科技英语经管综合复习资料.doc

科技英语（经管）综合复习资料

L Reading Comprehension

Passage 1

Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect "saddle curl/' the Lay's potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker. Frito-Lay. Thinks otherwise；Potato chips are a snack food for the world J said Salman Amin, the company^ head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.

Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company's $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas-

Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete?And second, consumers in the 21st century arc drawn to "global" as a concept. "Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative（创新的）world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company's research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business-

With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito?Lay logo（标识）.The logo, along with the company's long-held marketing image of the "irresistibility^ of its chips would help facilitate the company's global expansion.

The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enteiprise across the world. "Webe making products in those countries, we^re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives/9 said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo's chief executive.

Lit is the belief of Frito-Lay head of global marking that _____ ?

A.Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market

B.Their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales.

C? The light golden color enhances the charm of their company's potato chips

D. People the world over enjoy eating their company's potato chips

2.What do we learn about Frito?Lay from Paragraph 2?

A.Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers.

B.Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.

C? It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.

D. It needs to turn to the word market for development.

3.One of the assumptions on which Frito?Lay bases its development strategy is that ___ .

A.consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands

B.local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands

C? products suiting Chinese consumers needs bring more profits

D. products identified as American will have promising market value

4.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?

A.To suit changing tastes of young consumers.

B.To promote the company's strategy of globalization.

C.To change the company's long-held marketing image.

D.To compete with other American chip producers.

5.Frito-Lay^s executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market ____ .

A.won't affect the eating habits of the local people

B.will lead to economic imperialism

C.will be in the interest of the local people

D.won，t spoil the taste of their chips

Passage 2

As a participant in the forest-product industry, have you ever reflected on how your efforts help to improve the global environment?

Almost all scientists agree that we are experiencing global warming due to increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the ai匚We in the forest-product industry have a significant impact on reducing that carbon dioxide. Consider how trees grow: they grow by absorbing carbon dioxide. When wood is burned as fuel, that carb on dioxide is returned to the atmosphere.

We in the timber industry are carbon steward; we convert trees into building materials and other products that last a very, very long time. Have you ever considered the fact that by producing buildings of furniture we are actually keeping carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere? When we convert a seventy-year old tree into a building product we are extending the carbon-preservation time frame significantly. The resulting buildings could be with us for centuries: in Europe there are a number of well-preserved wooden structures that are more than 800 years old, and in new England there are houses and commercial buildings that are more than 400 years old. In U.S. and Canada we have built over 110 million housing units, amounting to an estimated 800 million tons of trapped carbon.

Moreover, without proper management, forests are consumed by forest fires, which release significant volumes of carbon dioxide back into the air. Only by trapping carbon dioxide in a wood product can we as a society prevent the release of the carbon dioxide.

We in the forest-product industry should be very proud of our mission: planting trees and converting mature timber into products for relatively permanent use by consumers around the world. In your conversation with people outside our industry, try to incorporate these issues in order to show how important our industry is to the global environmental picture.

6.The writer of this article is probably ______ .

A. a member of a timber company

B. a writer of a magazine for timber industry

C. a member of the Green Peace Organization

D. a worker of a construction company

7.The work in the forest-product industry can do good to the global environment by way of _____ .

E.increasing the amounts of carbon dioxide

F.keeping carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere

G.burning wood as fuel

H.growing more trees

8.According to the author, people working in the timber industry should feel proud of themselves because

I.their efforts help the global temperature change

J.they can converse with people outside their industry

K.wood structure buildings could be preserved for centuries

L? they know the importance of timber industry to the global environment

9.The release of carbon dioxide can be prevented if _____ .

M. we try to show the importance of timber industry

N. forests are properly managed

O. consumers pay attention to the use of wooden products

P. trees are converted into products instead of being consumed by fires

10.The puipose of writing this article is to ______ ?

Q. cheer up the people who are working in the forest-product industry

R. call on the public to pay attention to the forest reserves

S. tell people how to improve the global environment

T. let the public know the ways of controlling carbon dioxide Passage Two

To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship11 to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye ? on ?the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善白勺)or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction - the firm and the customer -and each must be satisfied before trade occurs

Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers- A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!

46.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ______ .

A)the practice of turning goods into money

B)making goods available for purchase

C)the customer - centred approach

D)a form of persuasive salesmanship

47.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?

A)The needs of the market.

B)The efficiency of production.

C)The satisfaction of the user.

D)The preferences of the deale匚

48.According to the passage, "to move as much of these goods as possible" (Line3 -4 ), Para. I) means

■

A)to sell the largest possible amount of goods

B)to transport goods as efficiently as possible

C)to dispose of these goods in large quantities

D)to redesign these goods for large - scale production

49.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?

A)Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.

B)It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.

C)Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.

D)Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consume匚

5O.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on ______ .

A)its main characteristic

B)its social impact

C)its possible consequence

D)its theoretical basis

Passage 3

What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course, on the meaning of the "fUturc, If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H. G Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that man will live in great comfort, with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of, perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar will long have gone out of fashion.

But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from under-feeding before this century is out:. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, building towns the low-standard "housing" of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.

Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally million of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements are rising at an astonishing speed. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.

11.What is the writer^ opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph?

A.They may be completely solved some time in the future.

B.They are unimportant and easily dealt with.

C.They will not be solved until a new building material has been discovered.

D.They have been dealt with in detail in books describing the future.

12.The writer is certain that in the distant future _____ .

A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material

B.a new building material will have been invented

C.bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable

D.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered

13- The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to face the world before the end of the century

A.is difficult to foresee

B.will be how to feed the growing population

C? will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world

D. is the question of finding enough ground space

14.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in

backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these parts _____ ?

A.standards of building are low

B.only minimum shelter will be possible

C.there is not enough ground space

D.the population growth will be the greatest

15.Which of the following sentences best summarizes paragraph 3?

A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.

B.Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugees.

C.Hong Kong^s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of

population growth.

D.Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and may

find it harder to deal with them.

Passage 5

Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance and may even cause harm. These studies have disclosed that the judgments of interviewers differ markedly and bear little or no relationship to the adequacy of job applicants. Of the many reasons why this should be the case, three in particular stand out. The first reason is related to an error of judgment known as the halo effect. If a person has one noticeable good trait, their other characteristics will be judged as better than they really are. Thus, an individual who dresses smartly and shows self-confidence is likely to be judged capable of doing a job well regardless of his or her real ability.

Interviewers are also prejudiced by an effect called the primacy effect. This error occurs when interpretation of later information is distorted by earlier connected information. Hence, in an interview situation, the interviewer spends most of the interview trying to confirm the impression given by the candidate in the first few moments. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that such an impression is unrelated to the aptitude of the applicant.

The phenomenon known as the contrast effect also skews the judgment interviewers. A suitable candidate may be underestimated because he or she contrasts with a previous one who appears exceptionally intelligent. Likewise, an average candidate who is preceded by one who gives a weak showing may be judged as more suitable than he or she really is.

Since interviews as a form of personnel selection have been shown to be inadequate, other selection procedures have been devised which more accurately predict candidate suitability. Of the various tests devised, the predictor which appears to do this most successfully is cognitive ability as measured by a variety of verbal and spatial tests.

21.This passage mainly discusses the ____ ?

A.effects of interviewing on job applicants

B.inadequacy of interviewing job applicants

C.judgments of interviewers concerning job applicants

D.techniques that interviewers use for judging job applicants

22.The word "hindrance^ in para. 1 is closest in meaning to _____ ?

A.encouragement

B.assistance

C.procedure

D.interference

23.According to the passage, the halo effect _____ ?

A.stands out as the worst judgmental error

B? takes effect only when a candidate is well dressed

C.exemplifies how one good characteristic colors perceptions

D.helps the interviewer\ capability to judge real ability

24.According to the passage, the first impression _____ .

A.can easily be altered

B? is the one that stays with the interviewer

C.is unrelated to the interviewer^ prejudices

D.has been repeatedly demonstrated to applicant

25? The author mentions all of the following reasons why interviewing is not an accurate way to predict candidate suitability except the ______ ?

A.halo effect

B.primacy effect

C.contrast effect

D.cognitive effect

Passage 6

Throughout the past few centuries there have been recorded reports of space vehicles which have visited our Earth from another planet. In more recent years, these reports of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) have attracted a great deal of public interest.

The reports of UFOs, seem to increase over periods of a year or two, and then die down again. Many of the people who claim to have seen them are skilled observers of air, such as airline pilots. The number of reports runs into thousands, and they come from many parts of the world. There are also a number of supposedly authentic photographs of these spacecraft which have earned themselves the nickname of "flying saucers^ because of their flat, disc-like shape.

So persistent have been these "sightings^ that during the 1960s, the USA set up the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena to investigate them? Nearly 11000 reports were analyzed and after eliminating sightings which could be explained away as normal phenomena, such as meteorites, high altitude weather balloons, and even satellites re-entering the atmosphere, they came to the conclusion that UFOs, were genuine. They could not, however, explain what they were and from where they came.

The United States Air Force, on the other hand, also carded out an evaluation of UFO sightings, and concluded that all but a very few of the thousands of sightings could be logically explained away, or traced to some natural source, and the few unexplained ones were only unexplained because the evidence was insufficient to draw any definite conclusion.

Well, are UFOs spaceships from a distant planet, and are they under the control of extraterrestrial beings who are keeping close watch over our Earth? It can only be said that the case of UFOs remains as yet unproved. One thing is certain, man is as curious and determined to find the answer to the problem of UFOs as he is to unravel all the other unsolved mysterious of our Universe.

26.According to the passage, the reason why people have become more and more interested in UFOs is

.

A.because there are continuing reports of UFOs

B.because there are some supposedly authentic photographs of UFOs

C.because many of the people who claims to have seen them are skilled observers of the air

D.all of the above

27.According to the investigation by the U.S., UFOs _________ ?

A.can not explained away

B.really exist

C.can be explained away as normal phenomena

D? are from on unknown planet

2& It can be known from the passage th at the phrase "extraterrestrial beings” (Line 2, Para. 5 ) refers to ___________ ?

A.spacemen

B. human beings

C.astronauts

D. airline pilots

29.The word "unraver" (Line 4, Para. 5) means _________ ?

A.research

B. prove

C- convince D. discover

30.It can be implied that the author\ attitude towards UFOs is __________ ?

A.undetermined

B.affirmative

C.negative

D. critical

Passage Four

People can be addicted to different things 一e.g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive (强迫的)，i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational — impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts (0捺购贝长户)are even more exc 让ing than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

There is even a special psychology of bargain-hunting? To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts- Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game; when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists often use a method called "behavior therapy (疗法)"to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money. 56? According to the psychologists a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money ____ ?

A)and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys

B)in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

C)just to meet his or her strong psychological need

D)entirely with an irrational eagerness

57.According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices

?

A)because they want to save money to help their budgets

B)because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for less

C)and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgets

D)but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less than others

58.Which of the following is TRUE?

A)All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.

B)Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales.

C)Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do.

D)compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.

59.The article is mainly about ____ ?

A)the psychology of money 一spending habits

B)the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders

C) a special psychology of bargain hunting

D)the use of the psychology of spending habits in business

60.From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain

hunters _____ ?

A)are really unreasonable

B)need special treatment

C)are really beyond remedies

D)can never get any help to solve their problems with money

Passage 7

In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue (烤肉)restaurant., then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks，sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothersfast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise (特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches (拱门).

Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald^ had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.

31.The passage mainly talks abort

A.the development of fast food services

B.how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business

C.the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald

D.Ray Kroc's business talent

32.Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except

A.a drive-in

C. a theater

B.a cinema

D.a barbecue restaurant

33.We may infer from this passage that

A.Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc

B? The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in

C.Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants

D.Ray Kroc was a good businessman

34.The passage suggests that

A.creativity is an important element of business success

B.Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers

C? Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc

D.California is the best place to go into business

35.As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the word ” unique n means

A.special

C.financial

B.attractive

D.peculiar

Passage 9

If you have a credit card, you can buy a car, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your accoun匸In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. Also, if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don I have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft.

Credit cards are a big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company — a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments.

Many feel that it will only be a matter of time before credit cards completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses. In such a credit card economy there would be only one "super-credit-card-bank-company^ and each individual would be given his or her card?Each person's Social Security number would be used as the card number. Firms would use their Federal Identification number. Thus, every individual would be able to pay for everything by credit card 一newspapers, cab fares, donations, tools, theater admissions, children's allowances, everything. All salary payments would be credited to each individuafs account with the "super-credit-card-bank-company^ which would pay one^s bills, deduct state and federal taxes, and deposit what^s left 一if anything 一into a savings account.

However, with a complete credit card economy, there would still be the problem of thefts of cards, forging of card and lost cards, so the credit card is really not that practical. Something else is needed that is small, always with us, cannot be forged, and easily identifies our account. The answer is your thumbprint; everyone's thumbprint would be recorded with his or her Social Security number!

41.The first paragraph mainly tells us _____ .

A.how the credit card company works

B.the advantages of the credit card

C.the disadvantages of the credit card

D.how the credit card company pays the bank

42.According to Para.l, if you have a credit card, you may pay a small service charge to ______ .

A.the credit card company

B.the store where you purchase goods

C.the bank where you deposit money

D.other customers

43.The credit card company makes profits from ______ ?

A.the fees they charge the store

B.the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges monthly

C.the unreliable customers

D.both A and B

44.It is predicted that in the future credit card economy ______ .

A.there would be at least one super-credit-card-bank company

B.there would be more than one super-credit-card-bank company

C.there would be no super-credit-card-bank company

D.there would be only one super-credit-card-bank company

45.From the author^ point of view, the credit card is ______ .

A.perfect and practical

B? not easily forged and lost

C.not perfect and practical

D.more practical than one's thumbprint

Passage 10

In some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee) seeks to persuade employer (interviewer) to employ him or her. Several suggestions might prove helpful to the applicant as preparation is made for the actual interview.

A job applicant has the responsibility of ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview. First, the applicant should know what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective. It is important that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company. Second, the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company. Relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of regional offices, the financial status of the company, plans for expansion, and company philosophy. Information about most major corporations is available in reference books and periodicals.

After gathering information concerning the company, the applicant is ready for the interview? The interviewer^ first impression comes from the interviewee's appearance. For most interviews, appropriate dress for man is a conservative dark colored suit with a long sleeve, white or light blue shirt and conservative tie. For women a conservative tailored suit or dress is appropriate. Both men and women should have neat, conservative length hair.

Although hairstyle and dress are matters of personal taste, many personnel directors form initial impressions from these characteristics. For example, one recent college graduate, who felt himself qualified, interviewed for a public relations job. However, the personnel manager considered this young man's long hair, sloppy dress, and overly casual manner unsuited for this particular position.

46. ____________________________ The purpose of the passage is to .

A.tell an interviewee how to prepare for an interview

B.teach the interviewer how to choose applicant

C.tell the applicant how to obtain information of the major corporations

D. teach the applicant what clothes to wear

47.According to the passage, what the applicant needs not know before the interview is _____ .

A.what kind of job he wants to have and how the job fits in with his career objective.

B.how to get a promotion in a month's time

C.how long it would take him to cover the distance from his home to the office.

D.how much money the company could afford to pay him

48.Before the interview, the applicant should obtain information concerning _____ ?

A.how to get on well with the future colleague

B.most major corporations

C.the reasons why he chooses a particular company

D.the expansion plans of the company from reference books and periodicals of the company he

applies to

49.According to the passage, who will be most likely to get a good first impression of the interviewer?

A.A young woman in fashionable mini-skirt.

B.A young woman with very short hair.

C.A young man in old-fashioned but well tailored suit

D.A young man in a T-shirt.

50.Why did the college graduate fail to get that job in the last paragraph?

A.Because he was too confident about himself.

B.Because he was not a serious person.

C.Because the interviewer didn't like the way he dressed and his manner was too causal.

D.Because the personnel director forms his first impression from the interviewee^ qualifications.

IL Vocabulary and Structure

Section A

1.We use the term "management accountancy9' to mean all the arts involved in accounting activity,

whereas by management accounting we mean the relatively mundane action of collection and so on.

A. and

B. since

C. however

D. but

2.For a company engaged in making and selling articles, the Income Statements are Manufacturing,

Trading and Profit & Loss accounts.

A. taking part in

B. busy in

C. participating

D. employed

3.system eliminates the need to rent or buy hardware and software.

A. ends

B. erases

C. escapes

D. excludes

4.This book employs management accounting skills in a range of techniques as a prime means of

achieving that aim.

A. uses

B. hires

C. adopts

D. applies

5.He agreed that his name should go on a manifesto urging all nations to give up nuclear weapons.

A.be made known to public

B.be signed on a written statement

C.be put up on his paper for auction

D.be made full use of in a manifesto

6.He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.

A. forced

B. challenged

C. stopped

D. compared

7.With a view to encouraging foreign investors to establish technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive joint ventures in China, some joint ventures may sell a part or most part of their products.

A. In view of

B. With the intention to

C. For the purpose of

D. In order to

8.The most well-known of these works is Einstein's 1905 paper proposing "the special theoiy of relativity^.

A. forming as a plan

B. putting forward

C. based on

D. contributing to

9.This time she's hoping to stave off a recurrence of melanoma.

A. stop

B. keep back for a time

C. start

D. cure

10.The final accounts consist of the Income Statements, the Sources and Applications of Funds Statements

and the Balance Sheet.

A. are made of

B. are composed by

C. are made up of

D. are made from

11.When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful.

A. mentions B? recollects

C. informs

D. reminds

12.Told she had only six months to a year to live, the girl was engaged to be married and was eager to try anything.

A. When she was telling

B. When she told

C. When she was told

D. Having told

13.The letter written by Einstein and several other physicists helped lend urgency to efforts in the US to build the atomic bomb.

A.urge the U.S. to make efforts

B.make a contribution to the U.S-

C.embark on the course in the US

D.lend urgent support from people all over the world including the U.S.

14.The group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject has come to a

similar conclusion.

A. sound

B. right to express an opinion

C. expression

D. desire

15.Smallpox vaccine eradicated that disease from the face of the earth.

A. cured

B. destroyed completely

C. put an end to

D. both B and C

16.When the narrow definition is to be highlighted。we shall use the term "decision accounting^ to emphasize the fact.

A. lighted very high C. adopted

B. stressed D. defined

17. They found that, again coincident with a recent warming trend, the birds were laying their eggs earlier in the spring.

happening in the same time as resulting in

C being in complete agreement with

D getting along well with

18.He avoided Swiss military service on the grounds that he had flat feet and varicose veins.

A. pretending that

B. taking it into account that

C. by claiming that

D. in case that

19.Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labo匚

A. examine

B.confirm

C? state D. prove

20.The cancer markers alert the immune system to go into action.

A. cause

B. force

C? warn D. make

21.Both of these "space walkers" had spent months previous to their flight learning how to control their movements under the strange conditions which exist in space.

A. since

B. after

C. until

D. before

22.In 1901 he was granted Swiss citizenship.

A. rewarded B?requested

C. asking for

D. allowed t o possess

23.The difference between labor and work does not coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.

A. disagree with

B. contradict with

C? correspond to D. compare to

24? Vaccinations boosted the five-year survival rate by a modest 15 percent.

A. not excessive

B. more than

C. less than

D. at most

25.Scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence.

A. made up

B. lifted

C. taken

D. brought u p

26.Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society

than it was for aristocracies.

A. interest

B. tedium

C. custom

D. disgust

27.Patients are not charged for experimental vaccines, but may have to pay for the doctorvisit or additional

blood tests.

A. asked in payment

B. loaded

C. controlled

D. responsible

2& They found that for two-thirds of the species, their range of habitat had shifted northward by 35 to 240 kilometers coincidentally with Europct wanning trend.

A. movement

B. natural homes

C. usual habit

D. wild travel

29.The fundamental cause of the development of a thing lies in its internal contradictoriness.

A. exists on

B. consists in

C. consists of

D. relies on

30.There is in particular no

A. partially

C. generally

Section B

31.He can't work this ____ implication that the user is going to read the accounts.

B. specially D. especially

equipment; it needs professional skill.

B. complicated

D. difficult

an explosion ?

A. complex

C. sophisticated

32.The noise from the street sounded

A. something like

B. as well as

C. nothing like

D. anything like

33.This law has been faithfully _____ by the Italian government.

A. preserved

B. deserved

C? reserved D. observed

34.1won" keep you in ______ any longer. Here are the results of the mid-term exam.

A. suspicion

B. doubt

C? suspense D. wonder

35. Today there are far fewer cowboys, and they ____ lives as they did.

A. not any longer

B. no longer

C. not longer

D. no any longer

36.1have decided to visit Beijing; ______ , my wife does not allow me to leave the family.

A. moreover

B. therefore

C? however D. thus

37.The business of each day, _____ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

A. it being

B. it was

C. was it

D. be it

38.Let me give you _____ .

A. such an advice B? some advices

C. an advice

39. The weather is

A. that ? ? ? so

C? so ... that D. some advice hot that we can't walk fhr.

B. very …much

D. much ... very

2. Communication is the process of _____ a message from a source to an audience via a channel.

A. transmitting

B. submitting

C. transforming

D. switching

40. When the hostess felt a snake crawling across her foot, her _________ r eaction was to jump back and scream.

A. initial

C? principal

D. critical

41.She is not able to _____ the duties o her new position.

A. dispose of

B. get rid of

C. cope with

D. face with

42.Why was she so ___ her family in the mater?

A. concerned about

B. cared for

C. concerning with

D. cared about

43.She soon ______ French when she went to live in France.

A. picked on

B. picked out

C. picked at

D. picked up

44.eople prefer their watches to ours, because their watches are ______ in quality to ours.

A. inferior

B. superior

C. junior

D. senior

45.The little girl must have lain there for a long time, _____ ?

A. mustn't she

B. hasn't she

B. immediate

C. wasn't she D? didn^t she

46.The manager insisted that Tom ______ in a more responsible position.

A. was placed

B. would be placed

C. be placed

D. could be placed

47.The temperature in the museum is maintained at a ______ 16 degrees Celsius.

A. constant

B. continual

C. continuous

D. continued

48.They stopped this new scientific experiment _____ that it would do more harm than good.

A. on the point

B. on the ground

C. on cond让ion

D. on the chance

49.His new contract ____ much argument at the meeting yesterday.

A. arose from

B. resultedfrom

C. derived from

D. resulted in

50.Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly _______ will receive a bonus

A. ratio

B. quota

C. allocation

D. portion

5.Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly _____ stimulus to study and real learning?

A. acts for

B. uses as

C. acts as

D. works for

51.The statement is not ___ the ones you made earlie匚

A. constant in

B. consistent in

C. resistant to

D. consistent with

52.For the past week, Mr. Smith was so occupied with his work that he _____

his kids.

A. ignored

B. neglected

C. overlooked

D. deserted

53.Hard work can_______ a lack of intelligence.

A. make up

B. make up for

C. make for

D. make out

54? Why not ____ B ill to answer the question?

A. ask

B. asking

C. asked

D. asks

55.Instead of _____ telegrams, most people now make telephone calls.

A. sending

B. posting

C. transmitting

D. mailing

56.The citizens in that village _____ to improve their fire fighting equipment.

A. kept step

B. took steps

C. watched their steps

D. followed in their steps

57.The rice ______ 讦you had been more careful.

A. would not be burning

B. would not burn

C. would not be burnt D? would not have been burnt

5& Tomato soup that is usually sold at twelve cents a can is now ____ for ten cents.

A. for sale

B. for purchase

C. on sale

D. on display

8. _____ the tower at night, the city looks ever more magnificent with all its lights on.

A. Seeing from

B. To be seen

C. To see

D. Seen from

59.The search for a new vaccine took _______ o ver all other medical research.

A. responsibility

B. initiative

C. priority

D. privilege

60.Only a few people feel the debate about the cloning of human beings is

to their daily lives.

A. relative

B. essential

C. relevant

D. necessary

61. Many manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily on cost reduction, often at the of the quality of their products-

A.expense

B.exposure

C. expansion

D. expectation

62. 一If nobody gives us a hand, we are going to be driven crazy by the tight schedule.

一You're ______ the difficulties-

A. bragging about

B. promoting

C. exaggerating

D. dwelling on

20. It is ____ parents to teach their children manners.

A due to

B up to

C as to

D thanks to

63. Only if you work hard every day __ A. you can C ? you must 64.1 could not make _____ English.

A. myself understand with

C. myself understand in

65. My sister is a fan of Beckham. Her

A. loyalty

D. emotion 66. No one thought that John ，s suggestion was worth _____ ?

A. to consider

B. considering

C. to be considered

D. of consideration

23. It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline (截止 口 期).

A) must be sent B) would be sent

C) be sent D) were sent

67. _____ I read those words I had no idea what I was going to be.

A. Unless

B. Until

C. Not before 68. Some people argue that the fight against

pollution will ________________________________________ industrial development.

A. share with

B. interfere with

C. begin with

D. react with

69. Would phone conversations _____ for cozy chats over lunch or in the pub after work?

A. substitute

B.exchange

C. alter

D. replace

70. The service at that five-star restaurant is excellent. Fll A. prepare B. book

C. deserve

D. reserve

29. Before he started work, I asked him to give me an ___ A. assessment C ? phenomenon

71. _____ your opinions importance on them.

A. As C. Provided 72.1 have never been to Tibet, but it is, ______ a lovely place.

pass the exam.

B. can you

D. must you

B. myself understand by D. myself understood in _ to him has taken her all over the world to see him play. B. enthusiasm

C. love

D. As soon as

a table for five there.

of the cost of repairing the car.

B. estimate

D. evaluation are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much B. Since

D. While

A. on the contrary

B. by all accounts

C. in retrospect

D. nevertheless

73.The current economic recession has serious __________ for companies and personnel who find themselves victims of the downturn.

A. obligations

B. implications

C. justifications

D. qualifications

74.____ the letter, I ran out of the room to the post office.

A. No sooner had I written

B. Hardly had I written

C. As soon as I had written

D. After I had been writing

75.You _____ pay the money, but you ______ do so at once.

A. nccdnl... must

B. need ... need

C. must... must

D. must... needn't

3& We regret _____ y ou that the materials you ordered are out of stock.

A. informing

B. to inform

C. having informed

D. to have informed

76.As a painter, he is very _____ .

A. imaginary

B. imaginable

C- imaginative D. imagery

77.The swimmer ____ the water and climbed on the raft-

A. disappeared in

B. submerged to

C? climbed out of D. emerged from

78.A cloud of fog and smoke ______ big cities such as Tokyo and Los Angeles.

A. hangs up

B. hangs on

C. hangs in

D. hangs over

39.Since they _______ the new method, production has been doubled.

A. adapted

B. admitted

C. advanced

D. adopted

79.That product you bought at the lower price is _____ the one that we sell at a slightly higher price.

A. more inferior than

B. the one more inferior than

C. inferior to

D. most inferior in

80.Liquids are like solids ______ t hey have a definite volume.

A. in that

B. with that

C. for that

D. at that

81.____ , I wouldn^t have given up.

A. There had been a chance

B. Had been there a chance

C. Chance had been there

D. Had there been a chance

82.Courses ______ a ccording to the needs of the students.

A. vary

B. change

C. turn

D. convert

83.1was really ______ when I knocked the cup of tea over my teache匚

A. embarrassed B? disappointed

C? surprised D. frustrated

84? The sports meet was put off ___ the heavy rain.

A. instead of

B. because of

C. for lack of

D. foe the sake

85.Modeling _____ h er grandfather, she threw herself into her studies with concentrated energy.

A. in

B. after

C. as

D. like

86.Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be ___________ with

$ 10.000.

A. praised

B. rewarded

C. qualified

D. awarded

40.Some animals will modify their behavior to _______ to their environment.

A. suit

B. conform

C. fit

D. adapt

87.It is ______ that all applicants must take a written exam.

A. laid off

B. laid out

C. laid down

D. laid aside

88.The meat is not ready _____ and it ______ has to be cooked for another five minutes.

A. still ? ? ? get

B. yet ... still

C. yet ?…already D? already ?…yet

89.The deepest mines and the deepest wells encounter ______ r ock material similar to that at the surface.

A. anything but

B. something but

C. nothing but

D. nothing of

90.Hearing the news, she couldn^t help _____ .

A. smiling

B. but smiling

C. smile

D. but to smile

15. Use your head, then you _____ an idea.

A. will have B? have

C. have go

D. had

III. Cloze

Cloze 1

Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to ] the food to the sun and wind.

All foods contain water 一cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as 2 as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 60% to 80% depending on 3 fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go 4 is checked.

Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The traditional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110°C at entrance to about 43 °C at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.

Dried foods take 5 less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be 6 in special conditions. 7 these reasons they are 8 to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle who have little storage space. They are also popular 9 housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of 10 the dried-out moisture with boiling water

1.A. put

C. take

2.A? many

C. much

3.A. what

C. which

4.A. wrong

C. bad

5.A. out

C. over

6.A. stressed B.expose D. get

B. great D. more B. where D. how

B. incorrect D. false B. up

D. on

B. strapped D. subjected