中考英语复习十:短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练

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【考点直击】

1.短语动词的辨析;

2.英语句子的基本句型结构;

3.初中阶段主要句型的用法。

【名师点睛】

短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。

1.短语动词的分类

(1)动词+介词

常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:

Don’t laugh at thers.

Tom asked his parents for a bike.

(2)动词+副词

常见的有give up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:

You’ll hand in your home work tomorrow.

Please don’t forget to hand it in.

(3)动词+副词+介词

常见的有go on with,catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Go on andI ’ll catch up with you in five minutes.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4)动词+名词+介词

常见的有take careo f, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:

You should pay attention to your hand writing.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)动词+形容词

常见的有leave open,set free,cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)动词+名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

2.短语动词的辨析

(1)be made in(在……生产或制造),be made of(由……组成或构成)

(2)come down(下来;落),come along(来;随同),come to oneself(苏醒),come true(实现),come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come over(过来;顺便来访),come in(进来),come on(来吧;跟着来;赶快),come up with(找到;提出)

(3)do one’s best(尽最大努力),do well in(在……干得好),do one’s homework(做作业),do some reading(阅读)

(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在…..后面),fall off(从……掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)

(5)get down(下来;落下),get on(上车),get to(到达),get up(起床),get back(回来;取回),get off(下来),get on well with(与……相处融洽),get married(结婚),get together(相聚)

(6)give up(放弃),give…a hand(给与……帮助),give a concert(开音乐会)

(7)go back(回去),go on(继续),go home(回家),go to bed(睡觉),go over(过一遍;仔细检查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走错路),go on doing(继续做某事),go shopping(买东西),go boating(去划船),go fishing(去钓鱼),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿着……一直往前走)

(8)have a look(看一看),have a seat(坐下),have supper(吃晚餐),have a rest (休息),have sports(进行体育活动),have a cold(感冒),have a cough(咳嗽),have a good time(过得愉快),have a headache(头痛),have a try(尝试;努力)

(9)look for(寻找),look out(留神;注意),look over(仔细检查),look up(向上看;抬头看),look after(照顾;照看),look at(看;观看),look like(看起来像),look the same(看起来像),

(10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打电话),make money(赚钱),make the bed(整理床铺),make a noise(吵闹),make a faces(做鬼脸),make one’s way to(往……走去),make room for(给……腾出地方),make a decision(做出决定),make a mistake(犯错误),make up one’s mind(下决心)

(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),pu tup(挂起;举起),put down(把某物放下来),put away(把某物收起来),put off(推迟)

(12)take off(脱掉衣服),take photos(照相),take time(花费时间),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(积极参加),take care of(照顾;照料;注意),take exercise(做运动),take one’sp lace(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),take turn(轮流)

(13)talk about(谈话;交谈),talk with(和……交谈)

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