谓语动词的时态和语态

动词的时态和语态

英语的时态是一种动词形式.不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式. 英语动词有16种时态，常用的有8种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、

过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。但高中学生需要了解13种,除了以上8种,还须掌握以下5种:将来进行时(一般将来进行时、过去将来进行时)、一般将来完成时、完成进行时(现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时)。下面分别介绍。

16种时态形式(以do为例)：

一般完成进行完成进行

现在现在一般时

do 现在完成时

have done

现在进行时

is doing

现在完成进行时

have been doing

过去过去一般时

did 过去完成时

had done

过去进行时

was doing

过去完成进行时

had been doing

将来将来一般时

will do 将来完成时

will have done

将来进行时

will be doing

将来完成进行时

will have been doing

过去将来过去将来一般时

would do

过去将来完成时

would have done

过去将来进行时

would be doing

过去将来完成进行时

wouldhave been doing

【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选.

一.一般现在时

1).表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态. 常与表示频度的时间状语连用.如:often, usually, always, sometimes, now, seldom, now and then, every day, occasionally等.

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

We have meals three times a day.

He is always ready to help others.

2).表示客观事实、普遍真理、谚语、格言、警句。

Guangzhou is situated/lies in the south of China. Everything is much lighter on the moon. There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. The earth goes around the sun.

Light travels faster than sound. Practice makes perfect.

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。Actions speak louder than words.

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbus proved that the earth is round.

The day before yesterday I was told that in time of danger one’s mind works fast.

3).表示主语目前的特征、性格或说话时的感觉或状态。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

He works very hard. He is very happy. I’m glad to see you again. You see what I mean.

4). 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。这时主句

是将来时或祈使句.

When he arrives, he’ll tell us all about the match. Tell him the news as soon as he comes.