语法复习：句子结构及句型+主谓一致
英语复习专辑（6）—句子结构及句型+主谓一致
句子结构及句型
一、句子和句子成分的定义
句子是由单词(短语)按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位。组成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。英语句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语和状语等。
1. 主语
表示句子描述的是“谁”(人)或“什么”(事物)，是谓语的陈述对象，通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。(主语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。)
eg: The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕地球转。
She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩儿。
Swimming is a good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。
To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另外一回事。
2. 谓语
说明主语的动作或者状态，一般在主语的后面。由动词或者动词短语担当。
eg: I like studying English. 我喜欢学英语。
Chinese is a kind of great language! 汉语是一种伟大的语言！
3. 宾语
是动作的承受者，表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象，或者用于介词后构成介词短语，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。
eg: We love our country! 我们热爱我们的祖国！
Her mother likes her very much! 她妈妈非常喜欢她！
在英语中，有些及物动词，如give, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, show等+ sb. sth.可以有两个宾语：一个指人，一个指物。这样宾语就包括直接宾语(表示动作的承受者，多为物)和间接宾语(表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做，多为人)。我们把“直接宾语+间接宾语”叫做“双宾语”。
eg: He gave me a book. 他给我一本书。(me是间接宾语；book是直接宾语)
4. 补足语
是补充说明主语或者宾语用的，通常由名词、形容词、代词、动词(原形)、分词等担当。
宾语和宾语补足语之间一般存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
eg: We elected him monitor. 我们选他当班长。(monitor作him的宾语补足语) He was elected monitor. 他被选为班长。(monitor作he的主语补足语)
5. 表语
用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或者身份，常与系动词一起，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或者从句担当。
eg: We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。
The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。
6. 定语
用来修饰或者限定名词及代词，起修饰或限制作用。经常由代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或者从句等担当。翻译成汉语时一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。
eg: This is a difficult problem. 这是一个很难的问题。
I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多家庭作业要写。
7. 状语
是修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子用的，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或者从句等担当。翻译成汉语时一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。
eg: He can speak English fluently. 他能很流利地说英语。
二、简单句的五种基本句型
巩固练习
Ⅰ划出下列句子的句子成分
1. My father bought a new bike for me last week.
2. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
3. He began to learn English when he was eleven.
4. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
5. On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
6. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
7. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
8. He asked her to take the boy out of school.
9. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
10. How many new words did you learn last class?
11. The leaves have turned yellow.
12. Soon They all became interested in the subject.
13. She was the first to learn about it.
14. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
15. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
三、英语句型的分类
巩固练习
Ⅱ将下列句子接上反意疑问句
1. She goes to school on foot every day, ______________?
2. He is working in the field, ____________?
3. They didn’t go to the cinema yesterday, ____________?
4. Tommy will drive his car to Beijing, ____________?
5. Kate hasn’t bought the new skirt, ___________?
6. My pencil isn’t as long as yours, ___________?
7. Your father stayed at home last Sunday, _____________?
8. There is a monkey in the tree, ____________?
Ⅲ单项选择
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down
B. to turn it down
C. turn down it
D. to turn down it
2. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be
B. Don't be
C. Not be
D. Be not
3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won't
C. Doesn't
D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it, ______?
A. will I
B. will you
C. shall I
D. shall we
5. Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do you
6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?
A. stand
B. to stand
C. standing
D. stood
7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling
B. To tell
C. Told
D. Tell
9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.
A. name
B. named
C. naming
D. to name
10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?
A. swim
B. swimming
C. swam
D. swims
Ⅳ用What或How来补全以下的感叹句
1. ______ a pretty girl she is!
2. ________ quickly the boy is running!
3. ______ kind teachers they are!
4. ________ clever the baby is!
5. ______ I miss my hometown (家乡)!
Ⅴ句型转换
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）
_____ _____ again more slowly, please.
2. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）
_____ _____ me, or I’ll go.
3. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）
Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?
4. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）
_____ _____careless, please.
5. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
_____ _____ next to Nancy.
6. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?
7. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）
_____ _____, or you'll die.
8. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）
Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?
9. 这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）
This is a ______ ______.
10. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）
Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please.
参考答案1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB
11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Don’t be15. Don’t sit
16. will you 17. Don’t move18. will / won’t you 19. broken glass / cup 20. crying girl
(二) 英语中按句子的结构可将句子分为三种：
1. 简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
eg: He often reads English in the morning. 他经常在早上读英语。
Tom and Mike are American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国男孩儿。
He dances and sings. 他又唱又跳。
2. 并列句
由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。eg: You help me and I help you. 你帮我，我帮你。
You are a student; she is a teacher. 你是学生，她是老师。
3. 复合句
含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。复合句又叫主从复合句，只有在复合句中才有主句、从句之分。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在。而从句是一个句子成分，不能独立存在，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样，所不同之处在于从句必须由一个关联词引导。
eg: The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Summer Palace.
这些外国游客在颐和园的时候拍了很多照片。
The office where he is working is upstairs. 他工作的办公室在楼上。
在复合句中从句不能单独成句，从句在复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语和状语的作用，从句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么从句。
主句就是整个句子的主干部分，从句是修饰主句的。从句是相对于主句而言的，即它从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大类从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)，形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式、比较等状语从句)。
巩固练习
Ⅵ从方框中所给的并列词中，选出正确的一个，完成句子
1. Open the door_________ let the cool air in.
2. There are few new words in the art icle, _________we couldn’t understand it.
3. I like beef, __________my father doesn’t like it.
4. We finished the homework quickly _______ it was very easy.
5. Be more careful, _______ you’ll have an accident.
6. It’s raining very hard, ________ we’d bette r stay here.
7. Claire wanted to buy a car, _______ he didn’t have enough money.
8. He’s always very careful, ______ he never makes any mistakes.
9. Take a raincoat with you, ________ you’ll get wet.
10. He kept on working outside, _________ it was colder and colder.
Keys: 1. and 2. but 3. but 4. because 5. or 6. so 7. but 8. so 9. or 10. though
Ⅶ根据汉语提示，将句子所缺部分写完整，每空一词
1. _______ _______is your teacher? I don’t know. (多高)
2. _______ _______ is the picture on the wall? It’s red.（什么颜色）
3. _______ _______ do you get up every day? At 6:30. （几点）
4. _______ _______ books do you have? Fifteen.（多少）
5. _______ _______are you in? I’m in Class 3, Grade 8.（几班）
6. _______ _______dose she take a shower? Twice a week. （多久一次）
7. _______ _______will you stay here? For seven days. （多长时间）
8. _______ _______is the T-shirt? It’s 50 yuan. （多少钱）
Ⅷ根据A句的意思,向A 句的划线部分提问，完成B 句
1. A: She often goes to work by bike every day.
B: _______ _______ she often _______ to work every day?
2. A: The blue T-shirt is Bill’s.
B: _______ _______ the blue T-shirt?
3. A: My father will go to Kunming next week.
B: _______ _______ your father goes to Kunming?
4. A: His brother is about five years old.
B: _______ _______ is his brother?
5. A: They went to the park yesterday afternoon.
B: _______ _______ they _______ yesterday afternoon?
主谓一致
主谓一致指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。eg: He often helps me learn English. 他经常帮助我学习英语。
My friends often help me learn English. 我的朋友们经常帮助我学习英语。
但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题不只是上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待：
1. 人称代词作主语时
人称代词作主语时，we，you，they后面用are，were，do，did，have，had等动词形式。
I 后面则跟am，was，have，had等。he，she则跟第三人称单数，即is，was，has，had等动词形式。it用法与he，she相似。
eg: She is a good teacher. 她是一位好老师。
We are going to climb mountains this weekend. 这个周末我们打算去爬山。
2. 不定代词作主语
someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，anyone，anybody，anything，nobody，no one，nothing，each，one，the other，another等不定代词作主语或是either，neither，every等不定代词修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。
eg: Someone is asking to see you. 有人找你。
Nobody is to blame for it. 这谁也不怨。
Neither of my sisters likes sports . 我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。
Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book.
每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣。
3. 名词作主语
(1) 主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。
eg: The water in the glass is very cold. 玻璃杯里的水很凉。
(2) 集体名词(如family，class，team，group，army，police，school等)作句子主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示其中的所有成员时，谓语动词则用复数形式。eg: Class Three is a very good class. 三班是个好班。
Class Three are from different countries. 三班的学生来自不同的国家。
4. 含有修饰语的名词作主语
(1) 含有量词的名词作主语
一些由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数，如trousers(裤子)，pants(短裤)，glasses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)等作主语，前面若无a pair of, a suit of, a set of, a series of等单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。含有像pile(堆)，kind(种)，mountain(山)，row(排)，mass(很多)，cup(杯)，basket(篮)，box(箱)，pack(包)，packet(小包)等词修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。
eg: My blue trousers have worn out. 我的蓝裤子应穿破了。
A row of willows is lined on one side of the river. 河的一岸长着一排柳树。
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant. 这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。
(2) a group of 和a couple of 修饰名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
eg: A group of children are dancing to welcome Children's Day. 一群孩子在跳舞迎接儿童节。
(3) a number of 意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；the number of 意为“......的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
eg: A number of the other plants were found in America. 在美洲还发现了许多别的作物。
The number of students is 2,000. 学生的数量是2,000.
(4) 只修饰可数名词的量词several, a few, many, quite a few, a great many (of ...)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词都用复数形式。
eg: Several of us are determined to remain in the city after graduation.
我们中的一些人决定在毕业后留在城市。
Both of us are fond of watching football games. 我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。
(5) some, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, any of, half of, none of, the rest of, all of等词既可修饰或指代可数名词，又可修饰或指代不可数名词，其谓语的单复数形式应根据所修饰的名词及其单复数而定。
eg: A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 很多学生要来参加这次会议。
There was plenty of rain last year. 去年雨水很多。
(6) a great / good deal of, a little, quite a little, a large amount of，much等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，其谓语动词只用单数形式。
eg: A large amount of medicine is needed in the area. 这一地区需要大量的药品。
(7) 当“分数/百分数+ of + 名词”结构等作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
eg: Nearly 20% of the students were absent that day. 那天大约20%的学生缺席。
5. 非谓语形式与从句作主语
单个的非谓语形式或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
eg: Whether we'll finish it on time depends on the weather.
我们是否将准时完成任务取决于天气。
二、意义一致原则
指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词也应用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词应用单数形式。
eg: Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
The police are looking for the missing boy. 警察正在寻找那个失踪的男孩。
1. 并列结构作主语
(1) 两个单数主语用and连接，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数；但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则谓语动词须用单数。
eg: Both my sister and I are interested in listening to music. 我和妹妹都喜欢听音乐。
Bread and butter is healthy food. 带黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。
(2) 非谓语形式与从句作主语
如果多个非谓语动词或从句连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
eg: To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。
To work and to live are always together. 工作和生活永远相伴。
2. 形容词的名词化作主语
有些形容词加上the (如the old，the blind，the living，the dead，the rich，the poor，the young，the deaf等)，用来表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。表示一类物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
eg: The beautiful goes with the true and the good. 美总是和真、善相伴而生。
The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。
3. 形式为复数，但意义为单数的名词作主语
(1) 以-ics结尾的表示学科名词的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
eg: Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student.
物理是中学生感到最难的科目之一。
(2) 有些专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语时，形式上虽然是复数，但谓语动词还是要用单数。
eg: Arabian Nights is a good book. 《天方夜谭》是一本好书。
(3) 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。
eg: Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。
(4) 有些以sh, ese, ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。
eg: The English like to be with their families at Christmas. 英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。
4. 含有修饰语的名词作主语
(1) “more than one + 名词单数”尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词时单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。在“more + 名词复数+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词常用复数。
eg: More than one student was praised. 不止一个学生受到表扬。
= More students than one were praised.
(2) “many a + 名词单数”作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。
eg: Many a young man has tried and failed. 许多年轻人都试过，而且失败了。
5. 当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。eg: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.
老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。
The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.
学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.
*在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语。我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语: The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.
三、就近一致原则
指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。
1. 两个名词或代词由连词or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等连接作主语时，谓语常与其最邻近的主语单复数保持一致。
eg: Not you but I am to blame for the mistake. 不是你而是我该为此错误受到责备。
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
要么是我, 要么是他们对那件事的结局负责任。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事。
2. 句子是由there，here引起且主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。eg: There is a lake and some hills around it. 那里被一个湖泊和几座小山环绕着。
四、肯定与否定要一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。
We've had some (money).→ We haven't had _____________ (money).
I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to _____________.
They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived _____________.
Li is coming, too.→ Li isn't coming, _____________.
Both o f us are going.→ Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.
☆注意：so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.
She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.
巩固练习
Ⅸ单项选择
1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
A. were
B. is
C. was
D. are
2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t
B. is
C. aren’t
D. are
3. — How many lessons do you usually have a day?
— Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes.
A. last
B. lasts
C. have
D. are
4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player.
A. am
B. is
C. be
D. are
5. There ______ many new words in Lesson One, but it is very easy.
A. is
B. aren’t
C. isn’t
D. are
6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.
A. be
B. is
C. am
D. are
8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping
B. is sleeping
C. was sleeping
D. are sleeping
9. Everyone except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
10. That place is not interesting at all. ____of us wants to go there.
A. Neither
B. Both
C. All
D. Some
11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
A. know
B. knows
C. have know
D. is
12. —What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?
— There _____some eggs and cakes on it.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
13. This pair of glasses ______mine.
A. are
B. be
C. is
D. will be
14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.
A. invited
B. was invited
C. had invited
D. were invited
15. — Two months ______quite a long time.
—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
16. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to go on a holiday in winter, __________.
A. neither he will
B. neither won't he
C. neither will he
D. he won't neither
17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, and his family ______a happy one.
A. are, is
B. is, is
C. are, are
D. is, are
18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.
A. has
B. have
C. are
D. is
19. I haven't finished my homework yet. ____________.
A. so has he
B. Neither he has
C. He has too
D. He hasn't either
20. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. were
语法复习--特殊句式(主谓一致)
一、语法一致 1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。 When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。 2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如： Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。 The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。 注意事项： （1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。 The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。 There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。 Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。 Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。 Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。 （2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。 Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。 Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。 （3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。 3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如： The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。 The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。 Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。 4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one,
主谓一致语法总结
主谓一致语法总结 ----安顺一中曹方平供稿 一．就近原则：在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be…句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。 例：1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project. 2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager. 二．集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。 例：1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment . 2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games . 三．当两个名词用with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 例：1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week. 2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母) 四．当each, neither, either 以及由every, any, no, some 与one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：1.Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class. 2.Someone is expecting you at the school gate . 但none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。 例：None of them are / is interested in local music. 另外：当every, each, no 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数。 例：1.Each student is preparing for the final examination now. 2.Every boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment. 3.No teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place . 4.They each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位语，谓语由主语they确定) 五.当主语表示时间，重量，距离，价格时，谓语动词用单数。 例：1.Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航)。 2.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .
五种句型、七大语法、八大时态
1）五种句型 1.基本句型一： S V （主＋谓） 2.基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表） 3.基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 4.基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5.基本句型五; S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 2）八大时态 一、一般现在时： 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S） 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just n ow, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、现在进行时： 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、过去进行时：
中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致
中考英语语法专项复习:主谓一致 主谓一致的原则有三个:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。 ◆一语法一致 语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词,复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如: ①Mｙbiｋe is under tｈe treｅ.我的自行车在树下。 ②Thｅｓe ｂooks aｒｅｏld ．这些书是旧的。 １. anｄ和boｔh…anｄ连接两个或三个名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①Mｉｋe and Joｈn areｇｏｏd ｆriendｓ.迈克和约翰是好朋友。 ②Boｔh brｅaｄand milk ａre gｏoｄfoｒyou .面包和牛奶对你都有好处。 2. 主语后接wiｔｈ, as ｗeｌｌas , inｃlｕding ，ｂｅsiｄes , except , but 等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。 ①Hｅwｉth ｈｉs paｒeｎｔs is worｋｉnｇin the fｉelｄs．他正和他的父母在地里干活。 ②Ｓhｅas wellａs ｏtheｒｓtudentｓliｋeｓplaｙｉｎgｃompｕｔｅｒgames.她和其他学生一样,也喜欢玩电脑游戏。 3. 当主语前有evｅry . ｅach . eｉtｈer. nｅiｔhｅr修饰或eaｃh . eｉthｅr. Neitheｒ作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。如: ①Everｙminute is important tｏｕｓ. 每分钟对我们都很重要。 ②Eaｃh student haｓ a boｏk．每一个学生都有一本书。 ③Eaｃｈoｆtｈe girls haｓａbｉg appleｉn ｔheir hands ．每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果。 ④Ｅiｔher aｎsｗeｒis ｃorrｅｃt.两个答案都是正确的。 4.不定代词eiｔheｒ，neitheｒ, each one ,the otheｒ,anothｅr, ａnybody ，ａnytｈｉng ，someoｎe ,ｎoｂody ,nothｉｎg 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如： ①Somebodｙis ｗａiｔiｎg foｒyou outsｉｄe.有人在外面等你。 ②Ｉs evｅrｙboｄy here today?今天大家都到齐了吗? ５. “a numｂer of +名词复数” (许多、一些）=many 作主语时，谓语动词
高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1
Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2
英语语法的五种基本句型
教学目标： 1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型； 2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型； 3.懂得使用不同的句型造句； 教学重点与难点： 1.五种句型的分析与理解； 2.句型4（主+动+宾+补）与句型5（主+动+宾+宾）的掌握与比较； 教学方法： 1.ppt演示； 课堂练习： 一、下列的句子属于哪种类型 1. The sun rises 2. She is walking along the lake. 3. I like this book very much. 4. That man seems kind 5. He bought his sister a piano. 6. She kept us waiting for over three hours. 7. Let me give you a hand. 8. We tried to make her happy. 二、请说出五个句子，并说出属于哪种句型 家庭作业： 1.每个句型各举出3个句子 2.翻译句子
导入主题：我们现在能用英语写简单的作文，也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通，可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗？那这些句型分别是什么？ （让学生自由思考、讨论，引出今天的课题，英语学习中的五种基本句型）1.Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London. 2. Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others. 3. Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet. 4. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 5. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词 有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua？ 【注】S=Subject(主语). V=Verb(谓语动词). P=Predicative(表语). O=Object(宾语).
主谓一致知识点总结(word)
主谓一致知识点总结（word） 一、主谓一致 1．—Mum,____ofthe apples____gone bad. —We'd better eat up the rest as soon as possible. A．one third; have B．one thirds; have C．one third; has D．first three; has 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：-妈妈，三分之一的苹果已经坏了。-我们最好尽快吃了。在英语中的分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母要用复数形式。所以选A。 考点：考查分数及主谓一致。 2．Not only his friends but also he ________ always interested in science fiction. A．show B．shows C．are D．is 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：不仅他的朋友，而且他总是对科幻小说感兴趣。考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词的数由离其最近的主语来决定，即就近原则，所以此处要根据he来确定谓语动词的形式；因为后面是interested in，所以用be interested in“对…感兴趣”，所以谓语动词用is；故答案选D。 3． students in our class going to the summer camp in Beijing next week. A．Two fifths; is B．Second fifths; are C．Second fifths; is D．Two fifths; are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。 表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B,C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。 【点睛】
高三语法专项复习主谓一致练习优选稿
高三语法专项复习主谓 一致练习 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
2016届高考语法专项复习 主谓一致练习 1. Whom _______ this pair of glasses belong to and whose ________ the glasses on the table A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is2. There _______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. have3. The United States of America ________ one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were4. “All ______ present and al l ________ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are5. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which _________ very difficult.A. is B. are C. was D. were6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ______ that they are not renewable.A. has been B. are C. have been D. is7. More than one example _______ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.A. should be B. is C. are D. have been8. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in need of repair, there _______ lots of improvement in their appearance.A. are; has been B. is; have beenC. is; are D. are; was9. Going to bed early and getting up early _________ a good habit. A. is B. are C. were D. was10. The police _______ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _______.A. have; them
初中英语语法五种基本句型
五种基本句型 句子就是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成得,依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型,如下表所示： 注意句子成分得表示法Ｓ:Ｓｕbject(主语) V:Verｂ(动词)O: Ｏbjｅct（宾语) P：Ｐrｅdiｃａtive(表语) OＣ: Oｂｊeｃｔplement(宾语补足语) 五种基本句型见下表： 第１种S+V主＋谓 第2种S+V+Ｏ主+谓+宾 第３种Ｓ+V＋P 主+谓+表 第 4 种S+V+o(间接宾语)＋Ｏ（直接宾语） 第 5 种S+Ｖ＋O＋OC 主+谓＋宾+宾补 第 1 种句型:主语+不及物动词:S+Ｖ?Ｂirｄs fly、鸟飞、--－-- －-主语谓语（不及物动词) Ｈｅrｕns in ｔｈe park、她在公园里跑、----－- -－－－---－--－--主语谓语地点状语(不及物动词)? 此句型就是主语＋不及物动词构成句子得主体部分。不及物动词,后面当然不能直接带宾语了，要补上相应得介词,但就是可以有状语来修饰。上例中得iｎｔｈe ｐark,就是地点状语。 Ｃlass begins、(bｅgin 在句中就是不及物动词) 开始上课。 比较ｗe ｂegiｎOｕｒcｌaｓs at eｉｇht、我们八点钟开始上课。该句属于第 2 种句型,bｅgｉn 在句中就是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 第 2 种句型:主语＋及物动词+宾语:S+V＋O My fatｈｅｒreaｄtｈｅｂooｋ、 我父亲读过那本书、?(及物动词)?注意有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它瞧成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。Ｙou mｕst ｌｉｓten ｔｏmｅ、您必须听我得。(Liｓtｅn 就是不及物动词。但加上ｔo 之后,Ｌistｅn ｔｏ可以瞧成一个及物动词) 后面直接带宾语得动词就是及物动词，名词与名词得相当语(如代词、不定式、动名词……)等都可充当宾语。Ｓｈeｌikｅs Engｌisｈ、（名词作宾语） I knｏｗhim vｅrｙwell、(代词作宾语) (同第一种句型一样,本句型可以有状语、定语修饰）Thｅｙwant ｔo gｏ、(不定式作宾语） Hｅstopｐeｄwｒiting、(动名词作宾语) ?第3 种句型:主语＋系动词+表语:S+Ｖ+P Ｈe ｂｅcａme a ｓｃienｔisｔ、她成为一个科学家了?谓语(系动词) be 动词与ｂee 就是英语中常见得系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“…… 就是……”,“……变成……”等意思。 表语通常就是名词或形容词等。Tｈｅy are honｅst、她们就是诚实得。 Hｅｂecameａsｃiｅntisｔ、她成为了一个科学家。 His face goes reｄ、她得脸变红了。Ｉt grew dark、天变黑了。 注意在英语中,除了bｅ动词与bee 属于系动词外，还有一些实义动词,当表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这些词有:keeｐ、lｏok 、
【英语】主谓一致知识点总结
【英语】主谓一致知识点总结 一、主谓一致 1．The rest of students in the classroom ______my classmates. A．is B．are C．be D．am 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：教室内的其他学生是我的同学们。本句主语The rest of students为复数形式，故系动词用复数形式are，选B。 考点：主谓一致 点评：be动词往往根据句子的主语而有所不同，其应用原则可以结合如下歌谣来记忆；我用am，你用are；is用在他、她、它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 2．There _____ a football match on TV this evening. A．will have B．is going to be C．has D．is going to have 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 句意：今天晚上电视上将有一场足球赛。 本句时态为将来时，将来时态有两种表达方式，一种是will+动词原形，另一种是be going to+动词原形，本句用到there be 句型，故选B。 3．----Where would you like to go tomorrow, Beijing or Xi'an? ---- is OK. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——明天你想去哪里，北京还是西安？——两个都可以。由你决定。考查不定代词辨析题。either二者择其一；neither两者都不，表否定；both两者都；all全都。both和all都需用复数动词形式，和is不搭配，可排除CD两项。根据OK，可知是肯定句，故选A。 4．Mr Jiang isn’t as busy as before because there no home robot to help him． A．used to be B．may be C．used to have D．may have 【答案】A
高中英语语法主谓一致练习题
2010届高一上期末综合练习之主谓一致练习 1.Neither he nor I ___ for the plan. A. were B. is C are D. am 2. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D. am 3. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been 4. There are two roads and either ___ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads 5. Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes 6. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were 7. Very few ___ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows 8. When and where this took place ___ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. ar 9. I know that all ___ getting on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the novel ___ very interesting. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the countryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. are 13. More than one answer ___ to the question. A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given 14. The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary. A. are having B. had C. has D. have 15. The pair of shoes ___ worn out. A. had been B. have been C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting. A. had been B. were C. is D. was 17. Those who ___ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy C. likes D. are liking 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be 19. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers. A. will be B. are C. is D. was 20. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had C. were D. was 21. The wounded ___ good care of here now. A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken 22. Deer ___ faster than dogs. A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run 23. The police ___ a prisoner. A. are searched for B. is searching C. are searching for D. is searching for 24. It was reported that six ___ including a boy. A. had killed B. was killing C. were killed D. was killed 25. The United Nations ___ in 1945. A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were found 26. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. A. was B. are C. is D. am 27. Between the two buildings ___ a monument. A. is standing B. standing C. stands D. stand 28. Laying eggs ___ the ant queen’s full-time job.
英语中的五种基本句型.
五种基本句型 句子由主语和谓语两大部分组成。主语结构比较单一，谓语结构则不然，不同类别的谓语动词导致不同的谓语结构，从而形成了不同的句型（Sentence Pattern）。换句话说，不同的句型是由不同类别的谓语动词所决定的，因此，句型又被称为动词句型（Verb Pattern）。语法家们对句型的分类不尽相同，一般认为，现代英语的基本句型主要有五种： 1．“主----系-----表”（SLP）句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词（Linking Verb），后面跟主语补语（Subject Complement），如： These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。 Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这儿/在房间里。 有的语法家把be后面的副词（短语）或介词短语视为状语，从而形成了“主----动-----状”（SVA）这一在五种基本句型之外的句型（见上面最后一个例句）。 2．“主----动”（SV）句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词为不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），谓语部分通常只包括限定动词，即使有状语，也属任意性状语，即：去掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整，如：This bread won’t keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好（长期）存放。 Tom has left. 前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的，这种状语被称为必具性状语，从而构成“主 ----动----状”(SVA)句型，但这仅限于少数几个动词的某些用法，因而不是一种主要句型，如： They are staying in a hotel. 他们暂住在一家旅馆里。 3．“主----动-----宾”（SVO）句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词（Monotransitive Verb），如： He kept the money. 他保存着这些钱。 They have left the hotel. 他们已经离开了那家旅馆。 在这种句型中，状语通常也不是必不可少的，但有少数几个及物动词的某些用法要求必具性状语，从而形成了“主----动-----宾-----状”（SVOA）这一在五种基本句型之外的另一种句型，如： The train leaves London at nine. 这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。
高三英语语法讲解主谓一致练习题
主谓一致练习题 1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was 2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. was 4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party. A. was B. were C. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class. A. am B. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time ____spent in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have been 7. This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year. A.have been B. has C. had been D. have 8. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have
[1] 英语语法：英语六大基本句型
英文六大基本句型 一、主系表 1、she is from America -------- where is she from ? 2、The teacher is beautiful ------ how is the teahcer? 3、The teacher is my mother --- who is the teacher? How are you ? ---- I am fine 主系表句型结构：主语+系动词（be）+表语。 主语一般由名词（代词）构成; 表语由介词短语、名词、形容词构成。 注意：一系动词be是连接主语和表语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了be;/二明白主语和表语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。 二、主谓宾 1、I love you 2、Farmers grow vegetables. 3、Children plant trees 主谓宾句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语。主语一般由名词（代词）构成;宾语由名词构成 注意一，动词do是连接主语和宾语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了do二，主语和宾语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。 三、主谓 1、Spring comes 2、The accident happened 3、She apologized to me again 4、The teacher listens to the music 主谓句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）。这个句子一般没有宾语，因为动词do是不及物动词，不能带宾语。如果非要带宾语，要在不及物动词的后面加介词，比如第3句，第4句的apologize to, listen to.应注意：动词do是不能带宾语的，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等，如果要带宾语，必须加介词，英语中的一些动词词组就是这么来的。词典中vi不及物动词必须加介词才能带宾语..vt及物动词 四、主谓宾补 1、He painted the wall white.他把墙漆成白色。 2、We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 3、She found the pen on the floor他发现那支笔在地上 主谓宾补句型结构：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语+补语。相对于主谓宾，这个句子多出了一个补语，这是因为有些话光是主谓宾无法完整表达句子的意思。补语的形式，它可以是形容词，名词，介词短语。