英语语法专业术语整理

英语语法专业术语

本次听写要求：挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上，学生按序号写出相应中文术语。（一）词类part of speech

实词notional word ['nəuʃənəl]

虚词structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection)

派生词derivative [di'rivətiv, də'rivətiv]

复合词compound ['kɔmpaund,kɔm'paund]

词性part of speech

名词noun

专有名词proper noun

普通名词common noun

可数名词countable noun

不可数名词uncountable noun

单数形式singular form

复数形式plural form ['pluərəl, 'plurəl]

抽象名词abstract noun [æb'strækt,'æbstrækt]

具体名词concrete noun ['kɔnkri:t]

物质名词material noun

集体名词collective noun

个体名词individual noun

动词verb

主动词main verb

及物动词transitive verb ['trænsitiv, 'trænsətiv]

不及物动词intransitive verb [in'trænsitiv, in'trænsətiv]

系动词link verb

助动词auxiliary verb [ɔ:g'ziljəri]

情态动词modal verb

规则动词regular verb

不规则动词irregular verb

短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freizəl]

限定动词finite verb ['fainait]

非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit, 'infənit]

使役动词causative verb ['kɔ:zətiv]

感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb

静态动词state verb

形容词adjective

比较等级degrees of comparison

☆原级positive degree

☆比较级comparative degree

☆最高级superlative degree

副词adverb

方式副词adverb of manner

程度副词adverb of degree

时间副词adverb of time

地点副词adverb of place

修饰性副词adjunct

连接性副词conjunct

疑问副词interrogative adverb [.intə'rɔgətiv]

关系副词relative adverb

代词pronoun ['prəunaun]

人称代词personal pronoun

物主代词possessive pronoun [pə'zesiv]

反身代词reflexive pronoun [ri'fleksiv]

相互代词reciprocal pronoun [ri'siprəkəl]

指示代词demonstrative pronoun [di'mɔnstrətiv]

疑问代词interrogative pronoun [.intə'rɔgətiv]

关系代词relative pronoun

不定代词indefinite pronoun [in'definit, in'defənit]

名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun

形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun [.ædʒik'taivəl]

冠词article

定冠词definite article ['definit, 'defənit]

不定冠词indefinite article

介词preposition [prepə'ziʃən]

连词conjunction [kən'dʒʌŋkʃən]

感叹词exclamation [.eksklə'meiʃən]

数词numeral ['nju:mərəl]

基数词cardinal numeral ['kɑ:dinl, 'kɑ:dnəl]

序数词ordinal numeral ['ɔ:dinəl, 'ɔ:dnəl]

分数词fractional numeral ['frækʃənəl]

限定动词finite verb form ['fainait]

非限定动词non-finite verb form [nʌn'finit]

原形base form

数number

单数形式singular form

复数形式plural form

规则形式regular form

不规则形式irregular form

格case

普通格common case

所有格possessive case

主格nominative case

宾格objective case [əb'dʒektiv]

性gender ['dʒendə]

阳性masculine ['mæskjulin, 'mæskjəlin]

阴性feminine ['feminin, 'femənin]

通性common

中性neuter ['nju:tə]

人称person

第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person

（二）句子

句子成分members of sentences

主语subject

谓语predicate ['predikeit,'predikit]

宾语object

双宾语dual object ['dju:əl]

直接宾语direct object

间接宾语indirect object

复合宾语complex object

同源宾语cognate object ['kɔg.neit]

补语complement ['kɔmplimənt, 'kɔmplə.ment,'kɔmpləmənt]

主补subject complement

宾补object complement

表语predicative ['pridi.kətiv, 'predi.keitiv]

定语attribute [ə'tribju:t,'ætribju:t, ə'tribjut,'ætrə.bju:t]

同位语appositive [ə'pɔzitiv]

状语adverbial [əd'və:biəl]

从句clause

从属句subordinate clause [sə'bɔ:dineit, sə'bɔ:dn.eit,sə'bɔ:dnit]

并列句coordinate clause [kəu'ɔ:dneit,kəu'ɔ:dnit, kəu'ɔ:dəneit]

名词从句nominal clause ['nɔminəl, 'nɔmənəl]

定语从句attributive clause [ə'tribjutiv, ə'tribjətiv]

状语从句adverbial clause [əd'və:biəl]

宾语从句object clause

主语从句subject clause

同位语从句appositive clause [ə'pɔzitiv]

时间状语从句adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession [kən'seʃən]

原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

简单句simple sentence

并列句compound sentence

复合句complex sentence

并列复合句compound complex sentence

陈述句declarative sentence [di'klærətiv]

疑问句interrogative sentence [.intə'rɔgətiv]

一般疑问句general question

特殊疑问句special question

选择疑问句alternative question [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]

附加疑问句tag question

反义疑问句disjunctive question [dis'dʒʌŋktiv]

修辞疑问句rhetorical question [ri'tɔrikəl]

感叹疑问句exclamatory question [iks'klæmə.təri, ik'sklæmə.təuri]

存在句existential sentence [.egzis'tenʃəl]

肯定句positive sentence

基本句型basic sentence pattern

否定句negative sentence

祈使句imperative sentence [im'perətiv]

省略句elliptical sentence [i'liptikəl]

感叹句exclamatory sentence [iks'klæmə.təri, ik'sklæmə.təuri]

句法关系syntactic relationship [sin'tæktik]

并列coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dneit,kəu'ɔ:dnit, kəu'ɔ:dəneit]

从属subordination [səb.ɔ:di'neiʃən, səb.ɔ:dən'eiʃən]

修饰modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən, .mɔdəfə'keiʃən]

前置修饰pre-modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən, .mɔdəfə'keiʃən]

后置修饰post-modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən, .mɔdəfə'keiʃən] 限制restriction [ri'strikʃən]

双重限制double-restriction

非限制non-restriction

时态tense

过去将来时past future tense

过去将来进行时past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时past future perfect tense

一般现在时present simple tense

一般过去时past simple tense

一般将来时future simple tense

过去完成时past perfect tense

现在完成时present perfect tense

将来完成时future perfect tense

现在进行时present continuous tense

过去进行时past continuous tense

将来进行时future continuous tense

过去将来进行时past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense

过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense

语态voice

主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice

语气mood

陈述语气indicative mood [in'dikətiv] 祈使语气imperative mood [im'perətiv]

虚拟语气subjunctive mood [səb'dʒʌŋktiv]

否定negation [ni'geiʃən]

否定范围scope of negation [skəup] 全部否定full negation

局部否定partial negation ['pɑ:ʃəl] 转移否定shift of negation

语序order

自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion [in'və:ʃən]

全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion

直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech

自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech

一致agreement

主谓一致subject-predicate agreement ['predikeit,'predikit]

语法一致grammatical agreement [grə'mætikəl]

概念一致notional agreement ['nəuʃənəl]

就近原则principle of proximity [prɔk'simiti, prɔk'siməti]

强调emphasis ['emfəsis] /emphasize ['emfəsaiz, 'emfə.saiz]

重复repetition [.repi'tiʃən]

语音pronunciation 语调tone 升调rising tone 降调falling tone 降升调falling-rising tone 文体style 正式文体formal非正式文体informal

用法usage

感情色彩emotional coloring ['kʌləriŋ]

褒义commendatory [kə'mendətəri, kə'mendə.təuri] 贬义derogatory [di'rɔgətəri, di'rɔgə.təuri] 幽默humorous ['hju:mərəs] 讽刺sarcastic [sɑ:'kæstik]

挖苦ironic [ai'rɔnik] 语法grammar

句法syntax ['sintæks] 词法morphology [mɔ:'fɔlədʒi]

结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 插入语parenthesis