高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析

高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

A Guide to the University

Food

The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.

If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.

Relaxation

The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.

Health

Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.

Transportation

The TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and 3 pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.

（1）What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?

A. Do homework and watch TV

B. Have meals and meet with friends

C. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts

D. Add money to your ID and play chess

（2）Where and when can you cook your own food?

A. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.

B. The Lower Café, Sunday.

C. The Globe, Friday.

D. The Mattson Centre, Saturday.

（3）The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre _________.

A. gives advice on mental health

B. offers services free of charge

C. trains students in medical care

D. is open six days a week

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一则应用文．介绍了大学部分服务项目的情况。一是介绍了自助餐厅、咖啡馆，它们营业的项目及时间、地点等．二是可以让学生放松娱乐的地方，可以在这里自己做饭，组织一些活动等．三是关于健康保健卫生，学生可以去咨询有关健康保

健的问题．四是学术支持中心．学生有什么写作、语法、词汇或其他学术问题可以填表登记预约．五是学校有班车来回接送学生往来于学校和商场之间，很是方便。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 Food部分中的“It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals”可知在餐厅里你可以用餐；以及“This area is often used for e ntertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.”可知在餐厅中的Gouglas Centre，学生可以进行演唱会，玩游戏等，也就是说在这里你可以和你的朋友见面。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Relaxation部分中的“The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating.”可知在the Globe人们可以自己做饭的。以及“Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.”可知周日关门，其余时间开放。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Health部分中的“A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.”可知在the Wellness Centre里，医生和护士会给你一些健康方面的建议。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

When I was 12 years old, I already knew that my teen years were going to be the worst years of my life. I was a total outsider, bullied (欺凌) at school. I felt completely alone in my small town.

But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14, I turned my problem into a passion for helping others. The opportunity to practice kindness made me feel like my life had a greater purpose. The more positive energy I shared, the more kindness and appreciation I received. I realized that my purpose in life would be to reach out to people, specifically teenagers, and help them feel less alone.

Books were my true friends back then. I was so thankful that the authors wrote those books. The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. One of my biggest dreams was to become an author so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me.

After surviving terrible experiences at school and at home, I made a choice to take the optimistic, positive road in the next steps of my journey. My dream career, one I thought was only possible for the authors I loved, is what I am doing now. I have been a full-time author of teen novels since 2007 and am grateful for this amazing opportunity to reach out to readers every single day.

Kindness saved me when I needed help the most. Even small acts of kindness can change someone's life. You never know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily kindness, you become an architect of positive change.

（1）What was the author's life like when he was 12?

A.Boring.

B.Peaceful.

C.Unhappy.

D.Meaningful.

（2）How did the volunteer work benefit the author?

A.It made him popular in his town.

B.It helped him find the meaning of life.

C.It helped him understand others' lives better.

D.It helped to shape his dream career.

（3）Why did the author choose writing as his job?

A.He was inspired by his teacher.

B.He could pass positive energy to readers.

C.He wanted to share his school experiences.

D.He found he had a talent for writing.

（4）What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph?

A.Say 'no' to bullies bravely.

B.Make positive changes in their lives.

C.Treat others with kindness in daily life.

D.Learn to care more about others' feelings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己参加志愿活动的经历，告诉人们：一次小善举也可能改变一个人的一生。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“When I was 12 years old, I already knew that my tee n years were going to be the worst years of my life.”可知，十二岁时，“我”就意识到青少年时期是“我”一生中最糟糕的阶段；以及“I was a total outsider, bullied at school”，“我”觉得自己是局外人，说明此时的生活是不如意的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14, I turned my problem into a passion for helping others. The opportunity to practice kindness in the face of so much anger made me feel like my life had a greater purpose.”可知，但是在我14岁的时候开始做志愿者工作，我把我的问题变成了帮助别人的热情。面对如此多的愤怒，我有机会实践仁慈，这让我觉得我的生活有一个更大的目标。因此推断参加志愿活动给“我”提供了表达善意的机会，让“我”感觉到生活有更大的意义。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. One of my biggest dreams was to become an author so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me.”可知，书中作者的善意拯救了“我”的生活，“我”最大的梦想就是成为一名作家，可以写书去帮助其他的青少年，把善意传递给他们。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Even small acts of kindness can change someone's life. You never know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily kindness, you become an architect of positive change.”可知，作者在提醒我们注意善意的力量，一次小善举

也可能改变一个人的一生，平时以善意待人，会让人们成为积极改变的缔造者。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.

Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. "Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are."

Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, "You've a strict editor and you've to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone's door. You just sit at your desk and do it."

Another journalist says, "More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in."

In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, "Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity."

And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. "Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication." Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, "a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story". And, "if the story does turn out to be false, it's simply a chance for another bite at the cherry."

（1）According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.

A.clicks count a lot

B.resources are limited

C.budgets are tight

D.journalists lack experience

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.Lies can't sell without something related to the truth.

B.Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.

C.Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online.

D.A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.

（3）What's Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards false news online?

A.Negative.

B.Supportive.

C.Skeptical.

D.Neutral.

（4）What is the best title of the passage?

A.Spread of false stories.

B.Causes of online false news.

C.Duties of journalists.

D.Relative laws needed to regulate the online news.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of the m are.”可知Brooke Binkowski 认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的“The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

I work as the reception manager at my hotel.

A booking came in a few weeks ago with a note attached that a guest would be travelling with her deaf father. This note helped us in preparing for their arrival. As they would be here for a number of days, his daughter wanted to make his trip to Ireland as smooth as possible.

Upon seeing this note and knowing I would be the one to check them in, I decided to learn some very basic sign language. I greeted the guest in my usual fashion, asking for the surname on the booking. Once I heard the name，I immediately realized who was standing in front of me.

I had been learning for two weeks how to say: "Welcome to Ireland. My sign language is

terrible, but please, if you need anything during your stay, just let me know and we will help you."

I smiled at the father and daughter in front of me. Turning to the father, I greeted him in ASL (American Sign Language) and began the bit I had learned for him. His daughter broke down crying and told me I was sweet. But the father just smiled and was so happy. Honestly, seeing his reaction was enough for me. It was absolutely worth the last few weeks of learning basic ASL.

Sadly, I wasn't working the day they checked out, but they left a gift for me, a small box with some chocolates and a book on ASL. Inside was a note saying: "Thank you very much for what you did. My father has been in amazing spirits from the time you checked us in and insisted we get you a gift before we left. You have no idea how much this meant to my father and me, and we can't thank you enough. You've made his trip very special with one simple gesture."

I cried for a solid five minutes when I came into work the next day and found this gift in my locker.

（1）The daughter left a note when booking the hotel in order to __________.

A.ask for special service for herself

B.give some useful advice to the hotel

C.express gratitude to the hotel manager

D.make her father's trip more comfortable

（2）The daughter cried when they checked in because __________.

A.the author's sign language was really terrible

B.her father was unwilling to live in that hotel

C.she appreciated what the author had done for her father

D.the author wouldn't be working when they checked out

（3）Seeing the father's reaction during check-in the author probably felt __________.

A.thankful

B.satisfied

C.disappointed

D.regretful

（4）From this passage, we can know that __________.

A.the author made the daughter's check-out smooth

B.the author was deeply moved by an unexpected gift

C.the daughter cried for five minutes before they left

D.the daughter asked the author to learn sign language

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了接待一对父女来爱尔兰旅游，帮助他们登记的故事，因为那位父亲是个聋哑人，执着专门学了手势语"欢迎来爱尔兰"，结果那位父亲对于作者的接待很满意，走得时候还送给作者礼物，并给经理写信，希望给作者加薪。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As they would be here for a number of days, his

daughter wanted to make his trip to Ireland as smooth as possible.”由于他们要在这里呆几天，他的女儿想让他的爱尔兰之行尽可能顺利。可知，女儿在预订旅馆时留下了一张便条，以便让父亲的旅行更舒适。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“His daughter broke down crying and told me I was sweet. But the father just smiled and was so happy.”可知当他们登记入住时，女儿哭了，女儿情绪失控的原因是作者的细心体贴感动了她，这让她的爸爸很开心。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Honestly, seeing his reaction was enough for me. It was absolutely worth the last few weeks of learning basic ASL.”老实说，看到他的反应就足够了。最后几周的ASL基础学习绝对值得。可知，看到这位爸爸很开心，作者感到了他的付出是很值得的；因此看到父亲在入住时的反应，作者可能感到很满足。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“I cried for a solid five minutes when I came into work the next day and fo und this gift in my locker.”第二天上班时，我在储物柜里发现了这件礼物，哭了整整五分钟。可知，作者受到这份特殊的礼物后很感动，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2. 1billion tons by 2030. Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates a gas that contributes to climate change.

Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.

Tailor-made meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of fresh ingredients(烹饪原料)for chosen recipes, meaning leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same food ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption, they won't overbuy and have less food waste. They fine-tune the amount of food to what they will actually eat.

Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放)if people go to the supermarket less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper, they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.

However, study found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. The packaging is a killer if it's single-use and thrown away, which can make all the environmental benefits lost. But if the packaging can be reused, if it's glass bottles, like in the old days, we can get some benefits.

（1）What can we learn about home delivery meal kits?

A.They can cut down on daily expenses.

B.They will totally solve the problem of food waste.

C.They can keep energy consumption to a minimum.

D.They will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.

（2）What does the underlined word "fine-tune" in paragraph 3 mean?

A.Attach.

B.Adjust.

C.Raise.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/0119493004.html,pare.

（3）The author suggests carrying meals with a delivery truck to__________.

A.reduce transport emissions

B.save more food

C.shop only in the supermarket

D.shorten car trip distances

（4）What's the author's attitude to meal kits?

A.Supportive.

B.Unfavorable.

C.Objective.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，套餐可以减少食物浪费，但包装是个问题。家庭送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费，但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装，使其更加环保。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds，”家庭送餐包可以减少三分之二的食物浪费。可以得知可利用的包装对环保有益。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。第三段主要讲述量身定制餐会降低浪费。根据“They fine-tune the amount of food to what they will actuall y eat. ”人们可以根据将要吃多少来调整食物数量。可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放)if people go to the supermarket less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper，they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.”可知餐盒可以减少对交通排放，运送卡车可以一次给小区很多人送餐饭，减少交通排放。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However，study found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero，they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a

fifth.”可知研究表明外卖饭盒比超市买食物会耗费更多的能源；以及“But if the packaging can be reused，if it's glass bottles，like in the old days，we can get some benefits.”但是如果这些包装能够被再利用，对我们还是会有一些益处的。作者对饭盒的使用是客观的态度。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A five-year-old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.

The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farmhouse on New Year's Eve to collect firewood. Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around -4℃.

After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance.

"I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10:30 pm, Bob explained." But my Kelsey came. By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking."

Kelsey's companion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake." Kelsey kept barking but never left my side," Bob recalled. "She kept me warm. I knew I couldn't give up and that it was my choice to stay alive."

Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6:30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm, Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, "Animals can help and his dog really saved him... He was v ery fortunate.”

Bob said he was "enormously" grateful to both Dr. Colen and his Kelsey, "They saved my life. They are truly heroes!"

（1）What happened to Bob on New Year's Eve?

A. He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.

B. He was praised for saving a dog owner.

C. He broke his neck and couldn't move.

D. He heard his neighbor's shouting for help.

（2）Why did Kelsey keep barking?

A. To keep warm.

B. To stay alive.

C. To keep Bob awake.

D. To seek help from others.（3）How does Dr. Chaim Colen feel about Kelsey?

A. Helpful.

B. Fortunate.

C. Grateful.

D. Friendly.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. A Neck-breaking Accident

B. The Magic Night

C. Warmth on a Winter's Night

D. Determination to Keep Alive

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名叫Kelsey的狗在那个夜晚为受伤的作者寻求帮助，并救了作者的命，带给作者温暖。并因此像个英雄般受到表扬。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.”挽救了在雪中滑倒摔断了脖子的主人；以及第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. ”事故发生后，在雪中他不能动。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“When he finally lost consc iousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6:30 p.m. on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once.”当他最终失去知觉时，他的狗不停地叫。最后，Bob的邻居听到了狗叫在新年那天下午六点半发现了他，并且立刻给急救部门打电话。可知狗一直叫是为了向他人求助，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm.”但是，医生惊讶地发现他没有冻伤。他们认为是因为Kelsey让他保持温暖的决心。可知Chaim Colen认为 Kelsey帮助很大，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了一只名叫Kelsey的5岁的小狗帮助在雪中滑倒摔断了脖子的主人，在寒冷的除夕夜为主人取暖，挽救了主人的生命，故C符合做文章标题，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.

"This is an animal study,but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,"says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada."In humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventing them."

Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.

Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.

The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.

“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older,"says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.

（1）The study shows that______.

A. physical activity is important for physical health

B. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growth

C. physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptoms

D. the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older

（2）How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?

A. By analyzing causes.

B. By giving an example.

C. By describing the process.

D. By showing differences.

（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Exercise.

B. Development.

C. Benefit.

D. Study.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?

A. Negative.

B. Objective.

C. Critical.

D. Doubtful.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对实验鼠的实验，发现了动物在年轻时运动越多，老年时的记忆力就越好。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.”可知，锻炼对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠是这样的。故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段和第四段讲述Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行试验的过程，因此通过描述过程发展的。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段介绍一项动物研究，具体的运动对身体的发育很重要，对于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此it在句中指的是具体的身体活动，也就是锻炼。故选A。

（4）考查观点态度。根据短文中对这项老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple —eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.

During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.

The reason is thought to be so - called similarity attraction theory---where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.

In a test, participants were told to watch TV --- where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.

The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.

The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.”

Harley Street psychologist Dr Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That m eans negotiations are more likely to be successful.”

（1）According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who .

A. has the same taste as them

B. advertises his products on TV

C. reduces the price of his products

D. pays attention to the quality of his products

（2）The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that .

A. food plays an important role in earning people's trust

B. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them

C. people who have similar tastes to their boss's earn more

D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV

（3）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.

B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things,

C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn't been proved by researchers.

D. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.

（4）Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?

A. Honesty is the best policy.

B. All good things come to an end.

C. Birds of a feather flock together.

D. Where there is a will, there is a way.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述心理学家发现，和经理们（乃至陌生人）吃同样食物的人更容易即刻获得他们的信任。也就是谚语所说的，“人以群分物以类聚。”（1）推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar kind of food to them at the time.可知，顾客很可能从味道相同的经销商那里购买产品。故答案选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.可知美国Chicago University研究表明食物在赢得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。故答案选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have the common ground and can trust the ot her person. Thai means negotiations are more likely to the successful.”可知，吃相似食物的人更容易信任对方。故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据每条谚语的意思A. Honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策。B. All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。C. Birds of a feather flock together. 人以群分物以类聚。D. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。可知C项符合题意。【点评】推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。

2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。

4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。

5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。

6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。

9．阅读理解

The United States is home to 562 recognized American Indian Nations each with its own language.

Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century.

Now, Indian Nations are trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.

Since the late 1800s many American Indian children have attended boarding schools. At that time, Indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the government forced Indian families to send their children to such schools.

The children were separated from their families. and given English name The teachers often taught native American students in English, instead of the language of their parents. They were told they needed to learn English in order to get a job, earn money and buy a house or nice things.

However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.

At least one organization is turning to modern technology---The Sealaska Heritage Institute, a nonprofit group, has developed two apps for speakers of the Tlingit language.

The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.

The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak Tlingit.

Currently there are two apps, called "Learning Tlingit" and "Tlingit Language Games". The "Learning Tlingit" app serves as a language guide. It provides Tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphabet, as well as a basic list of the words included. With the "Tlingit Language Games" app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（1）What is the problem the native Americans are facing now?

A.The number of native Americans has been increasing.

B.Fewer and fewer native Americans speak their own language.

C.Their native language has been extinct.

D.It's hard to increase the interest of hearing native languages.

（2）What will be the result if more and more native Americans only speak English?

A.They will get better jobs and higher pay.

B.They will teach their own children to speak English.

C.They will lose their history and culture.

D.They will get along well with the government.

（3）What can we know about Tlingit?

A.It can help the native people know some language topics.

B.It can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice things

C.It is a very popular app among the native speakers

D.It is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 people.

（4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A.American Indian tribes' efforts to increase native speakers.

B.Reasons for the disappearance of some American Indian languages.

C.Ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.

D.The popularity of the language learning apps.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Yet the number of native. Americans with the ability to speak their tribe's language has decreased over the past century. ”但是能说他们本族语言的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“However, fearing a loss of history and culture, the Indian Nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal

members.”然而，害怕失去自己的历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去自己的历史和文化。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第九段中的“The Tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. They live mainly in southeastern Alaska. But as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left.”特林吉特部落有大约一万人。他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。但是就2013年的统计，这个部落只有125人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言了，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）来增加本族语使用人数。选项A中efforts能凸显人们这一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods(间冰期)in northwest Greenland.

Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. "As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there," Axford said. "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙)."

This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world," said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today," said Axford.

People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean

that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.

Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.

（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?

A.They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.

B.They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.

C.They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.

D.They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.

（2）The new information about Greenland is important because______________.

A.researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speed

B.it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warming

C.people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in Greenland

D.it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming

（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits.

B.People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.

C.Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.

D.Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.

（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage?

A.Greenland Used to Be Much Greener

B.Earth Once Experienced Warm Periods

C.Coastal Cities Warned of Coming Disasters

D.Northwest Greenland, A Perfect Destination

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代沉积物中发现的一条微小线索揭开了格陵兰岛过去和未来气候的大秘密。就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边缘，研究人员发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。现在研究人员认为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.”在格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常见苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的“Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. ”尽管研究人员很早就知道这两个时期——全新世早期和最后一次间冰期——在北极经历了变暖，但混

合的蝇类表明格陵兰岛甚至比之前认为的还要热。可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为了证明格陵兰岛的温度比之前认为的要高得多。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. ”可知，这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对气候变暖的敏感性。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. ‘Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,’” 可知，格陵兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的80%，拥有相当于全球海平面20英尺的冰。“格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界上每个沿海城市的每个人。”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文通过最新的发现——最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中的苍蝇残骸及其相关研究说明格陵兰岛之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳标题应为“格陵兰岛曾经更加绿色”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。