的照本宣科、反对形式主义的表面文章、反对实用主义的断章取义。确立社会主义的坚定信念,培养正确科学的思维方式,增强服务社会的综合素质。 91、在人类社会的发展历程中,无产阶级政党在建设社会主义的实践中有哪些基本经验和主要教训? 社会主义建设的根本经验:始终坚持走社会主义道路不动摇;始终坚持马克思主义政党的领导不动摇;始终坚持以改革推进社会主义制度的完善不动摇。主要教训是:第一,新生事物的成长规律决定了社会主义的发展道路是长期、艰巨的过程。切忌犯盲目冒进的“左”倾错误。第二,社会发展的基本矛盾决定了对社会规律的认识有一个不断发展和深化的过程。切忌简单、机械地看待社会主义的发展,不要犯形而上学的错误。第三,社会主义的发展过程不的单一的纯粹的过程,它会受到国际关系格局和经济全球化的双重影响。因此,我国的社会主义建设必须对外开放,充分融入到经济全球化的过程中去,自我封闭与保守地搞社会主义不是真正的社会主义。
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